Hiku angarhela, switirhisiwa leswi vumbiweke hi rhaba swifanele ku vumbiwa hiku tirhisa xivumbeko lexi fambelanaka xa ku lulamisiwa ka xivumbeko, xitirhisiwa xa rhaba endzhaku ka mahiselo yale henhla, vulcanization ya ntshikelelo wale henhla, kusuka eka xivumbeko xa xivumbeko kumbe core ya xivumbeko hi ntolovelo switiveka tani hi mold release. Ku demolding lokunga kahle i xin’wana xa swivangelo swa nkoka eka swihoxo swa khwalithi ya switirhisiwa swa rhaba xikan’we na mbuyelo eka vuhumelerisi bya kahle. Swinga vanga swihoxo swofana naku soholota naku handzula swiphemu, naswona swin’wana swi onha hambi kuri xivumbeko, leswi tisaka xiphiqo eka vuhumelerisi bya ntolovelo. Ku dyondza swilo leswinga tsakisiki leswi khumbhaka ku herisiwa ka switirhisiwa swa rhaba swina nkoka swinene ku tiyisisa khwalithi ya switirhisiwa, ku sivela swihoxo, ku sivela swilo leswinga sala, naku antswisa vuswikoti bya vuhumelerisi.

1. Swilo leswi khumbaka ku herisiwa ka swilo leswi endliweke hi rhaba .

Ku demolding lokunga kahle ka switirhisiwa swa rhaba ngopfu ngopfu swivula leswaku loko xitirhisiwa xi hlongoriwa, aswi nge wi kahle. Leswi swi vangiwa hi swilo swo tala leswi kucetelaka, swilo leswi swi rharhanganile hi ku ya hi swin’wana, naswona mpimo wa nkucetelo na ku kombisa swi hambanile, ngopfu-ngopfu ku katsa na dizayini ya swikumiwa swa rhaba, dizayini ya xivumbeko na vumaki, endlelo ra vuhumelerisi, ndlela yo tirha, ku hlayisa xivumbeko, na swin’wana.

1.1 Nkucetelo wa dizayini ya xiendliwa xa rhaba eka ku humesiwa ka xivumbeko .

Dizayini ya switirhisiwa swa rhaba swi khumba hi ku kongoma matirhelo ya ku humesiwa ka switirhisiwa, hikokwalaho dizayini ya switirhisiwa yi fanele ku fikelela swilaveko swa ku herisiwa ka switirhisiwa hi ku olova. Nchumu lowukulu lowu khumbaka ku demolding eka dizayini ya xiendliwa i xirhendzevutani xa demolding, leswaku kuta pfuriwa xivumbeko naku humesa xitirhisiwa, swiphemu swale ndzeni nale handle swa ndzhawu yo hambanyisa leyi yimisiweke swifanele ku nyikiwa na xirhendzevutani xo enela lexi ringaneleke. Hambi leswi switirhisiwa swin’wana swingana xirhendzevutani xa demolding, nkoka wa kona i wutsongo swinene, naswona switirhisiwa swin’wana swina ntsena xirhendzevutani xale handle, swi honisa xirhendzevutani xa ndzhawu yale ndzeni na timbanga tale ndzeni na ku tiyisela; Switirhisiwa swin’wana aswina xirhendzevutani nikatsongo, leswi tisaka swiphiqo eka demolding ya switirhisiwa. Endzhaku kaloko xitirhisiwa lexi xi bakiwile, kuhunguteka ka centripetal swihumelela hikokwalaho ka ku kufumela ka xitirhisiwa, leswi humesaka matimba yo khoma swinene eka core kumbe pin, leswi sivelaka ku herisiwa ka demolding. Loko demolding slope yi engeteleka, ku lwisana loku kunga hunguteka swinene, naswona swihoxo swofana naku handzula xitirhisiwa hikokwalaho ka ku pfumaleka ka xirhendzevutani na swona swinga papalatiwa. Xirhendzevutani xa demolding xi fambelana na xivumbeko na vukulu bya xiendliwa, hi ntolovelo swi kumiwa hi ndlela ya empirically, naswona xirhendzevutani xa xiendliwa xo angarhela xi le xikarhi ka 1 ° ~ 3 °.

1.2 Nkucetelo wa dizayini ya xivumbeko na vumaki eka ku humesiwa ka mold .

1.2.1 Nkucetelo wa dizayini ya xivumbeko eka ku humesiwa ka mold .

Rubber Mold i xin’wana xa switirhisiwa leswikulu swo humelerisa switirhisiwa swa rhaba, nsinya wa nawu wo tshikelela mold wunga avanyisiwa hi injection mold, die casting mold, pressing mold design is kuya hi xivumbeko, swihlawulekisi na swilaveko swa matirhiselo ya xitirhisiwa, kuya hi switirhisiwa swa rhaba leswi fanaka ku dizayina swivumbeko swotala swa swivumbeko swohambana hambana. Xivumbeko xa mold xi fambelana hiku kongoma na khwalithi ya switirhisiwa, vuhumelerisi bya kahle, ku tika ka ku lulamisiwa ka mold na vutomi bya ntirho. Hikwalaho, ndzavisiso wa xivumbeko xa xivumbeko i wa nkoka swinene. Ku tiyisisa leswaku switirhisiwa swa rhaba swina geometry leyinene xikan’we naku kongoma kokarhi ka dimensional, dizayini ya xivumbeko xa mold yifanele ku landzelela milawu leyi landzelaka:

(1) Ku tiva no twisisa ku tiya, ku hunguteka na swilaveko swa matirhiselo ya switirhisiwa leswi tirhisiwaka eka switirhisiwa swa rhaba.

(2) Tiyisisa xivumbeko na xivumbeko xa xiendliwa.

(3) Xivumbeko xa xivumbeko xi fanele xi olova naswona xi twala, ku vekiwa ka ndhawu ku fanele ku tshembeka, ku vekiwa ni ku hambanisiwa swi fanele swi olova, naswona swi fanele swi olova ku swi tirhisa.

(4) Nhlayo ya swivala swa mold yi lulamerile, leswi olovaka eka ku tirhisa michini na ku tirhisiwa ka mold, naswona swifanele ku tekela enhlokweni vuswikoti bya vuhumelerisi.

(5) Xivumbeko xifanele kuva na matimba na ku tiya loku ringaneleke, naswona xi lwela kuva xiri xintsongo hi xivumbeko, ku olova hi ntiko, swi olova ku swi lulamisa, naswona swi fambisana na maendlelo ya vuhumelerisi.

(6) Xirhendzevutana xa xivumbeko xi fanele xi olova ku xi layicha ni ku xi humesa, naswona loko xi vulcanizing, nchumu wa rhaba wu fanele wu va ni ntshikelelo lowu eneleke.

(7) Xivumbeko xi fanele xi va ni ku pakanisa ko karhi, ku hetiseka ni ku hambanisiwa loku twalaka, leswi olovaka ku swi tsema.

(8) Xivumbeko xi fanele xi va ni xirhendzevutana xa rhaba lexi tshovekeke leswaku ku olovisiwa ku basisiwa.

(9) Dizayini ya xivumbeko yi fanele ku fambisana na serialization na standardization, naswona yi lwela ku kota ku tirhisa swilo swo tala.

Kusuka eka swilaveko swa dizayini ya mold, swinga voniwa leswaku swilo leswi khumbhaka ku herisiwa ka switirhisiwa swikatsa ku tiya ka mold, demolding resistance, ejection mechanism, na swin’wana.

1.2.1.1 Ku tsana ka xivumbeko .

Swivumbeko swa rhaba hi ntolovelo swi tirhisa swivumbeko leswi hlanganisiweke, hikwalaho ku ni swilo leswi kavanyetaka ku kavanyeteka kumbe ku ringanela ka swivandla eka swivumbeko. Eka maendlelo ya vuhumelerisi, ehansi ka xiendlo xa matimba yo clamping kumbe ntshikelelo wa injection, swiphemu swa mold switala kuva na elastic deformation, naswona loko mold yi pfuriwa, ti deformations leti tita vanga ku hlangana exikarhi ka nsimbi na tinsimbi. Loko elastic rebound yiri yikulu, yita tlhela yivanga matimba ya extrusion exikarhi ka rhaba na xivumbeko xa mold, leswi sindzisaka xikarhi xa furemu kuva xiva arc, naswona nchumu wa rhaba wu humesiwa kusuka eka seam ya furemu leyi govekeke. Hikwalaho ka sweswo, ku tiya ka ku pfuleka ka xivumbeko ku andza, leswi endlaka leswaku ku va ni ku nonon’hweriwa eka ku demolding, leswi endlaka leswaku xitirhisiwa lexi xi handzuka, naswona hambi ku ri xivungu xi ta lahliwa (hi ntolovelo xitirhisiwa lexi xi ni nchumu wa marhambu ya nsimbi). Hikokwalaho, dizayini ya mold yifanele kutiyisisa leswaku swiphemu leswi vumbiweke swina ku tiya loku ringaneleke.

1.2.1.2 Ku lwisana na ku herisiwa ka swilo .

Loko xiendliwa xi herisiwa, swa laveka ku hlula ku lwisana ka mold ku pfula na ku lwisana na ejection. Vunyingi bya swihoxo swa khwalithi ya swihumelerisi leswi vangiwaka hi ku humesiwa ka mold kahle swi fambelana na leswi. Ejection resistance ngopfu ngopfu yihuma eka matimba yo khoma ya xiendliwa kuya eka core, kukatsa na matimba lawa ya vangiwaka hi shrinkage, extrusion, bonding na friction exikarhi ka rhaba na steel surfaces. Matimba lawa ya hlanganisiwa kumbe ya hlanganisiwa hi tindlela to hambana ku khumba ku humesiwa ka xitirhisiwa.

1.2.1.3 Ndlela yo humesa .

Ejection mechanism yi khumba ejection effect hiku kongoma, demoulding ejector rod hi xitalo yi vekiwa eka xiyimo xale xikarhi xa mold, naswona ndzhawu ya cross-sectional ya demoulding ejector rod ayifanelanga kuva yitsongo ngopfu, leswaku kuta sivela matimba yo tlula mpimo hi unit, swa olova ku endla ti thin products top break kumbe swihumelerisiwa hi steel skeleton deformation. Loko ku humesiwa switirhisiwa leswingana ndzhawu leyikulu na ntiko wo tika, leswaku kutava na ku hlangana loku tlulaka mpimo loku vangiwaka hi ejection action jamming kumbe ku gombonyoka ka ejector rod, mold pad yifanele kuva yi hlomisiwile hi demolding guide block ya kwalomu ka ¢100mm, kumbe kutlula set up mold ejector rod assembly, kambe yifanele ku ringanisiwa.

1.2.2 Nkucetelo wa vumaki bya mould eka ku humesiwa ka mold .

Hi nkarhi wa endlelo ro endla mold, cavity, core surface roughness, na gap ya mating surface ya insert structure swifanele ku kamberiwa hiku tiya, handle ka sweswo swita khumba ku humesiwa ka mold ya xitirhisiwa. Xivandla exikarhi ka xiengetelo na mating surface i xikulu ngopfu, rhaba yina swivumbeko swa mati loko yi hisiwa, naswona rhaba ya olova ku yi tsindziyela hi nkarhi wa maendlelo yo tata mold, yi endla flash yo tiya, leswi swi sivelaka swinene ku demolding na xivumbeko xa xiendliwa. Ku engetela kwalano, eka switirhisiwa swa deep-cavity thin-walled, loko swi humesiwa, ku endliwa vacuum ehenhla ka xiphemu na core, leswi endlaka leswaku ku va na ku nonoka eka demolding. Hikokwalaho, loko mold yi endliwa, core yifanele kuva na ti air intake holes leti faneleke kumbe core surface yiva yiri na xivumbeko xo olova (handle ko khumba khwalithi ya xitirhisiwa), leswi pfunaka ku humesa mold.

1.3 Nkucetelo wa tipharamitha ta phurosese ya vuhumelerisi eka ku humesiwa ka mold .

Ti parameters ta maendlelo ya vuhumelerisi ti fambelana na swihoxo swa khwalithi ya switirhisiwa, exikarhi ka swona ntshikelelo wa injection, ntshikelelo wa ntshikelelo wo khoma, mahiselo ya vulcanization, nhlayo ya glue, nkarhi wa vulcanization, na swin’wana na swin’wana swina nkucetelo lowukulu eka demolding. Loko ntshikelelo wa injection wuri e henhla swinene, wuta vanga elastic deformation ya swiphemu swa mold naswona swita vanga matimba ya extrusion. Loko nkarhi wo khoma wu lehe ngopfu, ntshikelelo eka xivala xa mold wu tlakuka, leswi nga ta endla leswaku matimba ya shear na ntshikelelo wa molecular orientation swi tlakuka. Hi nkarhi lowu fanaka, matimba ya ku cheriwa ka ntshikelelo wa ku khoma ya le henhla swinene naswona nkarhi wu lehe ngopfu, leswi nga ta tlhela swi vanga ku tatiwa ka endlelo, ku humesa ntshikilelo lowukulu wa le ndzeni, naswona wu tlhela wu vanga ku onhaka ka swiphemu swa xivumbeko kumbe ku vonakala exikarhi ka swiphemu swa ku hlangana, leswi endlaka leswaku ku herisiwa ka swilo swi tika swinene. Vulcanization temperature, rubber content rate, vulcanization time swi fambelana na shrinkage rate ya rubber, vulcanized rubber swa olova ku swi humesa ku vuyela eka phenomenon yosungula eka mahiselo yale henhla, shrinkage rate leyikulu ya rhaba endzhaku ka vulcanization, vice versa, small shrinkage. The higher the rubber content rate, the greater the shrinkage, the lower the rubber content, the smaller the shrinkage, the longer the vulcanization time, the greater the degree of cross-linking, the small shrinkage rate, the short vulcanization time, the small degree of crosslinking time, the shrinkage rate is large, and the shrinkage rate is large in terms of process, the shrinkage rate is large in under-vulcanization or Per-Vulcanization, naswona mpimo wa le hansi wa ku hunguteka i wukulu ntsena eka ndzhawu ya vulcanization ya kahle, naswona matimba yo khoma ya xivumbeko lexi nga na xivumbeko xo rharhangana na xivumbeko xo nghenisa na swona i swikulu, leswi nga pfuniki eka ku herisiwa ka xiendliwa.

1.4 Nkucetelo wa ndlela ya ntirho eka ku humesiwa ka mold .

Mpatswa wa swivumbeko leswi hlelekeke kahle, kufana naku tirhisa swilo swa rhaba leswi fanaka naku tirhisa ku khuluka ka phurosese yin’we, hikokwalaho ka vutshila byo hambana bya mutirhisi na maendlelo, mbuyelo wa ku humesiwa lowu kumiweke na wona wuhambanile. Hikokwalaho, swa laveka kuva u tolovelana naku tiva ndlela yo herisa ya xiendliwa leswaku uta kuma mbuyelo wa kahle wa demolding. Hi leti tindlela ti nga ri tingani leti twalaka to humesa:

(1) Manual demolding i yin’wana ya tindlela ta switirhisiwa swa rhaba swo teka switirhisiwa kusuka eka xivumbeko xa mold na mold core, leswi faneleke eka swiphemu leswintsongo swohambana hambana na switirhisiwa swa rhaba leswingana ku tiya lokukulu.

(2) Ku herisiwa ka michini hi michini swi tirhisiwa ngopfu eka swivumbeko swa ku vumba hi ku tirhisa injection, swivumbeko swa die-casting na swin’wana leswikulu swa rhaba.

(3) Ku herisiwa ka moya i ku tirhisiwa ka moya lowu tshikilelekeke kumbe khapu yo koka vacuum ku humesa switirhisiwa, xivumbeko xa yona lexikulu hi lexi: ku olovisa xivumbeko xa xivumbeko, ku pfuxeta nkarhi wo pfula na ku pfala, ku hunguta matimba ya vatirhi, na ku antswisa vuswikoti bya vuhumelerisi.

(4) Deformation demolding ngopfu ngopfu i kutirhisiwa ka elasticity xikan’we naku leha kahle ka rhaba, hiku tirhisa forced compression kumbe elongation deformation, leswaku kutava na demolding effect.

(5) Mold core demolding i ku gongondza ehandle kumbe ku tshikelela ehandle ka le xikarhi ka mold core loko u demolding, ivi u pfula mold ku demold, leswi pfunaka ku tiyisisa khwalithi ya xitirhisiwa na demolding effect.

(6) Insert demolding yi lulamerile eka leswi rharhanganeke ngopfu kumbe switirhisiwa leswi nga na swilo leswi nghenisiweke.

1.5 Nkucetelo wa ku hlayisiwa ka mold eka ku humesiwa ka mold .

Mpatswa wa swivumbeko leswi nga ni xivumbeko lexi twalaka, leswaku wu engetela vutomi bya wona bya ntirho ni ku tiyisekisa khwalithi ya swilo leswi endliweke, ku engetela eka ku tirhisiwa hi vukheta, u fanele u tlhela u nyikela nyingiso eka ku hlayisa swivungu. Endzhaku ka loko xivumbeko xi tirhisiwile, ku fanele ku kamberiwa swilo leswi landzelaka:

(1) Loko xivumbeko xi onhakile, ngopfu-ngopfu xirhendzevutana xa xivumbeko kumbe furemu ya xivumbeko. Endzhaku kaloko mold yi onhakile, aswi pfuni eka demolding ya switirhisiwa swa rhaba leswingana steel skeleton kumbe high hardness.

(2) Loko ku ri na ku ntshunxeka na ku koka misisi eka xiphemu xa ku hlangana. Ku ta va ni swivandla ni swivati ​​loko xivumbeko xi ntshunxekile naswona xi kokiwa, naswona endzhaku ka loko nchumu wa rhaba wu tsindziyerile, swa tika ku ntshunxa xivumbeko, hambi ku ri ku handzula xitirhisiwa.

(3) Loko ku vekiwa ka xiyimo ku tshembekile. Xivala xa xivumbeko hi ntolovelo xi endliwa hi tithempleyiti to tala leti hlanganisiweke, naswona ku vekiwa loku hoxeke ku ta vanga swivandla kumbe ku onhaka ka xivumbeko.

(4) Loko vuandlalo bya xirhendzevutana xa xivumbeko byi olovile naswona xiyimo xa ku thyakisa xi njhani. Endzhaku kaloko cavity ya mold yi rhurhumerile kumbe ku onhiwa, kuta endliwa friction leyikulu hinkarhi wa demolding process, leswinga pfuniki eka demolding ya xitirhisiwa.

(5) Loko switirhisiwa swa core na ejector leswi fambafambaka leswi fambafambaka eka xivumbeko swi hetisekile.

Loko ku ri na swiphiqo leswi nga laha henhla, xivumbeko xi fanele ku lunghisiwa, xi basisiwa, xi nga ha rhurhumeli, na swin’wana.

2 Switsundzuxo .

Leswi nga laha henhla swi xopaxopa nkucetelo wa swilo swo hambana eka ku herisiwa ka swihumelerisiwa, naswona swi veka emahlweni magoza yo lwisana lama fambelanaka eka xivangelo xin’wana na xin’wana lexi kucetelaka. Magoza ya xisekelo yo papalata ku humesiwa ka mold hi ndlela yo biha ya nga vila ku ya fika eka:

(1) Xivumbeko xa xiendliwa xa olova ku xi herisa, naswona ku fanele ku va na xirhendzevutani xo enela lexi eneleke.

(2) Xivumbeko xa xivumbeko xa kona xa twala, naswona ku tsana ka xivumbeko ku antswisiwile hilaha swi nga kotekaka hakona.

(3) Ku kumisisa hi ndlela leyi twalaka tipharamitha ta phurosese ya vuhumelerisi.

(4) Ku antswisa xiyimo xa matirhelo ya vatirhi.

(5) Nyikela nyingiso eka ku hlayisa muxaka wa mould.

(6) Pfuxeta ku hlangana ni ku tirhisa xiaki lexi faneleke xo humesa mold.

(7) Hlawula fomula ya viscosity leyi twalaka no faneleka.