Kuvanga reberi ni ugukwirakwiza ibice bitandukanye bingana muri reberi hifashishijwe imbaraga zumukanishi wimashini ikora reberi, kugirango habeho sisitemu yo gukwirakwiza ibyiciro byinshi hamwe na reberi nkibiciriritse cyangwa uruvange rwa reberi hamwe nibice bimwe bihuye (bihuza agent, izindi polymers) nkibikoresho bihuza (nkibikoresho byuzuza ifu, okiside ya zinc, pigment, nibindi) nkibice bitatanye. inzira. Ibisabwa bya tekiniki byihariye byuburyo bwo guhuza ni: gutatanya kimwe cyumubumbyi, kugirango ikwirakwizwa ryiza ryumubumbyi, cyane cyane ibikoresho byongera imbaraga nka karubone yumukara, bigerwaho kugirango reberi ikore neza. Rubber yavuyemo yitwa 'guhuza reberi ' kandi ubuziranenge bwayo bugira uruhare runini mugutunganya no gutunganya ibicuruzwa.
1 - Guteranya neoprene
Neoprene nuburyo bwa emulion polymerisation yumusaruro, inzira yumusaruro ahanini ni keteti imwe rimwe na rimwe polymerisation. Ubushyuhe bwa polymerisation bugenzurwa cyane kuri 40-60 ℃, naho igipimo cyo guhinduka ni 90%. Ubushyuhe bwa polymerisiyonike, igipimo cyanyuma cyo guhinduka ni kinini cyane cyangwa polymerisiyasi mu kirere bizatuma igabanuka ryibicuruzwa. Ubwinshi bwa molekile bugereranijwe na sisitemu ya sulfur-kiuram (tetraalkylmethylaminothiocarbonyldisulfide) mubikorwa. Ingaruka nyamukuru ya sisitemu ya sulfure-kiuram ni ukutagira umutekano uhamye wa sulfure, iyi ikaba ari imwe mu mpamvu zingenzi zibika ububiko. Niba misile igereranijwe ihinduwe na thiol irashobora kunoza imikorere. Neoprene itandukanye na reberi rusange yubukorikori, ntabwo ikoresha ibirunga bya sulfuru, ariko hamwe na okiside ya zinc, oxyde ya magnesium, nibindi.
Imikorere yo gutunganya neoprene iterwa nimyitwarire ya viscoelastic ya reberi itavanze, kandi imyitwarire yayo ya viscoelastic ifitanye isano na neoprene nubushyuhe butandukanye. Nkuko kuvanga bikorwa muri rusange muburyo bwa elastike kugirango ukoreshe imbaraga zogosha za elastique ya reberi kugirango wuzuze neza. Kubwibyo, kugirango wirinde ingaruka zubushyuhe bwo hejuru mugihe cyo kuvanga neoprene, uwuzuza agomba kongerwamo hakiri kare bishoboka kugirango agere kurwego runaka rwo kuvanga muri elastique. Iyo uvanze no gutunganya neza, G-neoprene yunvikana nimpinduka zubushyuhe, kandi ubushyuhe bwikirenga burenga 70 ℃, bizaba bifatanye cyane, kandi biri mumiterere yimitsi, kandi uwuzuza ntabwo byoroshye gutatanya. Iyo kuvanga nubushakashatsi bwuzuye, ubushobozi bwabwo bugomba kugabanywa muburyo bukwiye, ibintu rusange byuzuza 0,6 birakwiye, mubisanzwe bigabanijwemo kabiri kuvanga, kugirango hagabanuke ubushyuhe bwo kuvanga. Ubushyuhe bwo gusohora bugomba kuba munsi ya 100 ℃.
Neoprene mu gukoresha imashini ifunguye ivanga ibibi ni ubushyuhe ni bunini, byoroshye gukomera ku muzingo, byoroshye gutwika, hamwe no gukwirakwiza abakozi bitinda, bityo ubushyuhe bwo kuvanga ntibukwiye kuba hejuru cyane, ubushobozi bugomba kuba buto, igipimo cy’umuvuduko ntikigomba kuba kinini. Bitewe no kumva neza ubushyuhe, rusange-intego-ya neoprene ku bushyuhe bwicyumba kugeza kuri 71 ℃, bizerekana uko ingano ihagaze, muri iki gihe guhuriza hamwe kwa reberi mbisi biracika intege, ntabwo ari ibizunguruka bikomeye gusa, hamwe no gukwirakwiza abakozi nabyo bizagorana cyane. Ubushyuhe bwa leta ya elastike ya neoprene itagengwa na sulfure iri munsi ya 79 ℃, bityo rero uburyo bwo kuvanga imikorere nibyiza kuruta kugenzurwa na sulfure, kandi imyumvire yo kuzunguruka no gutwika ni nto. Gupfukama hamwe n'imashini ifunguye, kugirango wirinde kuzunguruka, ubushyuhe bwumuzingo bugenzurwa kuri 40 ~ 50 ℃ cyangwa munsi yayo (umuzingo w'imbere ni 5 ~ 10 ℃ munsi yubushyuhe bwinyuma), naho muri reberi mbisi ikata, intera izunguruka igomba guhinduka buhoro buhoro kuva kuri nini kugeza kuri nto. Iyo uvanze, banza ushyiremo aside ya magnesium oxyde kugirango wirinde gucana, hanyuma wongereho okiside ya zinc. Kugirango ugabanye ubushyuhe buvanze, karubone yumukara nuworohereza amazi birashobora kongerwaho mubice bitandukanye. Acide Stearic n'ibishashara bya paraffine hamwe nibindi bikoresho bifasha gukora birashobora gukwirakwira buhoro buhoro, kugirango bifashe gutatanya, ariko no gukumira ibizunguruka. Rubber igenzurwa na chloroprene reberi mugihe cyo kuvanga ifungura muri rusange ni 30% kugeza kuri 50% kurenza reberi karemano, igihe cyo kuvanga kitagengwa na sulferi gishobora kuba kigufi hafi 20% ugereranije na sulferi. Kugirango wirinde neoprene mumashini ivanga mugukingura ubushyuhe kuzamuka byihuse, igipimo cyihuta kiri munsi ya 1: 1.2 hepfo, ingaruka zo gukonja zizaba nziza. Kugabanya ubushobozi bwo gutunganya nuburyo bwo kurinda umutekano wibikorwa no gutatana neza. Kugeza ubu, amashanyarazi yo mu rugo agengwa na neoprene reberi yo gutunganya kurusha reberi karemano igomba kuba munsi ya 20% kugeza 30%, kugirango ikore bisanzwe. Nka neoprene yoroshye gutwika, niko mugukoresha imashini itunganya imashini ivanze ikoreshwa muburyo bubiri bwo kuvanga. Ubushyuhe bwo kuvanga bugomba kuba hasi (ubushuhe bwo gusohora bugenzurwa munsi ya 100 ℃), ubushobozi bwo gupakira buri munsi yubwa reberi karemano (ibintu bifatika bifatwa nka 0.50 ~ 0.55), na okiside ya zinc yongerwa mubinyamakuru mugice cya kabiri cyo kuvanga. Kubibazo bivanga kuvanga chloroprene byoroshye gutwika kandi bigoye gutatanya, Leena itunganya imashini ifata rotor yateye imbere cyane yimpeta enye zikoresha icyerekezo kimwe, ihujwe na 'X ' umurongo ugenda hejuru ya bolt yo hejuru hejuru yuwutunganya, hamwe ningaruka nziza zo gukwirakwiza hamwe nigihe gito, bishobora kugabanya neza ibintu byo gutwika bya chloroprene.
2 - Guteranya etylene propylene rubber
Ibikoresho bya Ethylene propylene birashobora kandi gutunganywa nibikoresho bisanzwe byo gutunganya reberi, ariko kubera ko ingaruka za plastike ya etilene propylene reberi ikennye cyane, kubura ubukonje, reberi ntabwo byoroshye gupfundika umuzingo, mubisanzwe ubanza ukoreshe ikibiriti gifunganye, kugirango ukore urupapuro rukomeza hanyuma wongere ikibanza cyo kuzunguruka kugirango uvange gutunganya. Ubushyuhe bwo kuzunguruka kumuzingo w'imbere 50 ~ 60 ℃, nyuma yumuzingo 60 ~ 70 ℃ birakwiye. Gahunda yo kugaburira EPDM muri rusange ni: reberi mbisi itwikiriye umuzingo-1/2 karubone umukara-1/2 karubone umukara-stearic aside-zinc oxyde (cyangwa okiside ya magnesium) -promoter-crosslinker -Urupapuro, urupapuro rwo hasi. Ibikoresho bya Ethylene propylene ntabwo byoroshye gutunganywa mugihe bivanze, kandi uruganda ruratatanye, ariko umutungo wo kwifata ni muke. Ibikoresho bya reberi ya Ethylene-propylene ivanze na refineri ifunguye, mubisanzwe ubanze ukoreshe akanya gato ko kuzunguruka kugirango ukomeze nyuma yumuzingo, hanyuma uhindure buhoro buhoro umwanya wo kuzunguruka, ongeramo ibice, ubushyuhe bwumuzingo uri hagati ya 60 ~ 70 ℃. Ubushyuhe bwo kuvanga ni 150 ～ 160 ℃, bushobora gufasha gukwirakwiza kuzuza no koroshya no kunoza imiterere yubukanishi. Ubushobozi bwo gupakira burashobora kuba 10% ~ 15% kurenza ibindi bikoresho bya reberi.
3- Guteranya fluoroelastomer
Fluorine rubber Menny viscosity ni ndende, ikomeye, kubyara ubushyuhe bwo guterana, kuvanga muri rusange no gutunganya biragoye. Iyo uvanze reberi ya fluor kumashini itunganya, kugeza intera ntoya, ubushobozi buke, kugenzura ubushyuhe bwa 50 ~ 60 ℃. Kuvanga biratangira, banza utume umuzingo ukonjesha, ongeramo reberi mbisi yoroheje inshuro zigera ku 10 kugirango ukore reberi imwe, hanyuma uhindure umwanya wo kuzigama kugirango ugumane akantu gato ka reberi, hanyuma wongereho ibikoresho, kuvanga igihe ntabwo bisobanuwe neza, ariko bisaba byihuse bishoboka. Fluorine rubber biragoye gukoresha kuvanga imashini ivanga, ariko ubwoko bwa meshing bwo kuvanga imashini ikonjesha imashini irakomeye, urashobora kuvanga reberi ya fluor. Rubber ivanze igomba guhagarikwa mumasaha 24 mbere yo kuyikoresha, kandi igomba gutunganywa mbere yo kuyikoresha kugirango uruganda rutatanye neza kandi rutezimbere kandi rwifata neza.
