I. Nkatsakanyo wa switirhisiwa swa rhaba leswi nga ni fomo .

Switirhisiwa swa rhaba ya foam swihumelerisiwa hi ndlela ya physical kumbe chemical foaming hi rhaba tani hi base material kuva ku kumiwa switirhisiwa swa porous swa rhaba leswi fanaka na xiponci. Thekinoloji leyi yi tirhisiwile ngopfu eka tiindasitiri to hambana ta vuhumelerisi, ku fana na swipfalo swa nyangwa wa mimovha na mafasitere, ti cushioning pads, ti gasket to aka miako, switirhisiwa swa ku tsekatseka ka misava, switirhisiwa swa nsirhelelo wa mintlangu, na swin’wana.

1、Mhaka ya rhaba leyi nga ni fomo .

Leswi vuriwaka rhaba leyi nga ni foam yi tlhela yi tiviwa ngopfu tanihi thekinoloji ya ku endla foma ya rhaba, i ku tirhisiwa ka xitirhisiwa xo karhi xo endla foam ku tshungula rhaba, lerova rhaba yi ni xivumbeko xa xivumbeko xa ndlela yo lulamisa. Thekinoloji leyi yitirhisiwa ngopfu eka ntirho wa sweswi wa vuhumelerisi, i ndlela leyi tolovelekeke swinene ya ntirho wa vuhumelerisi eka xiyimo lexi.

2、Ku hlawuriwa ka switirhisiwa swa rhaba leswi nga ni fomo .

Switirhisiwa swa rhaba leswinga foamed sweswi i xin’wana xa switirhisiwa leswi tirhisiwaka ngopfu eka ndzhawu ya vuhumelerisi, leswinga avanyisiwa hi tinxaka timbirhi ta xivumbeko xa microporous xikan’we na xivumbeko xa porous kuya hi ti pores. Naswona xivumbeko xa microporous xinga avanyisiwa hi switirhisiwa swohambana swa foaming xikan’we na switirhisiwa leswi yaka emahlweni swa foaming. Hikuya hi raw material ya rhaba yinga avanyisiwa hi xitirhisiwa lexi kuva switirhisiwa swa ntumbuluko swa rhaba leswi endlaka foaming, switirhisiwa swa isoprene foaming, switirhisiwa swa SBR foaming, switirhisiwa swa ethylene propylene rubber foaming, na swin’wana.

Xa vumbirhi, switirhisiwa swa rhaba ya foam leswi nga ni nxopaxopo .

Switirhisiwa swa rhaba leswinga foamed switirhisiwa ngopfu eka vaaki va sweswi, maendlelo ya yona ya vuhumelerisi na vuhumelerisi na thermoplastic foaming swina misava ya ku hambana, yina vulcanization cross-linking speed xikan’we na rivilo ra decomposition ya foaming agent kuva yi fambelana na xiphiqo. Hi leswaku, nchumu wa rhaba lowu humelelaka ku foaming ku engetela eka rivilo ra ku hlanganisa ku tsemakanya Ku na vuxaka bya le kusuhi exikarhi ka endlelo ra vulcanization ra switirhisiwa swa rhaba na ku bola ka xiaki xo pfurha swi humelela loko nsinya wa nawu hi xisekelo wu fana, i ku engeteriwa ka rirhangu ro andzisa gasi ku humesa endlelo ro lwisana leri fambelanaka.

1、Ku hlawula ka swilo leswikulu .

Eka endlelo ro endla, hi ntolovelo swi lava swikongomelo swokarhi swa xitirhisiwa ku hlawula switirhisiwa swa miri wa rhaba ya sayense, switirhisiwa leswi eka ku hlawuriwa ka matimba yo olova, yo ringanela, nhlayo ya kahle ya ku olova ka switirhisiwa swa rhaba ya ntumbuluko, kambe na ku hlawula rhaba yin’wana yo endliwa ku fikelela swilaveko swa xitirhisiwa. Eka vuhumelerisi bya switirhisiwa swa foam leswinga lwisaniki na mafurha, ku engetela eka xilaveko xo hlawula rhaba ya nitrile ya sayense leyi ringaneleke, kambe na ku xopaxopa mpimo na vuxaka bya neoprene, hambi kuri ku fikelela swilaveko swa switirhisiwa swin’wana swo hlawuleka, unga tlhela u tirhisa tinxaka timbirhi kumbe kutlula ta rhaba na xivumbeko.

2、Ku hlawula ka muyimeri wa foaming .

Foaming agent i xihlanganisi xa nkoka swinene eka vuhumelerisi hinkwabyo bya foamed rubber, naswona ku hlawuriwa ka yona swi fambelana swinene na vukorhokeri na khwalithi ya ntirho. Hiku angarhela, matirhelo ya kahle ya switirhisiwa swa foaming yafanele ku hlawula scientific and reasonable foaming agent, na nhlayo ya foaming agent, kutirhisiwa ka tindlela ku fikelela swilaveko swa sweswi swa nhluvukiso wa vaaki. Sweswi, xitirhisiwa xo pfurha ngopfu ngopfu xi na organic blowing agent na inorganic blowing agent ya vumbirhi. Inorganic blowing agent ngopfu ngopfu yivula sodium bicarbonate, ammonium bicarbonate, urea, etc. Switirhisiwa leswi swo pfurha swina swipfuno swa rivilo ra ku bola hiku hatlisa na mahiselo yale hansi eka xitirhisiwa, hi theory matirhelo ya yona ya foaming na wona ya antswa. Tanihi leswi gasi leyi humesiwaka hi thekinoloji leyi eka xitirhisiwa ngopfu-ngopfu yi nga carbon dioxide na ammonia, na swin’wana, vukona bya tigasi leti byi endla leswaku xivumbeko xa rhaba xi va na coefficient leyikulu ya permeability, swa tika ku tumbuluxa rhaba ya foam leyi pfalekeke, vuhumelerisi bya foam rubber quality, low strength, shrinkage, swi olova ku swi tirhisa, hikwalaho swi olova swinene ku swi tirhisa ku tirhisiwa hi ndlela yo olova eka ntirho, naswona hi ntolovelo swi nga tirhisiwa tani hi leswi swi nga na ku onhaka ka ku onhaka, leswaku swi olova swinene, leswaku swi olova ku swi tirhisa.

Ntirho wa sweswi, hi tala ku tirhisiwa foaming agent ngopfu ngopfu yi na nitrogen dicarbonamide, nitroso, dibenzosulfonyl hydrazide ether, na swin’wana na swin’wana. yi hungutiwile swinene, ku bola ka ku hisa ka gasi leyi humesiwaka ngopfu-ngopfu ku ni nitrogen, carbon dioxide, ammonia, ni swin’wana, tigasi leti a ti na chefu ntsena, a ti nun’hweli, naswona hambi ku ri ku va ni vuyelo byo ka byi nga thyakisi mbango, a ti cinci muhlovo. Pore ​​size ya switirhisiwa swa foam swa rhaba leswi endliweke hi foaming agent yikulu, naswona shrinkage rate nayona yikulu; Loko ku tirhisiwa foaming agent, auxiliary foaming agent yina stearic acid, alum, na swin’wana, leswinga hunguta swinene mahiselo ya decomposition ya foaming agent kuya eka 130~150°C endzhaku ko engetela.

3, ku hlawuriwa ka fambiselo ra vulcanization .

Vulcanization system yina nkoka swinene eka endlelo ra ndzavisiso wa switirhisiwa swa foaming, xosungula, loko ku fambelanisiwa ka matimba ya vulcanization na foaming system swiri xilotlelo xo endla matirhelo ya kahle ya switirhisiwa swa foaming. Rubber yinga foam hindlela leyi humelelaka, nchumu wa nkoka swinene i vulcanization process ya rhaba naswona decomposition process ya foaming agent yifanele kuva hi xisekelo yi fambisana, kumbe nkarhi wa sulphur kutlula nkarhi wa foaming lowu nga emahlweni nyana. Hikokwalaho, endzhaku ko hlawula endlelo ra vulcanization, lulamisa endlelo ra foaming leswaku rita fambisana na rona, kumbe endzhaku ko hlawula sisiteme ya foaming, lulamisa endlelo ra vulcanization leswaku rita fambisana na rona.

4、Ku hlawula ka reinforcing filler .

Carbon black, silica na swin’wana swo tiyisisa swi nga antswisa matimba na ku tiya ka switirhisiwa swa rhaba leswi nga na foam, ku engeteriwa loku faneleke ka calcium carbonate, vumba na swin’wana swo tata swi nga antswisa matirhelo ya ku lulamisiwa ka rhaba na ku hunguta ku durha. Carbon Black yifanele ku hlawula semi-reinforced FEF na SRF carbon black, filler yifanele ku hlawula light calcium carbonate, vumba, na swin’wana, nhlayo ayi fanelanga kuva yi tele ngopfu, swikahle kuva yiri 20 kuya eka 40 wa tikopi.

5、Ku hlawula ka plasticizer .

Swilaveko swa plasticizer i: mbuyelo wa kahle wa plasticizing, mpimo wale hansi, hiku hatlisa ku amukeriwa, ku fambisana kahle na rhaba, ku cinca-cinca lokuntsongo, ku pfumala ku rhurha, ku nga ri na chefu, ku pfumala nun’hwelo, ku nga durhi naswona swi olova ku swi kuma. Plasticizer yinga antswisa degree ya dispersion ya compounding agent, processability xikan’we naku vumbiwa ka rubber blend. Switirhisiwa swa rhaba ya foam leswi lavaka multiplier ya foam yale henhla, nhlayo ya xitalo ya plasticizer leyi engeteriweke yikulu, naswona hlawula ku fambisana kahle na rhaba ya pulasitiki.

6、Ku hlawuriwa ka antioxidant .

Switirhisiwa swa rhaba ya foam swa xivumbeko xa porous, ndzhawu yale henhla yikulu, yi olova swinene ku dyuhala, yifanele ku hlanganisiwa na ti antioxidants. Nsinya wa nawu wa ku hlawula antioxidant i mbuyelo wa kahle wa anti-aging, kambe wutlhela wu khumba ku bola ka foaming agent. Kunga hlawula 4010, 264, MB na ti antioxidants tin’wana, nhlayo yo tlula switirhisiwa swa rhaba hi ku angarhela.

7, nsinya wa nawu wa ku endla foam ya rhaba .

Vuhumelerisi bya foaming bya rhaba leyi tiyeke ya xiponci xa rhaba, nsinya wa nawu i ku engetela foaming agent eka rhaba leyi hlawuriweke kutani u tlhela u engetela foaming agent, ku bola ka foaming agent eka mahiselo ya vulcanization ku humesa gasi, leyi rhendzeriweke hi rhaba ku endla bubble hole ‘leswaku ku andzisiwa ka rhaba ku vumba xiponci.

Swilo leswikulu leswi lawulaka no khumba xivumbeko xa bubble pore hi leswi: nhlayo ya gasi ya blowing agent, mpimo wa ku hangalaka ka gasi eka rhaba, viscosity ya rhaba na rivilo ra vulcanization, leswi nga na nkoka swinene eka swona i ku fambisana ka nhlayo ya gasi ya blowing agent, rivilo ra ku tumbuluxiwa ka gasi na rivilo ra vulcanization ya rhaba.

Ku endla switirhisiwa swo antswa swa rhaba, ku hlawuriwa ka tinxaka ta blowing agent na rubber vulcanization system i xilotlelo. Ku ni tindlela timbirhi leti kongomeke:

Xosungula, kuya hi mahiselo ya vulcanization ku hlawula mahiselo ya decomposition xikan’we na blowing agent leyi faneleke, kutani kuya hi rivilo ra decomposition ra blowing agent eka temperature ya vulcanization kuva ku lulamisiwa rivilo ra vulcanization ra rhaba, kufana na kutirhisiwa ka late promoter na ti promoters tin’wana na ti vulcanization system, swinga tirhisiwa ku lulamisa nhlayo ya promoter kuva yi lulamisa ti speed ta vulcanization.

Tlhandlakambirhi, eka xiyimo xa sisiteme ya vulcanization ku kumisisa rivilo ra vulcanization, kuya hi ku hlawuriwa ka tinxaka ta foam xikan’we na vukulu bya ti particle leti faneleke. Vukulu bya ti particle ta blowing agent na byona i xin’wana xa swilo swa nkoka swinene eka ku kumisisa rivilo ra ku bola ra xitirhisiwa xo pfurha. Vukulu bya ti particle bya hunguteka, ndzhawu yokarhi yale henhla ya ti particles yikula, vuswikoti byo hundzisela kuhisa byi tlakuka, naswona rivilo ra ku bola ra hatlisisiwa, hikokwalaho ku ringanisela exikarhi ka rivilo ra ku bola ka xiaki xo pfurha na rivilo ra vulcanization ra rhaba swinga lulamisiwa hiku hlawula vukulu bya ti particle lebyi faneleke bya xiaki xo pfurha.

Tinharhu, Thekinoloji yo lulamisa .

1、Plasticizing .

Nkoka wa ku endla rhaba yo ka yi nga swekiwanga ya pulasitiki i ku tshoveka no herisa macromolecular chain ya rhaba. Ku antswisa pulasitiki ya rhaba, leswaku endlelo ro hlanganisa na ku hlanganisa ra xiaki xa nkatsakanyo ri olova ku ri endla. Eku lunghiseleleni ka switirhisiwa swa rhaba ya foam, loko pulasitiki ya rhaba yi antswa, swi olova ku endla switirhisiwa leswi nga na makhumbi ya bubble lama fanaka, ku tsindziyela lokuntsongo na mpimo lowuntsongo wa ku hunguteka. Hikwalaho, rhaba leyi nga si swekiwaka yi fanele yi endliwa hi ku helela hi pulasitiki.

2、Vuhlayiselo .

Endzhaku kaloko rhaba yi hlanganisiwile, yifanele ku vekiwa kuringana nkarhi woleha lowu ringaneleke, hi xitalo 2~4h, leswaku swiengeteri swohambana hambana swita hangalaka hiku hetiseka eka nkatsakanyo wa rhaba. Loko swiengeteri swa rhaba swi hangalakile hi ku ringana, ku tshamiseka ka mpimo wa xiendliwa, ku olova ka xivumbeko xa le henhla na ku fana ka swifufunhunu.

3、Temperature .

Rubber foam yiva na vuxiyaxiya swinene eka mahiselo. Nchumu lowu fanaka wa rhaba wuna switandzhaku swohambana hambana swa foaming eka mahiselo yohambana hambana. Hikuva endlelo ra foaming na sisiteme ya vulcanization swiva na vuxiyaxiya eka mahiselo yohambana, ku cinca mahiselo ya vulcanization swita lulamisa xiphiqo xaku fambisana na vulcanization system na foaming system.

4、Ku vumba .

Maendlelo yo vumba ya switirhisiwa swa rhaba leswi nga na foam i: ku vumba ku humesa, ku vumba, ku vumba hi ku rhendzeleka, na swin’wana na swin’wana Switirhisiwa swa EPDM leswi endliweke hi foamed swi tala ku tirhisiwa eka ku vumbiwa ka extrusion, naswona NBR yi tirhisiwa ngopfu eka ku vumba.