I. Uhlolojikelele lwemikhiqizo yenjoloba enegwebu

Imikhiqizo yenjoloba eyigwebu ikhiqizwa ngendlela yerabha engokoqobo noma yamakhemikhali enerabha njengesisekelo sokuthola imikhiqizo yesakhiwo esinezimbotshana zenjoloba enjengesipontshi. Lobu buchwepheshe busetshenziswe kabanzi ezimbonini ezihlukahlukene zokukhiqiza, ezifana neminyango yezimoto kanye nezimpawu zamafasitela, ama-cushioning pads, ama-gaskets wokwakha izakhiwo, izinto zokuzamazama komhlaba, izikhungo zokuvikela ezemidlalo, njll.

1, Umqondo wenjoloba enegwebu

Okubizwa ngokuthi irabha enegwebu yaziwa kabanzi ngokuthi ubuchwepheshe benjoloba obugwebu, ukusetshenziswa kwe-ejenti ethile egwebulayo ukwelapha irabha, ukuze irabha ibe nokusebenza okuphawulekayo kwendlela yokucubungula. Lobu buchwepheshe busetshenziswa kabanzi emkhakheni wokukhiqiza wamanje, kuyindlela ejwayelekile kakhulu yomsebenzi wokukhiqiza kulesi sigaba.

2, Ukwahlukaniswa kwemikhiqizo yenjoloba enegwebu

Imikhiqizo yenjoloba enegwebu njengamanje ingomunye wemikhiqizo esetshenziswa kakhulu emkhakheni wokukhiqiza, ongahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezimbili zesakhiwo se-microporous kanye nesakhiwo esinezimbotshana ngokuya ngezimbotshana. Futhi isakhiwo se-microporous singahlukaniswa sibe yimikhiqizo egwetshiwe ehlukene kanye nemikhiqizo egcwele amagwebu eqhubekayo. Ngokusho kwezinto ezingavuthiwe zenjoloba zingahlukaniswa kulo mkhiqizo zibe yimikhiqizo yenjoloba yemvelo, imikhiqizo enegwebu ye-isoprene, imikhiqizo ye-SBR enegwebu, imikhiqizo ye-ethylene propylene yerabha egwebulile, njll.

Okwesibili, imikhiqizo yerabha ye-foam enokuhlaziywa

Imikhiqizo yenjoloba enegwebu isetshenziswa kabanzi emphakathini wamanje, inqubo yayo yokukhiqiza nokukhiqiza kanye negwebu le-thermoplastic linomehluko wezwe, inesivinini sokuxhumanisa i-vulcanization kanye nesivinini sokubola kwe-ejenti egwebuzelayo ukuze ihambisane nenkinga. Okusho ukuthi, impahla yenjoloba ephuma amagwebu ephumelelayo ngaphezu kwejubane lokuxhumanisa kukhona ubudlelwano obuseduze phakathi kwenqubo ye-vulcanization yezinto zenjoloba kanye nokubola kwe-ejenti evuthelayo kwenzeka lapho isimiso sifana ngokuyisisekelo, ziyisandiso sodonga lokunwetshwa kwegesi ukukhiqiza inqubo yokumelana ehambisanayo.

1, Ukukhethwa kwezinto eziyinhloko

Enqubweni yokukhiqiza, ngokuvamile kudinga izinjongo ezithile zomkhiqizo ukukhetha izinto zesayensi zenjoloba yomzimba, lezi zinto ekukhetheni amandla athambile, amaphakathi, inani elihle lokunwebeka kwemikhiqizo yenjoloba yemvelo, kodwa futhi nokukhetha irabha yokwenziwa ukuze ihlangabezane nezidingo zomkhiqizo. Ukuze kukhiqizwe imikhiqizo yegwebu elimelana nowoyela, ngaphezu kwesidingo sokukhetha irabha ye-nitrile yesayensi enengqondo, kodwa futhi nokuhlaziya isilinganiso nobuhlobo be-neoprene, ngisho nokuhlangabezana nezidingo zemikhiqizo ethile ekhethekile, ungasebenzisa futhi izinhlobo ezimbili noma ngaphezulu zenjoloba kanye nefomu.

2. Ukukhethwa kwe-ejenti egwebulile

I-ejenti enegwebu iyisixhumanisi esibaluleke kakhulu kukho konke ukukhiqizwa kwenjoloba enegwebu, futhi ukukhethwa kwayo kuhlobene eduze nokusebenza kahle kanye nekhwalithi yomsebenzi. Ngokuvamile, ukusebenza kahle kwemikhiqizo egwazayo kufanele kukhethe i-ejenti egwebuzelayo yesayensi nenengqondo, kanye nenani le-ejenti ekhihliza amagwebu, ukusetshenziswa kwezindlela ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zamanje zokuthuthukiswa komphakathi. Njengamanje, i-ejenti efuthayo ikakhulukazi iqukethe i-organic blowing agent kanye ne-inorganic blowing agent amabili. I-inorganic blowing ejenti ngokuyinhloko ibhekisa ku-sodium bicarbonate, ammonium bicarbonate, urea, njll. Lawa ma-ejenti afuthayo anezinzuzo zejubane lokubola okusheshayo kanye nezinga lokushisa eliphansi esicelweni, ngokwembono ukusebenza kwawo okugwebulile nakho kungcono. Njengoba igesi ekhiqizwa yilobu buchwepheshe ekusetshenzisweni ikakhulukazi i-carbon dioxide ne-ammonia, njll., ukuba khona kwala magesi kwenza isakhiwo senjoloba sibe ne-coefficient enkulu yokungena, kunzima ukwakha i-raber ye-foam evaliwe, ukukhiqizwa kwenjoloba ye-foam ikhwalithi ephansi, amandla aphansi, ukushwabana, ukuguquguquka okulula, ngakho-ke kulula kakhulu ukuyisebenzisa yedwa emsebenzini, futhi ingasetshenziswa njenge-foam ngokuvamile.

Umsebenzi wamanje, esivame ukusetshenziswa ejenti amagwebu ikakhulukazi iqukethe nitrogen dicarbonamide, nitroso, dibenzosulfonyl hydrazide ether, njll ukubola kwegesi ekhiqizwa ikakhulukazi iqukethe i-nitrogen, i-carbon dioxide, i-ammonia, njll., la magesi awawona nje kuphela angenabuthi, awanaphunga, futhi anenzuzo yokungangcolisi imvelo, hhayi ukuguquguquka. Usayizi we-pore wemikhiqizo ye-raber foam eyenziwe nge-ejenti enegwebu mkhulu, futhi izinga lokushwabana nalo likhulu; uma usebenzisa i-ejenti enegwebu, i-ejenti ekhihliza amagwebu eyisizayo ine-stearic acid, i-alum, njll., enganciphisa kakhulu izinga lokushisa lokubola le-ejenti enegwebu liye ku-130 ~ 150 ℃ ngemva kokwengeza.

3, ukukhethwa kwesistimu ye-vulcanization

Uhlelo lwe-Vulcanization lubaluleke kakhulu enqubweni yocwaningo lwemikhiqizo ekhihliza amagwebu, okokuqala, ukuthi ukuhambisana kwesistimu ye-vulcanization kanye nesistimu yokukhipha amagwebu kuwukhiye wokwenza ukusebenza kahle kwemikhiqizo egwazayo. Irabha ingenziwa igwebu ngempumelelo, into ebaluleke kakhulu inqubo yokwenza iraba ibe vulcanization kanye nenqubo yokubola ye-ejenti enegwebu kufanele ivunyelaniswe ngokuyisisekelo, noma isikhathi sesibabule kunesikhathi esinegwebu esingaphambili kancane. Ngakho-ke, ngemva kokukhetha uhlelo lwe-vulcanization, lungisa uhlelo olukhipha amagwebu ukuze lufane nalo, noma ngemva kokukhetha uhlelo olunamagwebu, lungisa uhlelo lwe-vulcanization ukuze lufane nalo.

4, Ukukhetha kokugcwalisa isigcwalisi

I-Carbon emnyama, i-silica namanye ama-ejenti aqinisayo angathuthukisa amandla nokuqina kwemikhiqizo yenjoloba enegwebu, ukungezwa okufanele kwe-calcium carbonate, ubumba nezinye izigcwalisi kungathuthukisa ukusebenza kwenjoloba futhi kunciphise izindleko. Ikhabhoni emnyama kufanele ikhethe i-FEF eqiniswe kancane kanye ne-SRF carbon black, isigcwalisi kufanele sikhethe ukukhanya kwe-calcium carbonate, ubumba, njll., inani akumele libe liningi kakhulu, okungcono amakhophi angama-20 kuye kwangama-40.

5, Ukukhetha plasticizer

Izidingo ze-Plasticizer yilezi: umphumela omuhle we-plasticizing, umthamo ophansi, izinga lokumunca ngokushesha, ukuhambisana kahle nenjoloba, ukuguquguquka okuncane, akukho ukufuduka, okungewona ubuthi, okunganuki, akubizi futhi kulula ukukuthola. I-Plasticizer ingathuthukisa izinga lokuhlakazwa kwe-ejenti ehlanganisayo, ukucutshungulwa nokubunjwa kwenhlanganisela yerabha. Imikhiqizo yerabha yegwebu edinga isiphindaphindi segwebu eliphezulu, inani elijwayelekile le-plasticizer elengeziwe likhulu, bese ukhetha ukuhambisana okuhle ne-plasticizer yerabha.

6, Ukukhethwa kwe-antioxidant

Imikhiqizo yenjoloba yegwebu yesakhiwo se-porous, indawo engaphezulu inkulu, kulula ukuguga, kufanele ihlanganiswe nama-antioxidants. Umgomo wokukhetha i-antioxidant yiwo womabili umphumela omuhle wokulwa nokuguga, kodwa futhi akuthinti ukubola kwe-ejenti enegwebu. Ungakhetha 4010, 264, MB kanye nezinye Antioxidants, inani elingaphezu kwemikhiqizo yenjoloba jikelele.

7, isimiso senjoloba egwebulile

Ukukhiqizwa kwenjoloba okuqinile kwe-sponge yenjoloba, isimiso siwukwengeza i-ejenti egwebuzelayo ku-raber ekhethiwe noma uphinde wengeze i-ejenti egwebulile, ukubola kwe-ejenti egwebulile ekushiseni kwe-vulcanization ukuze kukhishwe igesi, ezungezwe i-rubber ukuze enze imbobo ye-bubble 'ukuze ukunwetshwa kwenjoloba kube isipontshi.

Izici eziyinhloko ezinquma futhi zibe nomthelela ekubunjweni kwe-bubble pore yilezi: inani legesi ye-ejenti evuthelayo, izinga lokusabalala kwegesi kurabha, i-viscosity yenjoloba kanye nesivinini sokuvuvukala, okubaluleke kakhulu okuwukumataniswa kwenani le-ejenti ephephetha igesi, isivinini sokukhiqizwa kwegesi kanye nesivinini sokuvuvukala kwenjoloba.

Ukwenza imikhiqizo yenjoloba engcono, ukukhetha kwezinhlobo ze-ejenti evuthelayo kanye nesistimu ye-rubber vulcanization kuyisihluthulelo. Kunezindlela ezimbili eziqondile:

Okokuqala, ngokusho kokushisa kwe-vulcanization ukukhetha izinga lokushisa lokubola kanye ne-ejenti eshayayo efanelekile, bese ngokusho kwejubane lokubola kwe-ejenti evuthelayo ekushiseni kwe-vulcanization ukulungisa isivinini se-vulcanization yenjoloba, njengokusetshenziswa komgqugquzeli sekwephuzile kanye nabanye abagqugquzeli kanye nesistimu ye-vulcanization, ingasetshenziswa ukulungisa inani le-vulcanization ukuze ulungise isivinini.

Okwesibili, esimweni sohlelo lwe-vulcanization ukuze kunqunywe isivinini se-vulcanization, ngokusho kokukhethwa kwezinhlobonhlobo zegwebu kanye nosayizi wezinhlayiyana ezifanele. Usayizi wezinhlayiyana ze-ejenti ephephethayo futhi ungenye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ekunqumeni isivinini sokubola kwe-ejenti ephephethayo. Usayizi wezinhlayiyana uyancipha, indawo ethize yezinhlayiya iyanda, ukusebenza kahle kokudlulisa ukushisa kuyanda, futhi isivinini sokubola siyasheshisa, ngakho-ke ibhalansi phakathi kwejub325fa23283=ikhebula

Okwesithathu, ukucubungula ubuchwepheshe

1. Ukwenza ipulasitiki

Ingqikithi yokwenza ipulasitiki yerabha eluhlaza ukuphula nokucekela phansi iketango le-macromolecular lenjoloba. Thuthukisa ipulasitiki yenjoloba, ukuze inqubo yokuxuba nokuxuba ye-ejenti ehlanganisiwe ibe lula ukuyifeza. Ekulungiseni imikhiqizo yenjoloba ye-foam, ngcono i-plasticity yenjoloba, kulula ukwenza imikhiqizo enezimbobo ze-bubble ezifanayo, ukuminyana okuncane kanye nesilinganiso esincane sokuncipha. Ngakho-ke, irabha eluhlaza kufanele ifakwe ipulasitiki ngokugcwele.

2, Isitoreji

Ngemuva kokuthi i-rubber ixutshwe, kufanele ibekwe isikhathi eside ngokwanele, ngokuvamile i-2 ~ 4h, ukuze izithasiselo ezihlukahlukene zihlakazwe ngokugcwele ku-rubber mix. Uma izithasiselo zenjoloba zihlakazeka ngokulinganayo, kungcono ukuzinza kosayizi womkhiqizo, ubushelelezi bendawo kanye nokufana kwamabhamuza.

3. Izinga lokushisa

Igwebu lerabha lizwela kakhulu izinga lokushisa. Into efanayo yerabha inemiphumela ehlukene yokugwebulwa emazingeni okushisa ahlukene. Ngenxa yokuthi isistimu yokukhihliza amagwebu kanye nesistimu ye-vulcanization izwela izinga lokushisa ngendlela ehlukile, ukushintsha izinga lokushisa le-vulcanization kuzolungisa inkinga yokufanisa uhlelo lwe-vulcanization nohlelo lwe-foaming.

4. Ukwakha

Izindlela zokubumba zemikhiqizo yenjoloba enegwebu yilezi: ukubunjwa kwe-extrusion, ukubumba, ukubumba okuyisicaba, njll. Imikhiqizo enegwebu ye-EPDM ivame ukusetshenziswa ekubunjweni kwe-extrusion, futhi i-NBR isetshenziswa kakhulu ekubumbeni.