I. Bayanin samfuran roba masu kumfa
Ana samar da samfuran roba ta hanyar kumfa ta zahiri ko sinadarai tare da roba azaman kayan tushe don samun samfuran tsarin porous na soso-kamar roba. An yi amfani da wannan fasaha sosai a masana'antu daban-daban na samarwa, kamar ƙofar mota da hatimin taga, pad ɗin kwantar da hankali, kayan gini na gini, kayan girgizar ƙasa, wuraren kariya na wasanni, da sauransu.
1. A ra'ayi na kumfa roba
Abin da ake kira kumfa mai kumfa kuma an san shi da fasaha na kumfa na roba, shine amfani da takamaiman kayan aikin kumfa don maganin roba, ta yadda robar ya kasance yana da siffa ta hanyar sarrafawa. An fi amfani da wannan fasaha sosai a fagen samar da kayayyaki na yanzu, ita ce hanyar da aka fi amfani da ita na aikin samarwa a wannan mataki.
2. Rarraba kayayyakin roba kumfa
Kayayyakin roba mai kumfa a halin yanzu suna ɗaya daga cikin samfuran da aka fi amfani da su a fagen samarwa, waɗanda za a iya raba su zuwa nau'ikan tsarin microporous iri biyu da tsarin porous bisa ga pores. Kuma ana iya raba tsarin microporous zuwa samfuran kumfa daban da samfuran kumfa mai ci gaba. Bisa ga albarkatun kasa na roba za a iya raba wannan samfurin zuwa na halitta roba kumfa kayayyakin, isoprene kumfa kayayyakin, SBR kumfa kayayyakin, ethylene propylene roba kumfa kayayyakin, da dai sauransu.
Na biyu, samfuran roba kumfa tare da bincike
Kayayyakin roba mai kumfa ana amfani da su sosai a cikin al'umma na yanzu, samar da tsarin samarwa da samar da shi da kuma kumfa na thermoplastic yana da bambanci a duniya, yana da saurin ƙetare vulcanization da saurin bazuwar wakili na kumfa don dacewa da matsalar. Wato, wani roba abu nasara kumfa ban da giciye-linking gudun akwai kusanci tsakanin vulcanization tsari na roba kayan da bazuwar da hurawa wakili faruwa a lokacin da ka'idar ne m guda, ne tsawo na gas fadada bango don samar da daidai juriya tsari.
1. Zaɓin babban abu
A cikin tsarin masana'antu, yawanci yana buƙatar takamaiman maƙasudin samfurin don zaɓar kayan jikin roba na kimiyya, waɗannan kayan a cikin zaɓin zaɓi na taushi, matsakaicin ƙarfi, kyakkyawan adadin elasticity na samfuran roba na halitta, amma kuma don zaɓar wasu roba na wucin gadi don saduwa da bukatun samfurin. Don samar da samfuran kumfa mai jure wa mai, ban da buƙatar zaɓar roba mai nitrile na kimiyya mai ma'ana, amma kuma don nazarin rabo da alaƙar neoprene, har ma don biyan bukatun wasu samfuran na musamman, zaku iya amfani da nau'ikan roba biyu ko fiye da nau'in roba da nau'in.
2. Zaɓin wakili mai kumfa
Wakilin kumfa shine mafi mahimmancin hanyar haɗin gwiwa a cikin dukkanin samar da roba mai kumfa, kuma zaɓinsa yana da alaƙa da inganci da ingancin aiki. Gabaɗaya magana, kyakkyawan aikin samfuran kumfa dole ne ya zaɓi wakili na kimiyya da ma'ana mai dacewa, da adadin kumfa, amfani da hanyoyin da za a iya biyan bukatun ci gaban zamantakewa na yanzu. A halin yanzu, wakili na busa ya ƙunshi kwayoyin busa kwayoyin halitta da kuma wakili na busa inorganic guda biyu. Inorganic hurawa wakili yafi nufin sodium bicarbonate, ammonium bicarbonate, urea, da dai sauransu Wadannan busa jamiái suna da abũbuwan amfãni daga cikin sauri bazuwar gudun da kuma low zazzabi a cikin aikace-aikace, a ka'idar ta kumfa yi shi ne kuma mafi alhẽri. Kamar yadda iskar gas samar da wannan fasaha a cikin aikace-aikace ne yafi carbon dioxide da ammonia, da dai sauransu, gaban wadannan gas sanya da roba tsarin yana da babban permeability coefficient, da wuya a haifar da rufaffiyar-rami kumfa roba, samar da kumfa roba low quality, low ƙarfi, shrinkage, sauki nakasawa, don haka shi ne musamman sauki don amfani shi kadai a cikin aikin, da kuma Organic kumfa za a iya amfani da kullum.
A halin yanzu aikin, mu fiye amfani da kumfa wakili yafi ƙunshi nitrogen dicarbonamide, nitroso, dibenzosulfonyl hydrazide ether, da dai sauransu.. Wadannan kayan a cikin aikace-aikace na da bazuwar zafin jiki ne game da 200 ℃ ko fiye, da kuma a cikin samar da tsari ma bukatar don ƙara wasu karin hurawa wakili, kamar urea, magnesium oxide, da dai sauransu oxide oxide, zinc oxide, da dai sauransu .. Zinc oxide da dai sauransu bazuwar iskar gas da ake samarwa galibi ya ƙunshi nitrogen, carbon dioxide, ammonia, da dai sauransu, waɗannan iskar gas ba kawai masu guba ba ne, ba su da wari, har ma suna da fa'idar rashin gurɓata muhalli, ba su canza launi ba. Girman pore na samfuran kumfa na roba da aka yi tare da wakili mai kumfa ya fi girma, kuma ƙimar raguwa kuma ya fi girma; lokacin amfani da kumfa wakili, da karin kumfa wakili yana da stearic acid, alum, da dai sauransu, wanda zai iya muhimmanci rage bazuwar zafin jiki na kumfa wakili zuwa 130 ~ 150 ℃ bayan ƙarawa.
3, zabin tsarin vulcanization
Tsarin Vulcanization yana da matukar mahimmanci a cikin tsarin bincike na samfuran kumfa, da farko, ko daidaita tsarin vulcanization da tsarin kumfa shine mabuɗin yin kyakkyawan aiki na samfuran kumfa. Ana iya samun nasarar yin kumfa na roba, abu mafi mahimmanci shine tsarin vulcanization na roba kuma tsarin lalata na wakilin kumfa ya kamata a daidaita shi da gaske, ko lokacin sulfur fiye da lokacin kumfa kadan gaba. Don haka, bayan zabar tsarin vulcanization, daidaita tsarin kumfa don dacewa da shi, ko kuma bayan zabar tsarin kumfa, daidaita tsarin vulcanization don dacewa da shi.
4. Zabi na ƙarfafa filler
Carbon baki, silica da sauran ƙarfafa jamiái na iya inganta ƙarfi da taurin kayayyakin roba foamed, da dace Bugu da kari na alli carbonate, yumbu da sauran fillers iya inganta aiki yi na roba da kuma rage farashin. Baƙar fata Carbon yakamata ya zaɓi FEF mai ƙarfi da SRF baƙar fata, filler yakamata ya zaɓi hasken calcium carbonate, yumbu, da sauransu, adadin bai kamata ya yi yawa ba, zai fi dacewa kwafi 20 zuwa 40.
5. The zabi na plasticizer
Abubuwan buƙatun filastik sune: sakamako mai kyau na filastik, ƙarancin ƙima, ƙimar ɗaukar sauri, dacewa mai kyau tare da roba, ƙaramin ƙarancin ƙarfi, babu ƙaura, mara guba, mara wari, mara tsada da sauƙin samu. Plasticizer na iya inganta matakin watsawa na wakili mai haɗawa, da aiwatarwa da gyare-gyaren gauran roba. Kayayyakin roba na kumfa da ke buƙatar babban kumfa mai yawa, yawan adadin filastik da aka ƙara ya fi girma, kuma zaɓi dacewa mai kyau tare da filastik filastik.
6. Zabin antioxidant
Kayayyakin roba na kumfa don tsari mai laushi, yanki ya fi girma, in mun gwada da sauƙin tsufa, dole ne a haɗa shi da antioxidants. Ka'idar zaɓin antioxidant shine duka sakamako mai kyau na tsufa, amma kuma baya shafar bazuwar wakili mai kumfa. Za a iya zaɓar 4010, 264, MB da sauran antioxidants, adadin fiye da samfuran roba na gaba ɗaya.
7, ka'idar kumfa roba
M roba kumfa samar da roba soso, da manufa shi ne don ƙara kumfa wakili a cikin zaba roba ko sake ƙara kumfa wakili, da bazuwar da kumfa wakili a cikin vulcanization zafin jiki saki gas, kewaye da roba don samar da wani kumfa rami 'don haka da cewa roba fadada ta samar da wani soso.
Babban abubuwan da ke ƙayyadewa da tasiri akan tsarin kumfa shine: yawan iskar gas mai busawa, yawan iskar gas a cikin roba, dankowar roba da saurin vulcanization, mafi mahimmancin abin da ya dace da adadin iskar gas mai hurawa, saurin samar da iskar gas da saurin vulcanization na roba.
Don yin samfuran roba mafi kyau, zaɓin nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in busawa da tsarin vulcanization na roba shine mabuɗin. Akwai takamaiman hanyoyi guda biyu:
Na farko, bisa ga zafin jiki na vulcanization don zaɓar zafin bazuwar da kuma wakilin busawa mai dacewa, sannan kuma bisa ga saurin bazuwar mai busawa a cikin zafin vulcanization don daidaita saurin vulcanization na roba, kamar yin amfani da mai tallata marigayi da sauran masu tallatawa da tsarin vulcanization, ana iya amfani da su don daidaita adadin mai talla don daidaita saurin vulcanization.
Na biyu, a cikin yanayin tsarin vulcanization don ƙayyade saurin vulcanization, bisa ga zaɓin nau'in kumfa da girman ƙwayar da ya dace. Girman barbashi na wakili mai busa shima yana daya daga cikin muhimman abubuwan da ke tantance saurin rubewar abin busa. The barbashi size ragewa, da takamaiman surface yankin na barbashi ƙara, zafi canja wurin yadda ya dace yana ƙaruwa, da bazuwar gudun ne kara, don haka da ma'auni tsakanin bazuwar gudun na busa wakili da vulcanization gudun na roba za a iya gyara ta zabar dace barbashi size na busa wakili.
Uku, fasahar sarrafawa
1. Filastik
Ma'anar plasticizing raw roba shine karya da lalata sarkar macromolecular na roba. Haɓaka filastik na roba, ta yadda tsarin haɗawa da haɗakarwa na wakili ya fi sauƙi don aiwatarwa. A cikin shirye-shiryen samfuran roba na kumfa, mafi kyawun filastik na roba, da sauƙin yin samfuran tare da ramukan kumfa iri ɗaya, ƙananan yawa da ƙananan raguwa. Don haka, danyen robar ya kamata a sanya shi gaba daya.
2. Ajiya
Bayan an haɗa roba, dole ne a sanya shi na dogon lokaci, gabaɗaya 2 ~ 4h, don haka an tarwatsa daban-daban addittu a cikin haɗin roba. Da zarar an tarwatsa abubuwan da aka kara da roba, mafi kyawun kwanciyar hankali na girman samfurin, santsi na saman da daidaitattun kumfa.
3. Zazzabi
Kumfa roba yana da matukar damuwa ga zafin jiki. Kayan roba iri ɗaya yana da tasirin kumfa daban-daban a yanayin zafi daban-daban. Saboda tsarin kumfa da tsarin vulcanization suna kula da zafin jiki daban-daban, canza yanayin zafin jiki zai daidaita matsalar daidaita tsarin vulcanization tare da tsarin kumfa.
4. Samuwar
Hanyoyin gyare-gyaren samfuran roba masu kumfa sune: extrusion gyare-gyare, gyare-gyare, gyare-gyaren lebur, da dai sauransu. EPDM kayan kumfa ana amfani da su a cikin gyare-gyaren extrusion, kuma NBR galibi ana amfani dashi a cikin gyare-gyare.
