Kazhinji kutaura, zvigadzirwa zverabha zvakaumbwa zvinofanirwa kuumbwa kuburikidza neinowirirana mold yekuumba kugadzirwa, chigadzirwa cherabha mushure mekupisa kwepamusoro, kudzvanywa kwemhepo, kubva mugomba remuvhu kana mold core inowanzo zivikanwa sekuburitswa kwe mold. Kudzikisira kwakashata ndicho chimwe chezvikonzero zvakakosha zvekukanganisa kwemhando yezvigadzirwa zverabha uye kukanganisa kwekugadzira. Inogona kukonzera kuremara senge kukanganisa uye kubvaruka kwezvikamu, uye zvimwe zvinotokuvadza mold, zvichiunza dambudziko pakugadzirwa kwakajairwa. Kudzidza zvinhu zvisingafadzi zvinokanganisa kuderedzwa kwezvigadzirwa zverabha kwakakosha zvikuru kuve nechokwadi chemhando yezvigadzirwa, kudzivirira kukanganisa, kudzivirira zvimedu, uye kuvandudza kugadzirwa kwakanaka.
1. Zvinhu zvinokanganisa kuderedzwa kwezvigadzirwa zverabha
Kusadzika zvakanaka kwezvigadzirwa zverabha zvinonyanya kureva kuti kana chigadzirwa chabviswa, hachikwanise kudonha zvakanaka. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nezvakawanda zvinopesvedzera zvinhu, izvi zvinhu zvakaoma zvine chekuita nemumwe, uye chiyero chesimba uye kutaura kwakasiyana, kunyanya kusanganisira rabha chigadzirwa dhizaini, mold dhizaini uye kugadzira, maitiro ekugadzira, maitiro ekushanda, kugadzirisa mold, nezvimwe.
1.1 Pesvedzero yerabha chigadzirwa dhizaini pakuburitswa kwe mold
Dhizaini yezvigadzirwa zverabha inokanganisa zvakananga kuburitswa kwezvigadzirwa, saka dhizaini yezvigadzirwa inofanira kusangana nezvinodiwa zvekudzikisa zviri nyore zvigadzirwa. Chinhu chikuru chinokanganisa dhizaini mukugadzirwa kwechigadzirwa kutsetseka, kuitira kuti uvhure mold uye kubvisa chigadzirwa, mukati uye kunze kwekunze kweiyo vertical parting surface kunofanirwa kupihwa yakakwana yekudzikisa slope. Kunyange zvazvo zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvine kutsetseka kwekudzikisa, kukosha kwacho kuduku, uye zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvine chete kutsetseka kwekunze kwekunze, kusazvidza kutsetseka kwemukati wemukati uye mukati membabvu uye kutsungirira; Zvimwe zvigadzirwa hazvina kutsetseka zvachose, izvo zvinounza kuomerwa kudhizaini yechigadzirwa. Mushure mekunge chigadzirwa chabikwa, iyo centripetal shrinkage inoitika nekuda kwekutonhora kwechigadzirwa, icho chinoburitsa simba rakakura rekubata pane core kana pini, izvo zvinotadzisa kudhirowa. Kana iyo dhizaini yakawedzera, kushomeka uku kunogona kuderedzwa zvakanyanya, uye kukanganisa kwakadai sekubvarura kwechigadzirwa nekuda kwekushaikwa kwemateru kunogona kudzivirirwa. Iyo yekumisikidza yakatsetseka ine hukama nechimiro uye ukobvu hwechigadzirwa, kazhinji chinotemerwa empirically, uye kutsetseka kwechigadzirwa chakazara kuri pakati pe1 ° ~ 3 °.
1.2 Kupesvedzera kwekugadzira mold uye kugadzira pakuburitswa kwe mold
1.2.1 Pesvedzero yekugadzira mold pakuburitswa kwe mold
Rubber mold ndeimwe yemidziyo mikuru yekugadzira zvigadzirwa zverabha, mold inotsikirira musimboti inogona kukamurwa kuita jekiseni mold, kufa kukanda mold, kudzvanya mold dhizaini inoenderana nechimiro, maitiro uye mashandisiro echigadzirwa, zvinoenderana neamwechete zvigadzirwa zverabha kugadzira akawanda molds ezvimiro zvakasiyana. Iyo mold chimiro chakanangana nemhando yezvigadzirwa, kugona kwekugadzira, kuoma kwekugadzira mold uye hupenyu hwebasa. Naizvozvo, mold chimiro dhizaini yekutsvaga yakakosha. Kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti zvigadzirwa zverabha zvine geometry chaiyo uye humwe hunhu hwemadimensional, mold chimiro dhizaini inofanirwa kutevedzera zvinotevera misimboti:
(1) Tenzi uye unzwisise kuoma, shrinkage uye kushandisa zvinodiwa zvezvinhu zvinoshandiswa muzvigadzirwa zverabha.
(2) Ita shuwa chimiro uye contour yechigadzirwa.
(3) Chimiro che mold chinofanira kunge chiri nyore uye chinonzwisisika, nzvimbo yacho inofanira kuva yakavimbika, kuisa uye disassembly inofanira kuva nyore, uye inofanira kuva nyore kushanda.
(4) Huwandu hwemagodhi eforoma hwakakodzera, hwakanakira machining uye mold kushandiswa, uye inofanirwa kutarisisa kugona kwekugadzira.
(5) Iyo mold inofanira kuva nesimba rakakwana uye kuoma, uye kuedza kuva diki muchimiro, chiedza muhuremu, nyore kugadzirisa, uye maererano nekugadzirwa kwekugadzira.
(6) Iyo mold mhango inofanirwa kurodha nekuburitsa chigadzirwa, uye kana vulcanization, zvinhu zverabha zvinofanirwa kuve nekumanikidza kwakakwana.
(7) Iyo mold inofanira kuva nehumwe huchokwadi, kupera uye inonzwisisika yekuparadzanisa nzvimbo, iri nyore kucheka.
(8) Mold inofanira kunge iine rabha groove yakatsemuka kuti ifambise kuchenesa.
(9) Iyo mold dhizaini inofanirwa kuenderana neserialization uye kumira, uye kuyedza kuita zvakanaka zvakasiyana-siyana.
Kubva pane zvinodikanwa zvekugadzira mold, zvinogona kuoneka kuti zvinhu zvinokanganisa kugadzirwa kwezvigadzirwa zvinosanganisira kuoma kwe mold, dhizaini kuramba, ejection mechanism, nezvimwe.
1.2.1.1 Kuoma kweMold
Zviumbwa zverabha zvinowanzo shandisa mold dzakasanganiswa, saka pane kupindirana kunokwana kana gap rinokwana muzviumbwa. Mukuita kwekugadzira, pasi pekuita kwesimba rekumanikidza kana kudzvanywa kwejekiseni, mold zvikamu zvinowanzoita elastic deformation, uye kana mold ikavhurwa, izvi zvinokanganisa zvinokonzeresa kupokana pakati pesimbi nesimbi. Kana iyo elastic rebound yakakura, inokonzeresa extrusion simba pakati perabha uye mold pamusoro, ichimanikidza pakati pefuremu kuti ive arc, uye zvinhu zverabha zvinoburitswa kubva kune yakakomberedzwa furemu seam. Nekuda kweizvozvo, iyo mold kuvhura kuramba kunowedzera, zvichikonzera kuomerwa mukudhirowa, zvichiita kuti chigadzirwa kubvaruke, uye kunyangwe mold kuti iraswe (kazhinji chigadzirwa chine simbi skeleton material). Naizvozvo, kugadzira mold kunofanirwa kuve nechokwadi chekuti zvikamu zvakaumbwa zvine kusimba kwakakwana.
1.2.1.2 Demolding resistance
Kana chigadzirwa chacho chagadziriswa, zvinodikanwa kukunda mold kuvhura kuramba uye ejection kuramba. Zvizhinji zvehurema hwechigadzirwa hunokonzerwa nekusakwana kusunungurwa kwe mold kune hukama neizvi. Iyo ejection resistance inonyanya kubva pakubata kwechigadzirwa kusvika pakati, kusanganisira simba rinokonzerwa nekuderera, extrusion, bonding uye kukweshana pakati perubha nesimbi. Aya masimba anogona kuwedzera kana kusanganiswa nenzira dzakasiyana kukanganisa kuburitswa kwechigadzirwa.
1.2.1.3 Ejection mechanism
Iyo ejection mechanic inobata zvakananga ejection mhedzisiro, iyo inodhirowa ejector tsvimbo inowanzoiswa munzvimbo yepakati ye mold, uye iyo yepakati-chikamu nharaunda yedemoulding ejector tsvimbo haifanirwe kunge iri diki, kuitira kudzivirira yakawandisa simba pane imwe unit nzvimbo, zviri nyore kugadzira zvigadzirwa zvakatetepa kumusoro kuputsa kana zvigadzirwa zvine simbi skeleton deformation. Paunenge uchigadzira zvigadzirwa zvine nzvimbo yakakura uye huremu hunorema, kuitira kudzivirira kukweshera kwakanyanya kunokonzerwa neiyo ejection chiito jamming kana kukotama kweiyo ejector tsvimbo, mold pad inofanirwa kuve neyakagadzirirwa dhizaini dhizaini inosvika ¢ 100mm, kana kupfuura kumisikidza mold ejector rod assembly, asi inoda kuenzana.
1.2.2 Kurudziro yekugadzira mold pakuburitswa kwe mold
Munguva yekugadzira mold, iyo mhango, core surface roughness, uye gaka reiyo yekubatanidza pamusoro peiyo yekuisa chimiro inofanira kunyatsotariswa, zvikasadaro ichakanganisa kuburitswa kwechigadzirwa. Mukaha uripo pakati pekupinza nepamusoro pemating wakakurisa, rabha rine zvimiro zvemvura kana yapiswa, uye rabha iri nyore kudzvanya panguva yekuzadza mold, ichigadzira gobvu kupenya, kunotadzisa zvakanyanya kudhirowa uye kutaridzika kwechigadzirwa. Mukuwedzera, kune yakadzika-cavity yakatetepa-yalled zvigadzirwa, kana yabviswa, vacuum inoumbwa pamusoro pechikamu nechepakati, zvichiita kuti kuomerwe mukudzikisa. Naizvozvo, kana mold ichigadzirwa, musimboti unofanirwa kunge uine makomba akakodzera ekupinda mhepo kana iyo yepakati pepamusoro yakashata (pasina kukanganisa kunaka kwechigadzirwa), izvo zvinoita kuti mold isunungurwe.
1.3 Iyo pesvedzero yekugadzirwa kwemaitiro paramita pakuburitswa kwe mold
Iyo dhizaini maitiro maparamendi ane hukama nehurema hwemhando yezvigadzirwa, pakati peiyo kudzvanywa kwejekiseni, kubata kudzvanywa, tembiricha yevulcanization, glue yemukati, vulcanization nguva, nezvimwe zvine simba guru pakudzikisira. Kana iyo jekiseni yekumanikidza yakawandisa, inokonzeresa elastic deformation yezvikamu zve mold uye kukonzera extrusion simba. Kana iyo nguva yekubata yakarebesa, kudzvanywa mu mold cavity kunowedzera, izvo zvichaita kuti shear simba uye molecular orientation stress iwedzere. Panguva imwecheteyo, iyo yekubata yekumanikidza jekiseni simba yakakwira zvakanyanya uye nguva yakarebesa, izvo zvinozokonzeresa kuzadza nzira, kuburitsa kushushikana kukuru kwemukati, uye zvakare kukonzera deformation yezvikamu zve mold kana kupenya pakati penzvimbo dzekubatana, zvichiita kuti kudhiza kuome. Vulcanization tembiricha, rabha yemukati mwero, vulcanization nguva ine hukama neiyo shrinkage rate yerabha, vulcanized rabha iri nyore kuburitsa kudzoka kune yekutanga chiitiko pakupisa kwakanyanya, yakakura shrinkage rate yerabha mushure mekuvhiyiwa, zvinopesana, diki shrinkage. Iyo yakakwirira yehuwandu hwehuwandu hwerabha, iyo yakakura shrinkage, yakaderera iyo yemukati yerabha, iyo idiki iyo shrinkage, iyo yakareba nguva yevulcanization, yakakura dhigirii yekubatanidza-yakabatana, diki shrinkage rate, ipfupi vulcanization nguva, diki dhigirii yenguva yekuyambuka, shrinkage rate yakakura, uye shrinkage yechiyero, chiyero cheiyo shrinkage yakakura muchikamu kana shrinkage chiyero chakakura. per-vulcanization, uye iyo shoma shrinkage rate yakakura chete payakanaka vulcanization point, uye simba rekubata re mold ine yakaoma core uye yekuisa chimiro zvakare yakakura, iyo isingakodzeri kuderedzwa kwechigadzirwa.
1.4 Kupesvedzera nzira yekushanda pakuburitswa kwe mold
Peya yemhando yakanyatso kurongeka, sekushandisa iyo yakafanana rabha zvinhu uye kushandisa imwechete nzira kuyerera, nekuda kweakasiyana opareta hunyanzvi uye nzira, kuburitsa mhedzisiro yakawanikwa kwakasiyanawo. Naizvozvo, zvinodikanwa kujairana uye kugona nzira yekudzikisa yechigadzirwa kuitira kuti uwane yakanaka yekudzikisa maitiro. Heano maitiro mashoma anonzwisisika ekuburitsa:
(1) Kudhiza nemaoko ndiyo imwe yenzira dzekuti zvigadzirwa zverabha zvibudise zvigadzirwa kubva mugomba rekuumbwa uye mold core, iyo inokodzera zvikamu zvidiki zvakasiyana uye zvigadzirwa zverabha zvine kuomarara kwakanyanya.
(2) Mechanical dhizaini inonyanya kushandiswa kugadzira majekiseni mold, kufa-casting mold uye zvimwe zvakakura zvigadzirwa zverabha.
(3) Kudhiza mhepo ndiko kushandiswa kwemhepo yakamanikidzwa kana vacuum yekusveta kapu kuti ibudise zvigadzirwa, hukuru hwayo hukuru ndeiyi: kurerutsa chimiro chekuumbwa, kupfupisa kuvhura nekuvhara nguva, kuderedza kuwanda kwevashandi, uye kunatsiridza kugadzirwa kwakanaka.
(4) Deformation dhizaini inonyanya kushandisa elasticity uye yakanaka elongation yerabha, uchishandisa kumanikidza kumanikidza kana elongation deformation, kuti uwane iyo yekudzikisa.
(5) Mold core dhizaini ndeyekugogodza kunze kana kudzvanya kunze kwepakati mold core kana uchidhiza, uye wozovhura mold kuti iumbe, izvo zvinoita kuti ive nechokwadi chemhando yechigadzirwa uye kudhiza.
(6) Insert demolding inokodzera zvakanyanya kuomarara kana zvigadzirwa zvine zvinoiswa.
1.5 Kupesvedzera kwekugadzirisa mold pakuburitswa kwe mold
Peya ye mold ine inonzwisisika chimiro, kuitira kuti iwedzere hupenyu hwayo hwesevhisi uye kuve nechokwadi chemhando yechigadzirwa, kunze kwekushandisa nekuchenjerera, iwe unofanirwawo kutarisisa kugadzirisa mold. Mushure mekushandisa mold, zvinotevera zvinhu zvinofanirwa kuongororwa:
(1) Kunyangwe mold yakaremara, kunyanya mhango yeforoma kana furemu. Mushure mekunge mold yaremara, haikodzeri kugadzirwa kwezvigadzirwa zverabha nesimbi skeleton kana kuomarara kwakanyanya.
(2) Kana paine kusunungurwa uye kudhonzwa kwebvudzi muchikamu chekusangana. Pachave nepakaputsika uye zviratidzo kana mold yakasununguka uye yakadhonzwa, uye mushure mokunge zvinhu zverubha zvasvinwa, zvakaoma kusunungura mold, uye kunyange kubvarura chigadzirwa.
(3) Kana nzvimbo yacho yakavimbika. Iyo mold cavity inowanzo gadzirwa akawanda matemplate akaiswa pamwechete, uye zvisizvo zvimisikidzo zvinokonzeresa mapundu kana deformation ye mold.
4 Mushure mekunge mold mhango yaitwa ngura kana kusvibiswa, kukwesha kukuru kunogadzirwa panguva yekudhirowa, izvo zvisingakodzeri kugadzirwa kwechigadzirwa.
(5) Kunyangwe iyo inofambiswa inofananidzira musimboti uye ejector accessories mu mold yakakwana.
Kana pane matambudziko ari pamusoro apa, mold inofanira kugadziriswa, kucheneswa, kushaya ngura, nezvimwewo.
2 Kungwarira
Izvo zviri pamusoro zvinoongorora pesvedzero yezvakasiyana zvinhu pakuderedzwa kwezvigadzirwa, uye inoisa pamberi inoenderana nhanho dzekupikisa kune chimwe nechimwe chinofurira chinhu. Matanho akakosha ekudzivirira kuburitswa kwakashata kwe mold anogona kubikwa kusvika ku:
(1) Mamiriro echigadzirwa ari nyore kugadzirwa, uye panofanirwa kuve nemateru akakwana ekudzikisa.
(2) Chimiro che mold chinonzwisisika, uye kuoma kwe mold kunovandudzwa zvakanyanya sezvinobvira.
(3) Zvinonzwisisika sarudza magadzirirwo maitiro paramita.
(4) Kuvandudza kushanda kwevashandi.
(5) Ngwarira kuchengetedza mold.
(6) Deredza kupokana uye shandisa yakakodzera mold kuburitsa mumiririri.
(7) Sarudza inonzwisisika uye yakakodzera viscosity formula.
