Kusakaniza mphira ndi kumwaza mankhwala osiyanasiyana wogawana mu mphira mothandizidwa ndi makina mphamvu ya mphira kupanga makina, kuti apange Mipikisano gawo colloidal dispersion dongosolo ndi mphira monga sing'anga kapena osakaniza mphira ndi zigawo zina zogwirizana (wofananira wothandizila, ma polima ena) monga sing'anga, ndi zosagwirizana wofananira wothandizila (monga phala oxide, etc. ndondomeko. Zomwe zimafunikira luso lachidziwitso chophatikizira ndi: kufalikira kwa yunifolomu kwa mphira wophatikizira, kotero kuti kubalalitsidwa kwabwino kwa ophatikizana, makamaka kulimbikitsa kuphatikizira monga mpweya wakuda, kumatheka kuonetsetsa kuti mphira imagwira ntchito mokhazikika. Rabara yomwe yatulukayo imatchedwa 'compounding rabara' ndipo ubwino wake umakhala ndi chikoka pakukonzekera kupitilira ndi mtundu wazinthu.
1 - Kuphatikiza kwa neoprene
Neoprene ndi emulsion polymerization njira kupanga, kupanga ndondomeko makamaka limodzi ketulo intermittent polymerization. Kutentha kwa polymerization kumayendetsedwa pa 40-60 ℃, ndipo kutembenuka kumakhala pafupifupi 90%. Kutentha kwa ma polymerization, kutembenuka komaliza kumakhala kokwera kwambiri kapena njira yopangira ma polymerization mumlengalenga idzapangitsa kuchepa kwa zinthu. Mamolekyu ocheperako amayendetsedwa ndi sulfure-kiuram (tetraalkylmethylaminothiocarbonyldisulfide) popanga. Choyipa chachikulu cha dongosolo la sulfure-kiuram ndi kusowa kwa kukhazikika kwa zomangira za sulfure, chomwe ndi chimodzi mwa zifukwa zofunika kwambiri zosungirako. Ngati wachibale molecular misa kusinthidwa ndi thiol akhoza kusintha izi. Neoprene ndi wosiyana ndi ambiri kupanga mphira, si ntchito sulfure vulcanization, koma ndi nthaka okusayidi, magnesium okusayidi, etc. vulcanization.
Kukonzekera kwa neoprene kumadalira khalidwe la viscoelastic la mphira wosatulutsidwa, ndipo khalidwe lake la viscoelastic limagwirizana ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya neoprene ndi kutentha. Monga kusanganikirana ikuchitika mu dziko zotanuka kupanga ntchito kukameta ubweya mphamvu ya zotanuka boma la mphira kupanga filler bwino omwazika. Chifukwa chake, kuti mupewe chikoka cha kutentha kwambiri mukasakaniza neoprene, chodzazacho chiyenera kuwonjezeredwa mwachangu kuti mukwaniritse kusakanikirana kwina mu zotanuka. Mukasakanikirana ndi choyenga chotseguka, mtundu wa G-neoprene umakhudzidwa ndi kusintha kwa kutentha, ndipo kutentha kwa mpukutu kumapitilira 70 ℃, kumakhala mipukutu yomata kwambiri, ndipo kumakhala koyenda bwino, ndipo chodzaza sichosavuta kubalalika. Mukasakaniza ndi choyenga chowawa kwambiri, mphamvu yake iyenera kuchepetsedwa moyenera, kudzaza kwathunthu kwa 0,6 ndikoyenera, komwe kumagawika kuwiri kusakaniza, kuti muchepetse kutentha kosakanikirana. Kutentha kotulutsa kuyenera kukhala kochepa kuposa 100 ℃.
Neoprene mu ntchito lotseguka makina kusanganikirana kuipa ndi kutentha ndi lalikulu, zosavuta kumamatira odzigudubuza, zosavuta kutentha, ndi wothandizila kubalalitsidwa ndi wodekha, kotero kutentha kusakaniza sayenera kukhala okwera kwambiri, mphamvu ayenera kukhala yaing'ono, wodzigudubuza liwiro chiŵerengero sayenera kukhala lalikulu. Chifukwa tilinazo amphamvu kutentha, ambiri cholinga neoprene kutentha firiji kwa 71 ℃, izo kusonyeza boma tirigu, pa nthawi iyi kugwirizana yaiwisi mphira ndi wofooka, osati kwambiri zomata odzigudubuza, ndi wothandizila kubalalitsidwa kudzakhalanso kovuta kwambiri. Kutentha kwamtundu wa neoprene wosagwirizana ndi sulfure ndi pansi pa 79 ℃, kotero kuti kusakaniza kumagwira ntchito bwino kusiyana ndi sulfure, ndipo chizolowezi cha zodzigudubuza ndi zotentha ndizochepa. Kukandira ndi makina otseguka, pofuna kupewa zodzigudubuza zomata, kutentha kwa mpukutuwo kumayendetsedwa pa 40 ~ 50 ℃ kapena kuchepera (kutsogolo mpukutu ndi 5 ~ 10 ℃ m'munsi kuposa kutentha kwa mpukutu wakumbuyo), ndi kupondola mphira yaiwisi, mtunda wa mpukutuwo uyenera kusinthidwa pang'onopang'ono kuchokera ku zazikulu mpaka zazing'ono. Mukasakaniza, choyamba onjezerani asidi woyamwitsa magnesium oxide kuti musapse, ndipo pamapeto pake yikani zinc oxide. Pofuna kuchepetsa kutentha kosakanizika, zofewa za kaboni zakuda ndi zamadzimadzi zitha kuwonjezeredwa m'magulu osiyanasiyana. Asidi wa stearic ndi paraffin sera ndi zida zina zogwirira ntchito zitha kumwazikana pang'onopang'ono kuwonjezera, kuti zithandizire kubalalitsidwa, komanso kupewa zodzigudubuza zomata. Rabara ya sulfure yoyendetsedwa ndi chloroprene mu nthawi yosanganikirana yotsegulira nthawi zambiri imakhala yotalikirapo 30% mpaka 50% kuposa mphira wachilengedwe, nthawi yosakanikira yopanda sulfure imatha kukhala yofupikitsa 20% kuposa momwe amayendera sulfure. Pofuna kupewa neoprene mu makina osakaniza pakutsegula kwa kutentha kwachangu kwambiri, liwiro la liwiro ndilochepera 1: 1.2 pansipa, kuzizira kudzakhala bwino. Kuchepetsa mphamvu yoyenga ndi njira yowonetsetsera chitetezo chogwira ntchito komanso kubalalitsidwa kwabwino. Pakalipano, mphamvu yoyenga mphira ya sulfure yoyendetsedwa ndi neoprene kuposa mphira wachilengedwe iyenera kukhala yochepera 20% mpaka 30%, kuti igwire ntchito bwino. Monga neoprene ndi yosavuta kuyaka, kotero pogwiritsira ntchito makina oyenga wandiweyani nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu njira ziwiri zosakaniza. Kutentha kosakanikirana kuyenera kukhala kocheperako (kutentha kotulutsa nthawi zambiri kumayendetsedwa pansi pa 100 ℃), mphamvu yonyamula ndi yotsika kuposa ya mphira wachilengedwe (chinthu champhamvu chimatengedwa ngati 0.50 ~ 0.55), ndipo okusayidi ya zinc imawonjezedwa ku atolankhani mu gawo lachiwiri losakanikirana. Pakuti vuto kuti chloroprene mphira kusanganikirana n'zosavuta kuwotcha ndi zovuta kumwazikana, Leena woyenga utenga apamwamba kwambiri anayi mphete iwiri yozungulira kuthamanga mu njira yomweyo, pamodzi ndi 'X' pamapindikira kayendedwe ka bawuti pamwamba pa woyenga, ndi zotsatira zabwino kubalalitsidwa ndi nthawi yochepa, amene angathe kuchepetsa wotentha chodabwitsa kusakaniza chodabwitsa mphira mphira.
2 - Kuphatikizika kwa mphira wa ethylene propylene
Ethylene propylene mphira akhoza kukonzedwa ndi zida wamba kuyenga mphira, koma chifukwa plasticizing zotsatira za ethylene propylene mphira makamaka osauka, kusowa mamasukidwe akayendedwe, mphira n'kosavuta kukulunga mpukutuwo, zambiri choyamba ntchito yopapatiza mpukutu phula, kupanga pepala mosalekeza ndiyeno kukulitsa mpukutu phula kusakaniza processing. Pereka kutentha kwa kutsogolo mpukutu 50 ~ 60 ℃, pambuyo mpukutu 60 ~ 70 ℃ ndi yoyenera. EPDM kudyetsa mphira dongosolo zambiri: yaiwisi mphira chivundikiro-1/2 mpweya wakuda-1/2 mpweya wakuda-stearic asidi-zinki okusayidi (kapena magnesium okusayidi) -promoter-crosslinker - Thin pass, m'munsi pepala. Ethylene propylene rabara sakhala woyengedwa mopitirira muyeso pamene akusakaniza, ndipo pawiri amamwazikana mofanana, koma katundu wodzimatirira ndi osauka. Ethylene-propylene mphira kusanganikirana ndi woyenga lotseguka, kawirikawiri choyamba ntchito yaing'ono mpukutu mphindi kuti mosalekeza pambuyo mpukutuwo, ndiyeno pang'onopang'ono kumasuka mpukutu mphindi, kuwonjezera pawiri, mpukutu kutentha pakati 60 ~ 70 ℃. Kutentha kosakanikirana ndi 150℃ 160 ℃, komwe kungathandize kubalalitsidwa kwa zodzaza ndi zofewa komanso kupititsa patsogolo makina. Kukweza kumatha kukhala 10% ~ 15% kuposa zida zina zamphira.
3 - Kuphatikiza kwa fluoroelastomer
Fluorine mphira Menny mamasukidwe akayendedwe ndi mkulu, okhwima, frictional kutentha m'badwo, ambiri kusanganikirana ndi processing ndi zovuta kwambiri. Mukasakaniza mphira wa fluorine pamakina oyenga, mpaka mtunda wocheperako, mphamvu zochepa, kuwongolera kutentha kwa 50 ~ 60 ℃. Kusakaniza akuyamba, choyamba kupanga odzigudubuza kuziziritsa, kuwonjezera yaiwisi mphira woonda chikudutsa pafupifupi nthawi 10 kupanga yunifolomu phukusi mphira mphira, kusintha mpukutu mphindi kukhalabe yaing'ono zakhala zikuzunza m'miyoyo mphira, ndiyeno kuwonjezera wothandizila compounding, kusanganikirana nthawi zambiri osati mosamalitsa kumatanthauza, koma amafuna mofulumira ngati n'kotheka. Fluorine mphira ndizovuta kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito makina osakaniza osakanikirana, koma mtundu wa meshing wa makina osakaniza oziziritsa amphamvu, mutha kusakaniza mphira wa fluorine. Mpira wophatikizidwa uyenera kuyimitsidwa kwa maola 24 musanagwiritse ntchito, ndipo uyenera kuyengedwa musanagwiritse ntchito kuti pawiriwo amwazike mofanana ndikuwongolera kusungunuka ndi kudzimatira kwa rabala.
