Ngokuvamile, imikhiqizo ebunjwe ngenjoloba kufanele ibunjwe ngokusebenzisa isikhunta esihambisanayo sokucubungula ukubunjwa, umkhiqizo wenjoloba ngemuva kokushisa okuphezulu, ukuvuvuka kwengcindezi ephezulu, kusukela emgodini wokubumba noma umgogodla wesikhunta owaziwa ngokuthi ukukhululwa kwesikhunta. Ukudilizwa kabi kungesinye sezizathu ezibalulekile zokukhubazeka kwekhwalithi yemikhiqizo yenjoloba kanye nomthelela ekusebenzeni kahle kokukhiqiza. Kungabangela ukukhubazeka okunjengokuhlanekezela nokuklebhuka kwezingxenye, futhi okunye konakalise isikhunta, kulethe inkinga ekukhiqizeni okuvamile. Ukutadisha izici ezingezinhle ezithinta ukubhidlizwa kwemikhiqizo yenjoloba kubaluleke kakhulu ukuze kuqinisekiswe ikhwalithi yemikhiqizo, ukuvimbela amaphutha, ukuvimbela ukulahlwa, kanye nokwenza ngcono ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza.

1. Izinto ezithinta ukudilizwa kwemikhiqizo yenjoloba

Ukudilizwa kabi kwemikhiqizo yenjoloba ikakhulukazi kusho ukuthi lapho umkhiqizo ukhishwa, awukwazi ukuwa kahle. Lokhu kubangelwa izici eziningi ezithonyayo, lezi zici ziyinkimbinkimbi maqondana nomunye nomunye, futhi izinga lethonya kanye nenkulumo kuhlukile, ikakhulukazi okuhlanganisa ukwakheka komkhiqizo wenjoloba, ukwakheka kwesikhunta nokukhiqiza, inqubo yokukhiqiza, indlela yokusebenza, ukugcinwa kwesikhunta, njll.

1.1 Umthelela wokwakhiwa komkhiqizo werabha ekukhululweni kwesikhunta

Ukuklanywa kwemikhiqizo yenjoloba kuthinta ngokuqondile ukusebenza kokukhishwa kwemikhiqizo, ngakho-ke ukuklama kwemikhiqizo kufanele kuhlangabezane nezidingo zokudilizwa kalula kwemikhiqizo. Isici esiyinhloko esithinta ukubhidliza ekwakhiweni komkhiqizo ukuthambekela kokudiliza, ukuze uvule isikhunta futhi ukhiphe umkhiqizo, indawo yangaphakathi nangaphandle yendawo yokuhlukanisa eqondile kufanele inikezwe i-slope eyanele yokudiliza. Nakuba eminye imikhiqizo inomthambeka wokudilizwa, inani lincane kakhulu, futhi eminye imikhiqizo inomthambeka wendawo yangaphandle kuphela, ishaya indiva ukuthambekela kwendawo engaphakathi nezimbambo zangaphakathi nokubekezela; Eminye imikhiqizo ayinawo nhlobo umqansa, okuletha ubunzima ekwakhiweni komkhiqizo. Ngemuva kokuthi umkhiqizo ubhakiwe, i-centripetal shrinkage ivela ngenxa yokupholisa komkhiqizo, okhiqiza amandla amakhulu okubamba emgodleni noma iphini, okuvimbela ukudilizwa. Uma i-slope yokudiliza yanda, lokhu kumelana kungancishiswa kakhulu, futhi amaphutha afana nokuklebhula umkhiqizo ngenxa yokuntuleka komthambeka nawo angagwenywa. Umthambeka wokudilika uhlobene nokuma nokushuba komkhiqizo, ngokuvamile kunqunywa ngokwamandla, futhi ukuthambeka komkhiqizo ojwayelekile kuphakathi kuka-1 ° ~ 3 °.

1.2 Umthelela wokuklanywa kwesikhunta kanye nokukhiqizwa ekukhululweni kwesikhunta

1.2.1 Umthelela wokwakheka kwesikhunta ekukhululweni kwesikhunta

Isikhunta senjoloba singenye yemishini eyinhloko yokukhiqiza imikhiqizo yenjoloba, isimiso sokucindezela isikhunta singahlukaniswa sibe isikhunta somjovo, isikhunta sokufa, ukucindezela ukwakheka kwesikhunta kuhambisana nokuma, izici kanye nezidingo zokusetshenziswa komkhiqizo, ngokusho kwemikhiqizo yenjoloba efanayo ukuklama isikhunta eziningana zezakhiwo ezahlukene. Isakhiwo sesikhunta sihlobene ngokuqondile nekhwalithi yemikhiqizo, ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza, ubunzima bokucubungula isikhunta kanye nempilo yesevisi. Ngakho-ke, ucwaningo lwesakhiwo sesikhunta lubaluleke kakhulu. Ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi imikhiqizo yenjoloba inejiyomethri efanele kanye nokunemba kobukhulu obuthile, ukwakheka kwesakhiwo sesikhunta kufanele kulandele lezi zimiso ezilandelayo:

(1) Bazi kahle futhi baqonde ubulukhuni, ukuncipha kanye nezidingo zokusebenzisa izinto ezisetshenziswa emikhiqizweni yenjoloba.

(2) Qinisekisa ukuma kanye nekhonta yomkhiqizo.

(3) Isakhiwo sesikhunta kufanele sibe lula futhi sibe nengqondo, ukubeka kufanele kube okuthembekile, ukufakwa nokuhlakazeka kufanele kube lula, futhi kube lula ukusebenza.

(4) Inani lemigodi yesikhunta lifanelekile, elilungele ukusetshenziswa komshini kanye nesikhunta, futhi kufanele licabangele ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza.

(5) Isikhunta kufanele sibe namandla anele kanye nokuqina, futhi silwele ukuba sincane ukuma, sikhanye ngesisindo, sicutshungulwe kalula, futhi sihambisane nenqubo yokukhiqiza.

(6) Imbobo yesikhunta kufanele ilungele ukulayisha nokukhipha umkhiqizo, futhi lapho i-vulcanizing, into yerabha kufanele ibe nokucindezela okwanele.

(7) Isikhunta kufanele sibe nokunemba okuthile, isiphetho kanye nendawo yokuhlukanisa enengqondo, okulula ukuyinquma.

(8) Isikhunta kufanele sibe nomsele wenjoloba ophukile ukuze kube lula ukuhlanzwa.

(9) Idizayini yesikhunta kufanele ihambisane nokuhlelwa kanye nokumiswa, futhi ilwele ukuguquguquka okuhle.

Kusukela ezidingweni zokuklama isikhunta, kungabonakala ukuthi izici ezithinta ukudilizwa kwemikhiqizo zihlanganisa ukuqina kwesikhunta, ukumelana nokudiliza, indlela yokukhipha, njll.

1.2.1.1 Ukuqina kwesikhunta

Isikhunta senjoloba ngokuvamile sisebenzisa isikhunta esihlanganisiwe, ngakho-ke kukhona ukulingana kokuphazamiseka noma ukulingana kwegebe ekubunjweni. Enqubweni yokukhiqiza, ngaphansi kwesenzo se-clamping force noma ingcindezi yomjovo, izingxenye zesikhunta zithambekele ekuguqukeni kokunwebeka, futhi lapho isikhunta sivulwa, lokhu kuguqulwa kuzodala ukungqubuzana phakathi kwensimbi nensimbi. Uma i-elastic rebound inkulu, izophinde ibangele amandla okukhipha phakathi kwerabha nendawo yokubunjwa, okuphoqelela isikhungo sohlaka ukuthi sibe i-arc, futhi impahla yerabha ikhishwe kumthungo wohlaka olugobile. Ngenxa yalokho, ukumelana nokuvula isikhunta kuyanda, okuholela enkingeni yokudiliza, okubangela ukuthi umkhiqizo udabuke, futhi ngisho nesikhunta silahlwe (imvamisa umkhiqizo unempahla yensimbi yamathambo). Ngakho-ke, ukuklama isikhunta kufanele kuqinisekise ukuthi izingxenye ezibunjiwe zine-rigidity eyanele.

1.2.1.2 Ukumelana nokubhidliza

Lapho umkhiqizo udilizwa, kuyadingeka ukunqoba ukumelana nokuvula isikhunta kanye nokumelana ne-ejection. Iningi lamaphutha ekhwalithi yomkhiqizo okubangelwa ukukhululwa kwesikhunta okungalungile kuhlobene nalokhu. Ukumelana ne-ejection ikakhulukazi kuvela ekubambeni komkhiqizo kuya kungqikithi, okuhlanganisa amandla okubangelwa ukuncipha, ukukhishwa, ukubopha kanye nokungqubuzana phakathi kwezindawo zenjoloba nezensimbi. Lawa mandla ahlanganisa noma ahlanganiswe ngezindlela ezahlukene ukuze athinte ukukhishwa komkhiqizo.

1.2.1.3 Indlela yokukhipha

I-ejection mechanism ithinta ngokuqondile umphumela wokukhipha, induku ye-ejector eyi-demoulding ivame ukufakwa endaweni ephakathi kwesikhunta, futhi indawo enqamula ingxenye yenduku ye-ejector ye-demoulding akufanele ibe mncane kakhulu, ukuze kuvinjwe amandla amaningi endaweni ngayinye yeyunithi, kulula ukwenza imikhiqizo emincane iphule phezulu noma imikhiqizo ene-steel skeleton deformation. Lapho ukhiqiza imikhiqizo enendawo enkulu nesisindo esinzima, ukuze ugweme ukungqubuzana okukhulu okubangelwa ukuminya kwesenzo sokuphuma noma ukugoba kwenduku yokukhipha, iphedi yokubumba kufanele ifakwe ibhulokhi yomhlahlandlela wokubhidliza cishe engu-¢ 100mm, noma ngaphezulu isethe umhlangano wenduku ye-mold ejector, kodwa idinga ukulingana.

1.2.2 Umthelela wokwenziwa kwesikhunta ekukhululweni kwesikhunta

Ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhiqiza isikhunta, umgodi, ubulukhuni obuphakathi nendawo, kanye negebe lendawo yokukhwelana yesakhiwo sokufaka kufanele kuhlolwe ngokuqinile, ngaphandle kwalokho kuzothinta ukukhululwa kwesikhunta komkhiqizo. Igebe phakathi kokufakwayo nendawo yokukhwelana likhulu kakhulu, irabha inezindawo eziwuketshezi lapho ifudumala, futhi irabha kulula ukuyikhama ngesikhathi senqubo yokugcwalisa isikhunta, yakha i-flash ewugqinsi, evimbela kakhulu ukubhidliza nokubukeka komkhiqizo. Ukwengeza, emikhiqizweni enezindonga ezijulile ze-cavity, uma ikhishiwe, i-vacuum yakheka ebusweni bengxenye kanye nomgogodla, okuholela ebunzimeni bokudiliza. Ngakho-ke, lapho isikhunta senziwa, umgogodla kufanele ube nezimbobo ezifanele zokungenisa umoya noma indawo ewumgogodla ilukhuni ngokuqhathaniswa (ngaphandle kokuthinta ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo), okulungele ukukhulula isikhunta.

1.3 Umthelela wamapharamitha wenqubo yokukhiqiza ekukhululweni kwesikhunta

Imingcele yenqubo yokukhiqiza ihlobene nokukhubazeka kwekhwalithi yemikhiqizo, phakathi kwayo ingcindezi yomjovo, ingcindezi yokubamba ingcindezi, izinga lokushisa le-vulcanization, okuqukethwe kweglue, isikhathi se-vulcanization, njll. Uma ingcindezi yomjovo iphezulu kakhulu, izodala ukubola okunwebekayo kwezingxenye zesikhunta futhi kubangele amandla e-extrusion. Uma isikhathi sokubamba siside kakhulu, ukucindezelwa emgodini wesikhunta kuyanda, okuzokwenza ukuthi amandla e-shear kanye nokucindezeleka kwe-molecular orientation kwande. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amandla okujova ingcindezi yokubamba aphakeme kakhulu futhi isikhathi side kakhulu, okuzophinde kubangele ukugcwaliswa kwenqubo, ukukhiqiza ukucindezeleka okukhulu kwangaphakathi, futhi kubangele ukuguqulwa kwezingxenye zesikhunta noma ukukhanya phakathi kwezindawo zokuhlangana, okwenza ukudiliza kube nzima nakakhulu. Izinga lokushisa le-Vulcanization, izinga lokuqukethwe kwenjoloba, isikhathi se-vulcanization sihlobene nesilinganiso sokuncipha kwerabha, irabha evundisiwe kulula ukukhiqiza ukubuyela esimweni sangempela ekushiseni okuphezulu, izinga elikhulu lokuncipha kwerabha ngemva kokuvuthwa, okuphambene nalokho, ukuncipha okuncane. Izinga lokuqukethwe kwerabha liphakeme, ukuncipha okukhulu, ukuncipha kokuqukethwe kwenjoloba, ukushwabana kuncane, isikhathi eside sokwenza i-vulcanization, sikhulu izinga lokuxhumanisa, izinga lokuncipha elincane, isikhathi esifushane se-vulcanization, izinga elincane lesikhathi sokuphambana, izinga lokuncipha likhulu, futhi izinga lokuncipha likhulu, izinga lokuncipha liba likhulu noma lincipha kakhulu per-vulcanization, kanye nesilinganiso esincane sokuncipha sikhulu kuphela endaweni eyi-vulcanization, futhi amandla okubamba isikhunta esinomongo oyinkimbinkimbi kanye nesakhiwo sokufaka nawo makhulu, angahambisani nokudilizwa komkhiqizo.

1.4 Umthelela wendlela yokusebenza ekukhululweni kwesikhunta

Ipheya lesikhunta esakhiwe kahle, esifana nokusebenzisa into efanayo yerabha nokusebenzisa ukugeleza kwenqubo efanayo, ngenxa yobungcweti bomsebenzisi obuhlukile nezindlela, umphumela wokukhululwa otholiwe nawo uhlukile. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukujwayela futhi uphathe indlela yokudiliza yomkhiqizo ukuze uthole umphumela omuhle wokudiliza. Nazi izindlela ezimbalwa zokukhululwa ezinengqondo:

(1) Ukubhidliza ngezandla kungenye yezindlela zokuthi imikhiqizo yenjoloba ikhiphe imikhiqizo endaweni yesikhunta kanye nomgogodla wesikhunta, ofanele izingxenye ezincane ezixubile kanye nemikhiqizo yenjoloba enokuqina okuphezulu.

(2) Ukubhidliza ngomshini kusetshenziswa kakhulu ukubumba ukubumba umjovo, ukubumba okufayo neminye imikhiqizo emikhulu yenjoloba.

(3) Ukubhidliza komoya ukusetshenziswa komoya ocindezelwe noma inkomishi yokumunca i-vacuum ukukhipha imikhiqizo, isici sako esikhulu kunazo zonke ukuthi: ukwenza lula ukwakheka kwesikhunta, ukunciphisa isikhathi sokuvula nokuvala, ukunciphisa amandla okusebenza, nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza.

(4) Ukubhidliza i-Deformation ikakhulukazi ukusetshenziswa kwe-elasticity kanye nokwelula okuhle kwerabha, kusetshenziswa ukucindezelwa okuphoqelelwe noma ukuguqulwa kwe-elongation, ukuze kutholwe umphumela wokudiliza.

(5) Ukubhidliza okuphakathi kwesikhunta kuwukukhipha noma ukucindezela umgogodla wesikhunta ophakathi nendawo lapho ubhidliza, bese uvula isikhunta ukuze sibunjwe, okusiza ekuqinisekiseni ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo kanye nomthelela wokubhidliza.

(6) I-demolding efakiwe ifaneleka kakhulu noma imikhiqizo enezinto ezifakiwe.

1.5 Umthelela wokugcinwa kwesikhunta ekukhululweni kwesikhunta

I-pair of molds enesakhiwo esinengqondo, ukuze kunwetshwe impilo yayo yesevisi futhi kuqinisekiswe ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo, ngaphezu kokusetshenziswa ngokucophelela, kufanele futhi unake ukugcinwa kwesikhunta. Ngemuva kokusetshenziswa kwesikhunta, izinto ezilandelayo kufanele zihlolwe:

(1) Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isikhunta sikhubazekile, ikakhulukazi umgodi wesikhunta noma uhlaka lwesikhunta. Ngemuva kokuthi isikhunta sikhubazekile, asihambisani nokudilizwa kwemikhiqizo yenjoloba nge-steel skeleton noma ukuqina okuphezulu.

(2) Ukuthi kukhona ukuxega nokudonsa izinwele engxenyeni yokukhwelana. Kuyoba khona izikhala kanye namamaki lapho isikhunta sikhululekile futhi sidonswa, futhi ngemva kokucindezelwa kwezinto zenjoloba, kunzima ukukhulula isikhunta, ngisho nokuklebhula umkhiqizo.

(3) Ukuthi ukuma kuthembekile yini. Isikhunta ngokuvamile senziwa ngezifanekiso eziningi ezihlanganiswe ndawonye, ​​futhi ukuma okungalungile kuzodala izikhala noma ukuguqulwa kwesikhunta.

(4) Ukuthi ingaphezulu lesikhunta libushelelezi futhi sinjani isimo esibi. Ngemuva kokuthi isikhunta sigqwalile noma singcolile, kuzokwenziwa ukungqubuzana okukhulu ngesikhathi sokudilizwa, okungahambisani nokudilizwa komkhiqizo.

(5) Ukuthi ingqikithi ehambisanayo enyakazayo kanye nezinsiza zokukhiya esibunjeni ziphelele yini.

Uma kunezinkinga ezingenhla, isikhunta kufanele silungiswe, sihlanzwe, singagqwali, njll.

2 Izinyathelo zokuqapha

Lokhu okungenhla kuhlaziya umthelela wezinto ezihlukahlukene ekwehlisweni kwemikhiqizo, futhi kubeka phambili izinyathelo ezihambisanayo zokumelana nesici ngasinye esinomthelela. Izinyathelo ezibalulekile zokugwema ukukhishwa kwesikhunta okubi zingabiliswa zibe:

(1) Isakhiwo somkhiqizo kulula ukusibhidliza, futhi kufanele kube nomthambeka owanele wokudiliza.

(2) Isakhiwo sesikhunta sinengqondo, futhi ukuqina kwesikhunta kuthuthukiswa ngangokunokwenzeka.

(3) Nquma ngokunengqondo amapharamitha enqubo yokukhiqiza.

(4) Ukwenza ngcono izinga lokusebenza kwabasebenzi.

(5) Naka ukugcinwa kwesikhunta.

(6) Nciphisa ukungqubuzana futhi usebenzise i-ejenti ekhulula isikhunta.

(7) Khetha ifomula ye-viscosity enengqondo nefanelekile.