I. Chidule cha zinthu za rabara zopangidwa thovu
Zopangira mphira za thovu zimapangidwa ndi njira yakuthupi kapena yamankhwala yotulutsa thovu ndi mphira ngati zinthu zoyambira kuti mupeze zinthu zopangidwa ndi siponji ngati mphira. Tekinolojeyi yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana opanga, monga zitseko zamagalimoto ndi zisindikizo zamawindo, zomangira zomangira, ma gaskets omanga nyumba, zida za chivomezi, malo oteteza masewera, ndi zina zambiri.
1, Lingaliro la mphira wa thovu
The otchedwa thobvu mphira amadziwikanso kuti mphira thobvu luso, ndi ntchito yeniyeni thovu wothandizila kuchitira mphira, kuti mphira ali ndi khalidwe ntchito njira processing. Ukadaulo uwu umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'munda wamakono wopanga, ndiyo njira yodziwika bwino yopangira ntchito panthawiyi.
2, Gulu la zinthu mphira thovu
Zopangira mphira zopangidwa ndi thovu pakadali pano ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pantchito yopanga, zomwe zitha kugawidwa m'mitundu iwiri yamapangidwe ang'onoang'ono ndi ma pores malinga ndi pores. Ndipo mawonekedwe a microporous amatha kugawidwa m'magulu osiyanasiyana otulutsa thovu ndi zinthu zotulutsa thovu mosalekeza. Malinga ndi zopangira mphira akhoza kugawidwa mu mankhwala achilengedwe mphira thobvu zinthu, isoprene thobvu zinthu, SBR thovu mankhwala, ethylene propylene mphira thobvu thovu, etc.
Chachiwiri, mankhwala a mphira wa thovu ndi kusanthula
Zopangira mphira zopangidwa ndi thovu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'magulu apano, kupanga ndi kupanga kwake komanso kutulutsa thovu kwa thermoplastic kumakhala ndi kusiyana kwapadziko lonse lapansi, kumakhala ndi liwiro lolumikizana ndi vulcanization komanso kuthamanga kwa kuwonongeka kwa wotulutsa thovu kuti agwirizane ndi vutoli. Ndiko kunena kuti, zinthu mphira bwino thovu kuwonjezera pa liwiro mtanda kulumikiza pali ubale wapafupi pakati pa ndondomeko vulcanization wa zipangizo mphira ndi kuwonongeka kwa wothandizila kuwomba kumachitika pamene mfundo ndi chimodzimodzi, ndi kutambasuka kwa khoma kukula kwa mpweya kubala lolingana kukana ndondomeko.
1, Kusankha kwa zinthu zazikulu
Popanga, nthawi zambiri amafuna zolinga zenizeni za mankhwala kusankha zipangizo sayansi mphira thupi, zipangizo zimenezi kusankha zofewa, zolimbitsa mphamvu, wabwino kuchuluka kwa elasticity wa zinthu zachilengedwe mphira, komanso kusankha mphira yokumba kuti akwaniritse zosowa za mankhwala. Pakuti kupanga mafuta zosagwira thovu mankhwala, kuwonjezera pa kufunika kusankha wololera sayansi mphira nitrile, komanso kusanthula kuchuluka ndi ubale wa neoprene, ndipo ngakhale kukwaniritsa zosowa za mankhwala apadera, mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu iwiri kapena kuposa ya mphira ndi mawonekedwe.
2, Kusankhidwa kwa wothandizira thovu
Wotulutsa thovu ndiye ulalo wofunikira kwambiri pakupanga mphira wokhala ndi thovu, ndipo kusankha kwake kumagwirizana kwambiri ndi magwiridwe antchito komanso ntchito yabwino. Nthawi zambiri, ntchito yabwino ya zinthu thovu ayenera kusankha sayansi ndi wololera thovu wothandizila, ndi kuchuluka kwa thovu wothandizila, kugwiritsa ntchito njira kukwaniritsa zofunika panopa chikhalidwe chitukuko. Pakali pano, choombera chimakhala ndi organic kuwomba wothandizila ndi inorganic kuwomba awiri. Inorganic kuwomba wothandizila makamaka amatanthauza sodium bicarbonate, ammonium bicarbonate, urea, etc. Izi kuwomba wothandizila ndi ubwino wa kudya kuwola liwiro ndi kutentha otsika mu ntchito, theoretically ake thovu ntchito ndi bwino. Monga mpweya opangidwa ndi luso limeneli mu ntchito makamaka mpweya woipa ndi ammonia, etc., pamaso pa mpweya izi zimapangitsa dongosolo labala kukhala lalikulu permeability coefficient, n'zovuta kulenga chatsekedwa-dzenje thovu mphira, kupanga thovu mphira otsika khalidwe, mphamvu otsika, shrinkage, zosavuta mapindikidwe, choncho n'zosavuta kwambiri ntchito yekha mu ntchito organic akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati fonding.
ntchito panopa, ife kaŵirikaŵiri ntchito thovu wothandizila makamaka lili nayitrogeni dicarbonamide, nitroso, dibenzosulfonyl hydrazide efa, etc .. Zinthu zimenezi mu ntchito ya kuwonongeka kwake kutentha ndi za 200 ℃ kapena kuposa, ndi kupanga ndondomeko ayeneranso kuwonjezera wothandizila kuwomba wothandizila, monga urea, magnesium oxide, commal okusayidi, etc. kuwonongeka kwa mpweya opangidwa makamaka lili nayitrogeni, mpweya woipa, ammonia, etc., mipweya si sanali poizoni, odorless, ndipo ngakhale ali ndi mwayi osati kuipitsa chilengedwe, osati discolored. Kukula kwa pore kwa zinthu zopangidwa ndi thovu zopangidwa ndi thovu ndizokulirapo, ndipo kuchuluka kwa shrinkage ndikokulirapo; mukamagwiritsa ntchito thovu, wothandizira thovu ali ndi asidi stearic, alum, ndi zina zotero, zomwe zingachepetse kwambiri kutentha kwa mpweya wotulutsa thovu mpaka 130 ~ 150 ℃ mutawonjezera.
3, kusankha kwa dongosolo vulcanization
Vulcanization system ndi yofunika kwambiri pakafukufuku wa zinthu zotulutsa thovu, choyamba, ngati kufananiza kwa vulcanization system ndi foaming system ndiye chinsinsi chothandizira kuchita bwino kwa zinthu zotulutsa thovu. Labala ikhoza kukhala thovu, chinthu chofunika kwambiri ndi ndondomeko ya vulcanization ya mphira ndi kuwonongeka kwa wopangira thovu ayenera kugwirizanitsa, kapena nthawi ya sulfure kuposa nthawi yotulutsa thovu patsogolo pang'ono. Choncho, mutatha kusankha vulcanization dongosolo, kusintha thovu dongosolo zigwirizane izo, kapena pambuyo posankha thovu dongosolo, kusintha dongosolo vulcanization kuti zigwirizane izo.
4, Kusankhidwa kwa kulimbikitsa filler
Mpweya wakuda, silika ndi zolimbitsa zina zimatha kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu ndi kuuma kwa zinthu za mphira zopangidwa ndi thovu, kuwonjezera koyenera kwa calcium carbonate, dongo ndi zodzaza zina zimatha kupititsa patsogolo ntchito ya rabala ndikuchepetsa mtengo. Mpweya wakuda uyenera kusankha FEF yowonjezeredwa pang'ono ndi SRF wakuda wa kaboni, chodzaza chiyenera kusankha kuwala kwa calcium carbonate, dongo, ndi zina zotero, kuchuluka kwake sikuyenera kukhala kochuluka, makamaka makope 20 mpaka 40.
5, Kusankha kwa plasticizer
Zofunikira za pulasitiki ndi: zotsatira zabwino za plasticizing, mlingo wochepa, kuthamanga kwa mayamwidwe, kugwirizanitsa bwino ndi mphira, kusasunthika pang'ono, kusamuka, zopanda poizoni, zopanda fungo, zotsika mtengo komanso zosavuta kupeza. Plasticizer imatha kupititsa patsogolo kuchuluka kwa kubalalitsidwa kwa wophatikizira, kusinthika ndi kuumba kwa mphira wophatikizika. Zopangira mphira za thovu zomwe zimafunikira kuchulukitsira thovu, kuchuluka kwa pulasitiki komwe kumawonjezeredwa ndikokulirapo, ndikusankha kuyanjana kwabwino ndi mphira wapulasitiki.
6, Kusankha kwa antioxidant
Chithovu mphira mankhwala porous dongosolo, pamwamba m`dera lalikulu, ndi zosavuta kukalamba, ayenera pamodzi ndi antioxidants. Mfundo yosankha antioxidant ndi yabwino odana ndi ukalamba zotsatira, komanso samakhudza kuwonongeka kwa thovu wothandizira. Mutha kusankha 4010, 264, MB ndi antioxidants ena, kuchuluka kwa zinthu zambiri za mphira.
7, mfundo ya mphira thovu
Olimba mphira thobvu kupanga mphira siponji, mfundo ndi kuwonjezera thobvu wothandizila mu mphira anasankha kapena kuwonjezeranso thovu wothandizila, kuwonongeka kwa wochititsa thobvu mu vulcanization kutentha kumasula mpweya, atazingidwa ndi mphira kupanga kuwira dzenje 'kuti kukula mphira kupanga siponji.
Mfundo zazikuluzikulu zomwe zimatsimikizira ndi kukhudza mapangidwe a pore ndi: kuchuluka kwa mpweya wowomba, kuchuluka kwa mpweya mu rabara, kukhuthala kwa mphira ndi kuthamanga kwa vulcanization, zomwe zimatsutsana kwambiri ndi kuchuluka kwa mpweya wowomba, kuthamanga kwa gasi ndi liwiro la vulcanization ya rabara.
Kuti mupange zinthu zabwino za mphira, kusankha kwa mitundu yoombera ndi makina opangira mphira ndikofunikira. Pali njira ziwiri zapadera:
Choyamba, malinga ndi kutentha vulcanization kusankha kutentha kutentha ndi yoyenera kuwomba wothandizila, ndiyeno malinga ndi kuwonongeka liwiro la wothandizila kuwomba mu vulcanization kutentha kusintha vulcanization liwiro la mphira, monga ntchito mochedwa kulimbikitsa ndi olimbikitsa ena ndi dongosolo vulcanization, angagwiritsidwe ntchito kusintha kuchuluka kwa vulcanization kusintha liwiro.
Chachiwiri, pa nkhani ya dongosolo vulcanization kudziwa liwiro vulcanization, malinga ndi kusankha chithovu mitundu ndi oyenera tinthu kukula. The tinthu kukula kwa wothandizila kuwomba ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri kudziwa kuwonongeka kuwonongeka kwa wothandizila kuwomba. The tinthu kukula amachepetsa, enieni pamwamba m`dera la particles ukuwonjezeka, kutentha kutengerapo Mwachangu ukuwonjezeka, ndi kuwonongeka liwiro ndi inapita patsogolo, kotero bwino pakati pa kuwonongeka liwiro la wothandizila kuwomba ndi vulcanization liwiro la mphira akhoza kusinthidwa posankha zoyenera tinthu kukula kwa wothandizila kuwomba.
Chachitatu, ukadaulo wa processing
1, pulasitiki
Chofunikira pakupanga mphira yaiwisi ya plasticizing ndikuthyola ndikuwononga macromolecular chain of labala. Limbikitsani pulasitiki ya mphira, kuti kusakaniza ndi kusakaniza njira yopangira mankhwala kumakhala kosavuta kuchita. Pokonzekera mankhwala a mphira wa thovu, kumapangitsa kuti mphira wapulasitiki ukhale wabwino, zimakhala zosavuta kupanga zinthu zokhala ndi mabowo amtundu umodzi, kachulukidwe kakang'ono komanso kuchepa kwazing'ono. Choncho, mphira yaiwisi iyenera kukhala yapulasitiki.
2, Kusungirako
Pambuyo posakanizidwa mphira, uyenera kuyikidwa kwa nthawi yayitali, nthawi zambiri 2 ~ 4h, kuti zowonjezera zosiyanasiyana zimabalalitsidwa mumsanganizo wa rabara. Zowonjezereka zowonjezereka zowonjezera mphira zimabalalika, zimakhala bwino kukhazikika kwa kukula kwa mankhwala, kusalala kwa pamwamba ndi kufanana kwa thovu.
3, Kutentha
Chithovu cha mphira chimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kutentha. Zomwezo za mphira zimakhala ndi zotsatira zosiyana za thovu pa kutentha kosiyana. Chifukwa machitidwe a thovu ndi vulcanization dongosolo tcheru kutentha mosiyana, kusintha kutentha vulcanization adzakonza vuto lofananitsa dongosolo vulcanization ndi thovu dongosolo.
4. Kupanga
The akamaumba njira mankhwala thovu mphira ndi: extrusion akamaumba, akamaumba, lathyathyathya akamaumba, etc. EPDM thovu mankhwala ambiri ntchito extrusion akamaumba, ndi NBR ntchito kwambiri akamaumba.
