I. Okulaba ebintu ebifuukuuse nga bifumbiddwa .

Ebiva mu kapiira ka foam bikolebwa mu nkola ya physical oba chemical foaming nga biriko kapiira nga ekintu ekikulu okusobola okufuna ebizigo ebiringa ebipiira ebirimu obutuli. Tekinologiya ono abadde akozesebwa nnyo mu makolero ag’enjawulo agakola ebintu, gamba ng’emiryango gy’emmotoka n’amadirisa, paadi ezikola emitto, ebizimbe ebikozesebwa mu kuzimba, ebikozesebwa mu kuyiringisibwa mu musisi, ebifo ebikuuma emizannyo n’ebirala.

1、Endowooza ya rubber efuumuuka .

Omupiira oguyitibwa foamed rubber era gumanyiddwa nnyo nga tekinologiya w’okufuumuula kapiira, kwe kukozesa ekirungo ekifuumuuka ekigere okujjanjaba kapiira, olwo omupiira gubeere n’omutindo ogw’engeri y’ekintu ekikola. Tekinologiya ono akozesebwa nnyo mu mulimu gw’okufulumya ebiriwo kati, y’engeri esinga okukozesebwa mu kukola emirimu gy’okufulumya ku mutendera guno.

2、Okugabanyaamu ebintu ebifuumuuka ebya kapiira .

Ebintu ebifuumuuka mu kiseera kino kye kimu ku bintu ebisinga okukozesebwa mu mulimu gw’okufulumya, nga kino kiyinza okugabanyizibwamu ebika bibiri eby’ensengekera ya microporous n’ensengekera y’obutuli okusinziira ku butuli. era ensengekera ya microporous esobola okwawulwamu ebintu eby’enjawulo ebifuumuuka n’ebintu ebifuumuuka ebigenda mu maaso. Okusinziira ku bikozesebwa ebisookerwako ebya kapiira bisobola okwawulwamu ekintu kino mu bintu eby’obutonde ebifuumuuka, isoprene foaming products, SBR foaming products, ethylene propylene rubber foaming products, etc.

Ekyokubiri, ebiva mu kapiira ka foam nga biriko okwekenneenya .

Ebintu ebikolebwa mu kapiira ebifuumuuka byeyongera okukozesebwa mu mbeera eriwo kati, enkola yaakyo ey’okufulumya n’okufulumya n’okufuumuuka kw’obugumu (thermoplastic foaming) birina enjawulo mu nsi yonna, erina sipiidi y’okusalako vulcanization n’obwangu bw’okuvunda kw’ekirungo ekifuumuula okusobola okukwatagana n’ekizibu. Kwe kugamba, ekintu kya kapiira okufukirira obulungi nga kwotadde n’embiro z’okusalako waliwo enkolagana ey’okumpi wakati w’enkola y’okufuula ebintu eby’omu bbanga n’okuvunda kw’ekirungo ekifuuwa kibaawo ng’omusingi gusinga kwe gumu, kwe kugaziwa kw’ekisenge ky’okugaziwa kwa ggaasi okuvaamu enkola y’okuziyiza ekwatagana.

1、Okulonda ebintu ebikulu .

Mu nkola y’okukola, ebiseera ebisinga byetaaga ebigendererwa ebitongole eby’ekintu okulonda ebikozesebwa mu mubiri gwa kapiira ekya ssaayansi, ebintu bino mu kulonda amaanyi amagonvu, ag’ekigero, omuwendo omulungi ogw’obugumu bw’ebintu eby’obutonde ebya kapiira, naye era okulonda kapiira akamu ak’obutonde okusobola okutuukiriza ebyetaago by’ekintu. Ku lw’okukola ebintu ebiziyiza amafuta, ng’oggyeeko obwetaavu bw’okulonda akapiira ka sayansi aka nitrile akasaanidde, naye n’okwekenneenya ekitundu n’enkolagana ya neoprene, n’okutuuka n’okutuukiriza ebyetaago by’ebintu ebimu eby’enjawulo, osobola n’okukozesa ebika bibiri oba okusingawo ebya kapiira ne ffoomu.

2、Okulonda ekirungo ekifuumuula .

Foaming agent ye link esinga obukulu mu production yonna eya foamed rubber, era okulonda kwayo kukwatagana nnyo n’obulungi n’omutindo gw’emirimu. Okutwalira awamu, omulimu omulungi ogw’ebintu ebifuumuuka gulina okulonda ekirungo kya sayansi era ekituufu ekifuumuula, n’omuwendo gw’ekirungo ekifuumuula, okukozesa enkola okutuukiriza ebisaanyizo by’enkulaakulana y’embeera z’abantu ebiriwo kati. Mu kiseera kino, ekirungo ekifuuwa okusinga kirimu ekirungo ekifuuwa ekiramu n’ekirungo ekifuuwa ekitali kiramu eky’okubiri. Inorganic blowing agent okusinga kitegeeza sodium bicarbonate, ammonium bicarbonate, urea, etc. Ebirungo bino ebifuuwa birina ebirungi ebiri mu sipiidi y’okuvunda amangu n’ebbugumu eri wansi mu kukozesa, mu ndowooza omulimu gwayo ogw’okufuumuuka nagwo gusinga. Nga omukka ogukolebwa tekinologiya ono mu kukozesa okusinga ye kaboni dayokisayidi ne ammonia, n’ebirala, okubeerawo kwa ggaasi zino kifuula ensengekera ya kapiira okuba n’omugerageranyo gw’obutafaali obunene, kizibu okukola ekipiira ekiggaddwa eky’ebituli ebiggaddwa, okukola kwa kapiira ka foam omutindo omutono, amaanyi amatono, okukendeera, okwanguyira okukozesa ekirungo ekifuuse ekiwujjo.

The current work, we commonly used foaming agent mainly contains nitrogen dicarbonamide, nitroso, dibenzosulfonyl hydrazide ether, etc.. These materials in the application of its decomposition temperature is about 200 ℃ or more, and in the production process also need to add other auxiliary blowing agent, such as urea, magnesium oxide, zinc oxide, etc., so its decomposition is greatly Okukendeera, okuvunda kw’ebbugumu kwa ggaasi akolebwa okusinga kubaamu nayitrojeni, kaboni dayokisayidi, ammonia, n’ebirala, ggaasi zino si za butwa bwokka, teziwunya, era n’etuuka n’okuba n’enkizo ey’obutacaafuwaza butonde, si ya langi. Enkula y’obuziba bw’ebintu ebiva mu biwujjo ebikoleddwa n’ekirungo ekifuumuuka (foaming agent) nnene, ate n’omuwendo gw’okukendeera (shrinkage rate) nagwo munene; Nga okozesa ekirungo ekifuumuula, ekirungo ekifuumuula ekiyamba kirina asidi wa stearic, alum, n’ebirala, ekiyinza okukendeeza ennyo ku bbugumu ly’okuvunda kw’ekirungo ekifuumuula okutuuka ku 130~150°C oluvannyuma lw’okugattako.

3, okulonda enkola ya Vulcanization .

Vulcanization system kikulu nnyo mu nkola y’okunoonyereza ey’ebintu ebifuumuuka, okusookera ddala, oba okukwatagana kw’enkola ya Vulcanization n’enkola y’okufuumuula kye kisumuluzo ky’okukola omulimu omulungi ogw’ebintu ebifuumuuka. Omupiira guyinza okufuumuuka obulungi, ekisinga obukulu ye nkola ya vulcanization ya kapiira era enkola y’okuvunda kw’ekirungo ekifuumuuka mu bukulu erina okuba nga zikwatagana, oba ekiseera kya sulfur okusinga ekiseera ky’okufuumuuka mu maaso katono. N’olwekyo, oluvannyuma lw’okulonda enkola ya Vulcanization, tereeza enkola y’okufuumuula okusobola okugikwataganya, oba oluvannyuma lw’okulonda enkola y’okufuumuula, tereeza enkola ya Vulcanization okugikwataganya.

4、Okulonda okunyweza okujjuza .

Carbon black, silica n’ebirala ebinyweza bisobola okulongoosa amaanyi n’obugumu bw’ebintu ebikolebwa mu bipiira ebifuumuuka, okugatta mu ngeri entuufu calcium carbonate, ebbumba n’ebirala ebijjuza bisobola okulongoosa omulimu gw’okulongoosa omupiira n’okukendeeza ku nsaasaanya. Carbon Black yandibadde elonda semi-reinforced FEF ne SRF carbon black, filler erina okulonda light calcium carbonate, ebbumba, n’ebirala, omuwendo tegulina kuba mungi nnyo, okusinga kkopi 20 ku 40.

5、Okulonda kwa pulasitiika .

Ebyetaagisa mu buveera bye bino: ekikolwa ekirungi eky’okufuula obuveera, ddoozi entono, omuwendo gw’okunyiga amangu, okukwatagana okulungi ne kapiira, okukyukakyuka okutono, tewali kutambula, okutali kwa butwa, okuwunya, okutali kwa bbeeyi ate nga kwangu okufuna. Plasticizer esobola okulongoosa ddiguli y’okusaasaana kw’ekirungo ekigatta, okukola n’okubumba omutabula gwa kapiira. Ebintu ebikolebwa mu foam ebyetaagisa omukubisaamu wa foam omungi, omuwendo gwa pulasitiika ogw’awamu ogw’okugattako guba munene, era olondawo okukwatagana okulungi ne kapiira aka pulasitiika.

6、Okulonda eddagala eriziyiza obuwuka obuleeta obulwadde .

Foam rubber products for porous structure, surface area is larger, relatively easier to aging, zirina okugattibwa n’ebirungo ebiziyiza obuwuka obuleeta obulwadde. Omusingi gw’okulonda ekirungo ekiziyiza obuwuka obuleeta obulwadde (antioxidant) byombi birungi ebiziyiza okukaddiwa, naye era tebikosa kuvunda kwa kirungo ekifuumuula. Asobola okulonda 4010, 264, MB n’ebirungo ebirala ebiziyiza obuwuka obuleeta obulwadde, obungi bw’ebintu ebisinga ku biva mu kapiira aka bulijjo.

7, Omusingi gw’okufuumuuka kwa kapiira .

Solid rubber foaming production of rubber sponge, enkola kwe kwongerako ekifuumuuka mu kapiira akalondeddwa oba okuddamu okwongerako ekifuumuuka, okuvunda kw’ekirungo ekifuumuula mu bbugumu ly’okufukirira okufulumya omukka, nga kyetooloddwa omupiira okukola ekituli kya bubble 'bwe kityo okugaziwa kwa kapiira ne kukola sipongi.

Ensonga enkulu ezisalawo n’okufuga ensengekera y’ekituli ky’ekiwujjo ze zino: obungi bw’omukka ogufuuwa, omuwendo gw’okusaasaana kwa ggaasi mu kapiira, obuzito bwa kapiira n’embiro z’okufuumuuka, ekisinga okuvumirira kwe kukwatagana kw’obungi bwa ggaasi efuuwa, sipiidi y’okukola ggaasi n’embiro z’obuziba bwa kapiira.

Okukola ebintu ebirungi ebya kapiira, okulonda ebika by’ebirungo ebifuuwa n’enkola ya kapiira vulcanization system kye kisumuluzo. Waliwo enkola bbiri entongole:

Okusooka, okusinziira ku bbugumu ly’okuvunda okulonda ebbugumu ly’okuvunda n’ekirungo ekifuuwa ekituufu, n’oluvannyuma okusinziira ku sipiidi y’okuvunda kw’ekirungo ekifuuwa mu bbugumu ly’okufukirira okutereeza sipiidi y’okufuula omuyaga, gamba ng’okukozesa pulomoota ow’oluvannyuma n’enkola endala n’enkola ya Vulcanization, esobola okukozesebwa okutereeza omuwendo gwa pulomoota okutereeza vulcanization.

Ekyokubiri, mu mbeera y’enkola ya Vulcanization okuzuula sipiidi y’okufuuka vulcanization, okusinziira ku kulonda ebika bya foam n’obunene bw’obutundutundu obutuufu. Enkula y’obutundutundu bw’ekirungo ekifuuwa nayo y’emu ku nsonga enkulu mu kuzuula sipiidi y’okuvunda kw’ekirungo ekifuuwa. Enkula y’obutundutundu ekendeera, ekitundu ekigere eky’okungulu kw’obutundutundu kyeyongera, obulungi bw’okutambuza ebbugumu bweyongera, era sipiidi y’okuvunda n’egenda ku sipiidi, kale bbalansi wakati w’embiro z’okuvunda ez’ekirungo ekifuuwa n’embiro z’okufuumuuka kwa kapiira zisobola okutereezebwa nga tulonda obunene bw’obutundutundu obutuufu obw’ekirungo ekifuuwa.

Three, Tekinologiya w'okulongoosa .

1、Okukola plasticing .

Omusingi gw’okufuula omupiira omubisi ogw’obuveera kwe kumenya n’okusaanyaawo olujegere lwa kapiira olwa macromolecular. Okulongoosa obuveera bwa kapiira, olwo enkola y’okutabula n’okutabula ekirungo ekikola ekirungo kyangu okukola. Mu kutegeka ebiva mu bipiira ebifuumuuka, obuveera bwa kapiira gye bukoma okuba obulungi, gye kikoma okuba eky’angu okukola ebintu ebirina ebituli by’obuwunga ebifaanagana, obutono n’okukendeeza ku kukendeera. N’olwekyo, omupiira omubisi gulina okuba nga guteekeddwa mu buveera mu bujjuvu.

2、Tonda .

Oluvannyuma lwa kapiira okutabula, kalina okuteekebwa okumala ekiseera ekiwanvu ekimala, okutwalira awamu 2~4h, olwo ebirungo eby’enjawulo ebigattibwamu ne bisaasaanyizibwa mu bujjuvu mu kutabula kwa kapiira. Ebirungo ebigattibwamu gye bikoma okusaasaanyizibwa mu ngeri ey’enjawulo, n’obutebenkevu bw’obunene bw’ekintu, obuweweevu bw’okungulu n’obutafaanagana bw’ebiwujjo.

3、Ekyuma .

Ekiwujjo kya kapiira kikwata nnyo ku bbugumu. Ekintu kya kapiira kye kimu kirina ebikolwa eby’enjawulo eby’okufuumuula ku bbugumu ery’enjawulo. Olw’okuba enkola y’okufuumuula n’enkola y’okufuula empewo (vulcanization system) zikwatagana n’ebbugumu mu ngeri ey’enjawulo, okukyusa ebbugumu ly’obuwujjo (vulcanization temperature) kijja kuddamu okutereeza ekizibu ky’okukwataganya enkola y’okufuula envubu (vulcanization system) n’enkola y’okufuumuula.

4、Okukola .

Enkola z’okubumba ebiva mu kapiira akafuumuuka ze zino: okubumba okufuluma, okubumba, okubumba okupapajjo, n’ebirala EPDM foamed products zitera okukozesebwa mu kubumba extrusion, era NBR zisinga kukozesebwa mu kubumba.