I. Nkatsakanyo wa switirhisiwa swa rhaba leyi nga na foam

Switirhisiwa swa rhaba ya foam swi endliwa hi ndlela ya physical kumbe chemical foaming laha rhaba tani hi base material kuva ku kumiwa switirhisiwa swa xivumbeko xa porous xa rhaba lexi fanaka na xiponci. Thekinoloji leyi yitirhisiwile ngopfu eka ti indasitiri tohambana hambana ta vuhumelerisi, kufana na swisirhelelo swa nyangwa na mafasitere ya timovha, ti cushioning pads, ti gaskets to aka miako, switirhisiwa swa seismic, switirhisiwa swo sirhelela mintlangu, na swin’wana.

1、Mhaka ya rhaba leyi foamed

Leswi vuriwaka foamed rubber switlhela switiveka ngopfu tani hi rubber foaming technology, i kutirhisiwa ka foaming agent yokarhi ku tshungula rhaba, leswaku rhaba yiva na matirhelo yo hlawuleka ya ndlela yo lulamisa. Thekinoloji leyi yitirhisiwa ngopfu eka ndzhawu ya vuhumelerisi bya sweswi, i ndlela leyi tolovelekeke swinene ya ntirho wa vuhumelerisi eka xiyimo lexi.

2、Ku hlawuriwa ka switirhisiwa swa rhaba leyi foamed

Switirhisiwa swa rhaba leyi foamed sweswi i xin’wana xa switirhisiwa leswi tirhisiwaka ngopfu eka nsimu ya vuhumelerisi, leswinga avanyisiwa hi tinxaka timbirhi ta xivumbeko xa microporous na xivumbeko xa porous kuya hi ti pores. Naswona xivumbeko xa microporous xinga avanyisiwa hi switirhisiwa swohambana swa foaming na switirhisiwa swa foaming leswi yaka emahlweni. Kuya hi raw material ya rhaba yinga avanyisiwa eka xitirhisiwa lexi kuva switirhisiwa swa ntumbuluko swa rhaba foaming, switirhisiwa swa isoprene foaming, switirhisiwa swa SBR foaming, switirhisiwa swa ethylene propylene rubber foaming, na swin’wana.

Xavumbirhi, switirhisiwa swa rhaba ya foam na nxopaxopo

Switirhisiwa swa rhaba leswinga foamed switirhisiwa ngopfu eka vaaki va sweswi, maendlelo ya yona ya vuhumelerisi na vuhumelerisi xikan’we na thermoplastic foaming yina misava yohambana, yina rivilo ra vulcanization cross-linking xikan’we na rivilo ra ku bola ka foaming agent kuva yi fambelana na xiphiqo. Hi leswaku, nchumu wa rhaba lowu humelelaka ku foaming ku engetela eka rivilo ra cross-linking kuna vuxaka bya le kusuhi exikarhi ka endlelo ra vulcanization ra switirhisiwa swa rhaba na ku bola ka xitirhisiwa xo pfurha swi humelela loko nsinya wa nawu hi xisekelo wu fana, i ku engeteriwa ka rirhangu ro ndlandlamuxa gasi ku humesa endlelo ro lwisana leri fambelanaka.

1、Ku hlawuriwa ka swilo leswikulu

Eka maendlelo yo endla, hi ntolovelo swilava swikongomelo swokarhi swa xitirhisiwa ku hlawula switirhisiwa swa miri wa rhaba ya sayense, switirhisiwa leswi eka ku hlawuriwa ka matimba yo olova, yo ringanela, nhlayo ya kahle ya elasticity ya switirhisiwa swa rhaba ya ntumbuluko, kambe na ku hlawula rhaba yin’wana yo endliwa ku fikelela swilaveko swa xiendliwa. Eka vuhumelerisi bya switirhisiwa swa foam leswi nga ngheniwiki hi oyili, ku engetela eka xilaveko xo hlawula rhaba ya sayense leyi ringaneleke ya nitrile, kambe na ku kambisisa mpimo na vuxaka bya neoprene, naswona hambi ku ri ku fikelela swilaveko swa switirhisiwa swin’wana swo hlawuleka, u nga ha tlhela u tirhisa tinxaka timbirhi kumbe ku tlula ta rhaba na xivumbeko.

2、Ku hlawuriwa ka xiaki xa foaming

Foaming agent i xihlanganisi xa nkoka swinene eka vuhumelerisi hinkwabyo bya rhaba leyi foamed, naswona ku hlawuriwa ka yona swi fambelana swinene na vukorhokeri na khwalithi ya ntirho. Hiku angarhela, matirhelo ya kahle ya switirhisiwa swa foaming swifanele ku hlawula xitirhisiwa xa sayense na lexi ringaneleke xa foaming, na nhlayo ya foaming agent, kutirhisiwa ka tindlela to fikelela swilaveko swa sweswi swa nhluvukiso wa vaaki. Sweswi, xitirhisiwa xo pfurha ngopfu ngopfu xina xitirhisiwa xo pfurha xa organic na xitirhisiwa xo pfurha xa inorganic swimbirhi. Inorganic blowing agent ngopfu ngopfu yivula sodium bicarbonate, ammonium bicarbonate, urea, etc. Switirhisiwa leswi swo pfurha swina swipfuno swa rivilo ro hatlisa ro bola xikan’we na mahiselo yale hansi eka xitirhisiwa, hi theoretically matirhelo ya yona ya foaming nayona ya antswa. Tani hileswi gasi leyi humelerisiwaka hi thekinoloji leyi eka xikombelo yinga ngopfu carbon dioxide na ammonia, na swin’wana, vukona bya tigasi leti swiendla leswaku xivumbeko xa rhaba xiva na permeability coefficient leyikulu, swa tika ku tumbuluxa rhaba ya foam leyi pfalekeke, vuhumelerisi bya foam rubber ya khwalithi yale hansi, matimba yale hansi, shrinkage, ya olova ku deformation, hikokwalaho swa olova swinene kuva yitirhisa yiri yoxe eka ntirho, naswona hiku angarhela yinga tirhisiwa tani hi organic foaming agent ku yi tirhisa.

Ntirho wa sweswi, hi tolovele ku tirhisa foaming agent ngopfu ngopfu yi na nitrogen dicarbonamide, nitroso, dibenzosulfonyl hydrazide ether, etc.. Switirhisiwa leswi eka ku tirhisiwa ka mahiselo ya yona yo bola i kwalomu ka 200 °C kumbe ku tlula, naswona eka endlelo ra vuhumelerisi swi tlhela swi lava ku engetela swin’wana swo pfuneta ku pfurha, ku fana na urea, magnesium oxide, zinc oxide, etc.., so its ku bola ka hunguteka swinene, ku bola hi ku hisa ka gasi leyi humelerisiwaka ngopfu ngopfu ku na nayitrojini, khaboni dayokisayidi, ammonia, na swin’wana, tigasi leti a ti na chefu ntsena, a ti nun’hweli, naswona hambi ku ri na vuyelo byo ka ti nga thyakisi mbango, a ti cinci muhlovo. Vukulu bya pore bya switirhisiwa swa rubber foam leswi endliweke hi foaming agent i byikulu, naswona mpimo wa ku hunguteka na wona wukulu; loko ku tirhisiwa foaming agent, auxiliary foaming agent yina stearic acid, alum, na swin’wana, leswinga hunguta swinene mahiselo ya ku bola ka foaming agent kuya eka 130~150°C endzhaku ko chela.

3, ku hlawuriwa ka fambiselo ra vulcanization

Vulcanization system yina nkoka swinene eka maendlelo ya ndzavisiso wa switirhisiwa swa foaming, xosungula, loko ku fambelanisiwa ka vulcanization system na foaming system swiri xilotlelo xo endla matirhelo ya kahle ya switirhisiwa swa foaming. Rhaba yinga endliwa foam hiku humelela, nchumu wa nkoka swinene i vulcanization process ya rhaba naswona maendlelo ya decomposition ya foaming agent yafanele kuva hi xisekelo ya synchronized, kumbe nkarhi wa sulphur kutlula nkarhi wa foaming nyana emahlweni. Hikokwalaho, endzhaku ko hlawula endlelo ra vulcanization, lulamisa endlelo ra foaming leswaku ri fambelana na rona, kutani endzhaku ko hlawula endlelo ra foaming, lulamisa endlelo ra vulcanization leswaku ri fambelana na rona.

4、Ku hlawuriwa ka filler yo tiyisisa

Carbon black, silica na swin’wana swo tiyisisa swinga antswisa matimba naku tiya ka switirhisiwa swa rhaba leyi foamed, ku engeteriwa loku faneleke ka calcium carbonate, vumba na swin’wana leswi tatiwaka swinga antswisa matirhelo yaku lulamisiwa ka rhaba xikan’we naku hunguta ku durha. Carbon black yifanele ku hlawula semi-reinforced FEF na SRF carbon black, filler yifanele ku hlawula light calcium carbonate, vumba, na swin’wana, nhlayo ayi fanelanga kuva yitala ngopfu, swikahle kuva 20 kuya eka 40 wa tikopi.

5、Ku hlawuriwa ka plasticizer

Swilaveko swa plasticizer i: mbuyelo wa kahle wa plasticizing, mpimo wale hansi, mpimo wo hatlisa wo tswonga, ku fambisana kahle na rhaba, ku cinca cinca lokuntsongo, kungari na ku rhurha, kungari na chefu, kungari na nun’hwelo, aswi durhi naswona swa olova ku swikuma. Plasticizer yinga antswisa degree ya ku hangalaka ka compounding agent, processability xikan’we naku vumbiwa ka blend ya rhaba. Switirhisiwa swa rhaba ya foam leswi lavaka foam multiplier yale henhla, nhlayo yo angarhela ya plasticizer leyi engeteriweke yikulu, naswona hlawula ku fambisana kahle na plasticizer ya rhaba.

6、Ku hlawuriwa ka antioxidant

Switirhisiwa swa rhaba ya foam eka xivumbeko xa porous, ndzhawu yale henhla yikulu, ya olova swinene ku dyuhala, yifanele ku hlanganisiwa na ti antioxidants. Nsinya wa nawu waku hlawula antioxidant i mbuyelo wa kahle wa anti-aging, kambe nakambe awu khumbi ku bola ka foaming agent. Kunga hlawula 4010, 264, MB na ti antioxidants tin’wana, nhlayo ya kutlula switirhisiwa swa rhaba hiku angarhela.

7, nsinya wa nawu wa ku endla foam ya rhaba

Solid rubber foaming production ya rubber sponge, nsinya wa nawu iku engetela foaming agent eka rhaba leyi hlawuriweke kutani u tlhela u engetela foaming agent, ku bola ka foaming agent eka mahiselo ya vulcanization kuva yi humesa gasi, leyi rhendzeriweke hi rhaba kuva yi endla bubble hole 'leswaku ku anama ka rhaba kuva yi endla xiponci.

Swilo leswikulu leswi lawulaka naku khumba xivumbeko xa bubble pore i: nhlayo ya gasi ya blowing agent, mpimo wa ku hangalaka ka gasi eka rhaba, viscosity ya rhaba xikan’we na rivilo ra vulcanization, leswinga swa nkoka swinene i ku fambelanisiwa ka nhlayo ya gasi ya blowing agent, rivilo ra ku tumbuluxiwa ka gasi na rivilo ra vulcanization ya rhaba.

Ku endla switirhisiwa swo antswa swa rhaba, ku hlawuriwa ka tinxaka ta blowing agent na rubber vulcanization system i xilotlelo. Ku ni tindlela timbirhi leti kongomeke:

Xosungula, kuya hi mahiselo ya vulcanization ku hlawula mahiselo ya ku bola xikan’we na xitirhisiwa xo pfurha lexi faneleke, kutani kuya hi rivilo ra ku bola ra xitirhisiwa xo pfurha eka mahiselo ya vulcanization ku lulamisa rivilo ra vulcanization ra rhaba, kufana na kutirhisiwa ka late promoter na ti promoters tin’wana xikan’we na vulcanization system, swinga tirhisiwa ku lulamisa nhlayo ya promoter ku lulamisa rivilo ra vulcanization.

Xavumbirhi, eka xiyimo xa vulcanization system ku kumisisa rivilo ra vulcanization, kuya hi ku hlawuriwa ka tinxaka ta foam xikan’we na vukulu bya ti particle lebyi faneleke. Vukulu bya ti particle ta xitirhisiwa xo pfurha na byona i xin’wana xa swilo swa nkoka swinene eka ku kumisisa rivilo ra ku bola ka xitirhisiwa xo pfurha. Vukulu bya ti particles bya hunguteka, ndzhawu yokarhi yale henhla ya ti particles ya tlakuka, vukorhokeri bya ku hundziseriwa ka kuhisa bya tlakuka, naswona rivilo ra ku bola ra hatlisisiwa, hikokwalaho ku ringanisela exikarhi ka rivilo ra ku bola ka xitirhisiwa xo pfurha na rivilo ra vulcanization ra rhaba swinga lulamisiwa hiku hlawula vukulu bya ti particle lebyi faneleke bya xitirhisiwa xo pfurha.

Xa vunharhu, thekinoloji yo lulamisa

1、Ku endla pulasitiki

Nkoka wa ku endla plastiki ya rhaba yoka yinga swekiwanga iku tshoveka naku herisa macromolecular chain ya rhaba. Ku antswisa plasticity ya rhaba, leswaku endlelo ro hlanganisa naku hlanganisa ra compounding agent swi olova ku ri endla. Eka ku lulamisiwa ka switirhisiwa swa rhaba ya foam, loko plasticity ya rhaba yi antswa, swa olova ku endla switirhisiwa leswingana ti bubble holes leti fanaka, density leyintsongo xikan’we na shrinkage rate leyintsongo. Hikokwalaho, rhaba leyinga swekiwanga yifanele kuva yiva na plastiki hiku hetiseka.

2、Ku hlayisa

Endzhaku kaloko rhaba yi hlanganisiwile, yifanele ku vekiwa kuringana nkarhi woleha swinene, hi xitalo 2~4h, leswaku swiengeteri swohambana hambana swi hangalaka hiku hetiseka eka nkatsakanyo wa rhaba. Loko swiengeteri swa rhaba swi hangalasiwa hiku ringana, ku tiya ka vukulu bya xiendliwa, ku olova ka vuandlalo xikan’we naku fana ka ti bubbles.

3、Ku hisa ka xiyimo

Rubber foam yiva na vuxiyaxiya swinene eka mahiselo. Nchumu wun’we wa rhaba wuna switandzhaku swohambana hambana swa foaming eka mahiselo yohambana hambana. Hikuva endlelo ra foaming na sisiteme ya vulcanization swina vuxiyaxiya eka mahiselo hindlela yohambana, ku cinca mahiselo ya vulcanization swita lulamisa nakambe xiphiqo xaku fambisana na sisiteme ya vulcanization na sisiteme ya foaming.

4、Ku vumba

Maendlelo yo vumba switirhisiwa swa rhaba leyi foamed i: extrusion molding, molding, flat molding, etc. Switirhisiwa swa EPDM foamed switala kutirhisiwa eka extrusion molding, naswona NBR yitirhisiwa ngopfu eka ku vumba.