I. Incamake y'ibicuruzwa bya rubber
Ibicuruzwa bya reberi bikozwe muburyo bwa fiziki cyangwa imiti ifata ifuro hamwe na reberi nkibikoresho fatizo kugirango ubone ibikoresho bya sponge bisa na reberi. Iri koranabuhanga ryakoreshejwe cyane mu nganda zinyuranye zitanga umusaruro, nk'urugi rw'imodoka na kashe ya idirishya, amakariso yo kuryamaho, kubaka gasketi zubaka, ibikoresho bya seisimike, ibikoresho byo kurinda siporo, n'ibindi.
1 concept Igitekerezo cya rubber
Ibyo bita reberi ifuro kandi bizwi cyane nka tekinoroji ya rubber, ni ugukoresha imiti yihariye yo kuvura reberi, kuburyo reberi ifite imikorere iranga uburyo bwo gutunganya. Iri koranabuhanga rikoreshwa cyane murwego rwo kubyaza umusaruro, nuburyo busanzwe bwo gukora umusaruro muriki cyiciro.
2 、 Gutondekanya ibicuruzwa bya rubber
Ibicuruzwa bya rubber bifunze ubu ni kimwe mu bicuruzwa bikoreshwa cyane mu musaruro, bishobora kugabanywamo ubwoko bubiri bwimiterere ya microporome nuburyo bubi ukurikije imyenge. Imiterere ya microporome irashobora kugabanwa mubicuruzwa bitandukanye bibyibushye hamwe nibicuruzwa bikomeza. Ukurikije ibikoresho fatizo bya reberi birashobora kugabanywa muri iki gicuruzwa mu bicuruzwa bisanzwe bya rubber, ibicuruzwa bya isoprene, ibicuruzwa bya SBR, ifuro rya SBR, ibicuruzwa bya Ethylene propylene, nibindi.
Icya kabiri, ibicuruzwa bya reberi hamwe nisesengura
Ibicuruzwa bya reberi bifunze cyane kandi bikoreshwa cyane muri societe yubu, umusaruro wacyo nigikorwa cyo kubyaza umusaruro hamwe nifuro ya thermoplastique ifitemo isi itandukanye, ifite umuvuduko w’ibirunga uhuza umuvuduko n'umuvuduko wo kubora kwa fomu kugirango uhuze nikibazo. Nukuvuga ko ibikoresho bya reberi bigenda neza kubira ifuro usibye kwambukiranya umuvuduko hariho isano ya hafi hagati yuburyo bwo guterwa ibikoresho bya reberi no kubora kwa agenti bibaho iyo ihame ari rimwe, ni kwagura urukuta rwo kwagura gaze kugirango bitange inzira ihuye nayo.
1 、 Guhitamo ibikoresho byingenzi
Mubikorwa byo gukora, mubisanzwe bisaba intego zihariye zibicuruzwa guhitamo ibikoresho bya siyansi yubumenyi bwa siyansi, ibyo bikoresho muguhitamo imbaraga zoroheje, ziciriritse, ubwinshi bwimiterere ya elastique yibicuruzwa bya reberi karemano, ariko kandi no guhitamo reberi yubukorikori kugirango ihuze ibikenewe nibicuruzwa. Kugirango habeho umusaruro wamavuta adashobora kwihanganira amavuta, usibye gukenera guhitamo reberi yubumenyi ya nitrile yubumenyi, ariko kandi no gusesengura igipimo n’umubano wa neoprene, ndetse no guhuza ibikenerwa nibicuruzwa bimwe bidasanzwe, urashobora kandi gukoresha ubwoko bubiri cyangwa bwinshi bwa reberi nuburyo.
2 Guhitamo umukozi wo kubira ifuro
Umukozi wo kubira ifuro niwo murongo wingenzi mubikorwa byose bya reberi ifuro, kandi guhitamo kwayo bifitanye isano rya bugufi nuburyo bwiza bwakazi. Muri rusange, imikorere myiza yibicuruzwa bibyibushye igomba guhitamo ubumenyi bwa siyanse kandi bushyize mu gaciro, hamwe numubare wibibyimba, gukoresha uburyo kugirango uhuze ibyifuzo byiterambere ryimibereho. Kugeza ubu, ibintu bivuza cyane cyane birimo ibintu bihumeka hamwe na organic organique ebyiri. Ibikoresho bidafite ingufu bivuga cyane cyane sodium bicarbonate, amonium bicarbonate, urea, nibindi. Nkuko gaze ikorwa nubuhanga mu kuyikoresha ahanini iba dioxyde de carbone na ammonia, nibindi, kuba iyo myuka ituma imiterere ya reberi iba ifite coeffisente nini ya permeability, biragoye gukora reberi ifunze ifunze ifunze, kubyara reberi ifuro ifuro ridafite ubuziranenge, imbaraga nke, kugabanuka, byoroshye guhindura imikorere, bityo rero biroroshye cyane gukoresha agent nkibikoresho bisanzwe.
Ibikorwa biriho, twakunze gukoresha ifuro ryinshi ririmo ahanini azote dicarbonamide, nitroso, dibenzosulfonyl hydrazide ether, nibindi .. Ibi bikoresho mugukoresha ubushyuhe bwacyo bwangirika bigera kuri 200 ℃ cyangwa birenga, kandi mugikorwa cyo kubyaza umusaruro bigomba no kongeramo ibindi bikoresho bifasha cyane, nka urea, magnesium oxyde, kugabanuka kwa zinc oxyde, nibindi. azote, dioxyde de carbone, ammonia, nibindi, iyi myuka ntabwo ari uburozi gusa, nta mpumuro nziza, ndetse ifite inyungu zo kutanduza ibidukikije, ntabwo ibara. Ingano ya pore yibicuruzwa bya reberi bikozwe na agent ifuro ni nini, kandi igipimo cyo kugabanuka nacyo kinini; mugihe ukoresheje ibibyimba, ifasha ifasha ifasha ifite aside stearic, alum, nibindi, bishobora kugabanya cyane ubushyuhe bwangirika bwumubyimba kugeza 130 ~ 150 ℃ nyuma yo kongeramo.
3, guhitamo sisitemu yo kurunga
Sisitemu ya Vulcanisation ni ingenzi cyane mubikorwa byubushakashatsi bwibicuruzwa bibyara ifuro, mbere ya byose, niba guhuza sisitemu y’ibirunga hamwe na sisitemu yo kubira ifuro ari urufunguzo rwo gukora neza ibicuruzwa biva mu ifuro. Rubber irashobora kubira ifuro neza, icy'ingenzi ni uburyo bwo gutunga ibishishwa bya reberi kandi inzira yo kubora ya agent ifuro igomba guhuzwa cyane, cyangwa igihe cya sulferi kuruta igihe cyo kubira mbere gato. Kubwibyo, nyuma yo guhitamo sisitemu yibirunga, hindura sisitemu yo kubira ifuro kugirango ihuze, cyangwa nyuma yo guhitamo sisitemu yo kubira ifuro, hindura sisitemu yo kuyihuza kugirango ihuze.
4 choice Guhitamo gushimangira kuzuza
Carbone umukara, silika nibindi bikoresho byongera imbaraga birashobora kongera imbaraga nubukomezi bwibicuruzwa bya rubber, byongeweho bikwiye karisiyumu ya karubone, ibumba nibindi byuzuza bishobora kunoza imikorere yo gutunganya reberi no kugabanya ibiciro. Umukara wa karubone ugomba guhitamo igice cyongerewe imbaraga FEF na SRF karubone yumukara, uwuzuza agomba guhitamo karisiyumu yoroheje ya karubone, ibumba, nibindi, amafaranga ntagomba kuba menshi, byaba byiza kopi 20 kugeza 40.
5 、 Guhitamo plastike
Ibisabwa bya plastike ni: ingaruka nziza ya plastike, igipimo gito, igipimo cyihuta cyihuta, guhuza neza na reberi, guhindagurika kwinshi, nta kwimuka, kutagira uburozi, impumuro nziza, bihendutse kandi byoroshye kubona. Plastiseri irashobora kunoza urwego rwo gukwirakwiza ibintu bivangavanze, uburyo bwo gutunganya no kubumba bya rubber. Ibicuruzwa bya reberi bisaba kugwiza ifuro ryinshi, umubare rusange wa plastiseri wongeyeho ni nini, kandi uhitemo guhuza neza na plastike ya rubber.
6 Guhitamo antioxydeant
Ibikoresho bya reberi bifata imiterere, ubuso bunini ni bunini, ugereranije no gusaza, bigomba guhuzwa na antioxydants. Ihame ryo guhitamo antioxydeant ningaruka nziza zo kurwanya gusaza, ariko kandi ntirigira ingaruka kubora kwa furo. Urashobora guhitamo 4010, 264, MB nizindi antioxydants, ingano irenze ibicuruzwa rusange bya rubber.
7, ihame rya rubber
Gukora reberi ifata ifumbire mvaruganda ya sponge, ihame ni ukongeramo ibibyimba muri rubber yatoranijwe cyangwa kongera kongeramo imiti ifata ifuro, kubora kwa fomu mubushyuhe bwikirunga kugirango irekure gaze, izengurutswe na reberi kugirango ibe umwobo mwinshi 'kugirango reberi yagure ikore sponge.
Ibintu nyamukuru bigena kandi bigira ingaruka kumiterere ya pore ya bubble ni: ingano ya gazi ya agent ihuha, igipimo cyo gukwirakwiza gaze muri reberi, ubwiza bwa reberi n'umuvuduko wa volcanisation, icy'ingenzi muri byo ni uguhuza ingano ya gaze ya gazi, umuvuduko wo kubyara gaze n'umuvuduko wo guturika kwa rubber.
Kugirango ukore ibicuruzwa byiza bya reberi, guhitamo ubwoko bwibikoresho bya agent na sisitemu ya rubber ni urufunguzo. Hariho uburyo bubiri bwihariye:
Ubwa mbere, ukurikije ubushyuhe bwibirunga kugirango uhitemo ubushyuhe bwangirika hamwe nuburyo bukwiye bwo guhuha, hanyuma ukurikije umuvuduko wo kubora kwa agenti uhuha mubushyuhe bwikirunga kugirango uhindure umuvuduko wibirunga bya reberi, nko gukoresha porotokoro yatinze hamwe nabandi bateza imbere hamwe na sisitemu y’ibirunga, birashobora gukoreshwa kugirango uhindure ingano ya poroteri kugirango uhindure umuvuduko w’ibirunga.
Icya kabiri, kubijyanye na sisitemu yo kurunga kugirango hamenyekane umuvuduko w’ibirunga, ukurikije guhitamo ubwoko bwa furo nubunini bukwiye. Ingano yubunini bwa agenti nayo nimwe mubintu byingenzi muguhitamo umuvuduko wo kubora kwa agent. Ingano yingirakamaro iragabanuka, ubuso bwihariye bwibice byiyongera, ubushyuhe bwo kohereza ubushyuhe bwiyongera, kandi umuvuduko wo kubora byihuta, bityo uburinganire buri hagati yumuvuduko wo kubora bwumuvuduko uhuha hamwe n’umuvuduko w’ibirunga wa reberi urashobora guhinduka uhitamo ingano ikwiranye ningingo ikwirakwiza.
Bitatu, tekinoroji yo gutunganya
1
Intangiriro yo guhindagura reberi mbisi ni ugusenya no gusenya urunigi rwa macromolecular. Kunoza plastike ya reberi, kugirango uburyo bwo kuvanga no kuvanga ibintu bivanga byoroshye gukora. Mugutegura ibicuruzwa bya rubber, nibyiza bya plastike ya reberi, byoroshye gukora ibicuruzwa bifite umwobo umwe, ubucucike buto nigipimo gito cyo kugabanuka. Kubwibyo, reberi mbisi igomba kuba yuzuye plastike.
2 、 Ububiko
Rubber imaze kuvangwa, igomba gushyirwa mugihe kirekire gihagije, muri rusange 2 ~ 4h, kugirango inyongeramusaruro zitandukanye zikwirakwizwe rwose muruvange. Kuringaniza inyongera ya reberi iratatanye, niko bigenda bihagarara neza mubunini bwibicuruzwa, ubworoherane bwubuso hamwe nuburinganire bwibibyimba.
3 、 Ubushyuhe
Rubber ifuro yunvikana cyane n'ubushyuhe. Ibikoresho bimwe bya reberi bigira ingaruka zitandukanye kubushyuhe butandukanye. Kuberako sisitemu yo kubira ifuro hamwe na sisitemu yibirunga byumva ubushyuhe butandukanye, guhindura ubushyuhe bwikirunga bizahindura ikibazo cyo guhuza sisitemu yibirunga na sisitemu yo kubira.
4 、 Gushiraho
Uburyo bwo kubumba ibicuruzwa bya rubber bifuro ni: gushushanya ibicuruzwa, kubumba, kubumba, n'ibindi.
