Ekirungo ekikola ekya kapiira era ekimanyiddwa nga vulcanizing active agent. Ekintu ekitali kya kiramu oba ekiramu ekikozesebwa okufuula ekyuma ekikuba empewo (vulcanization accelerator) okukola. Kiyinza okutumbula obusobozi bwa accelerator, okukendeeza ku bungi bwa accelerator, n’okukendeeza ku budde bwa vulcanization. Most of the inorganic additives are metal oxides, hydroxides and basic carbonates, such as zinc oxide, lead oxide, calcium hydroxide, lead carbonate, etc., the most important thing in organic additives is fatty acids, followed by amines, soaps, etc. Such as stearic acid, dibutyloleic acid amine, zinc stearate, etc. The general dosage is less than 5% of the weight wa kapiira.

Ebirungo ebigattibwamu: Ebintu ebikwata ku nsonga, ebirungi, n’okukozesa

1. Zinc oxide (ZNO) .

Eby'bwanannyini:

• Pawuda omuzungu, atalina kawoowo ng’alina ekisikirize ekinene ennyo (5.6 g/cm3).

• Ekifo ekisaanuuka: 1,975°C; Omuwendo gw’okuziyiza: 2.008–2.029.

• high reactivity nga vulcanization activator.

• Obulwadde bwa UV-blocking n’obuwuka obulwanyisa obuwuka.

Ebirungi:

• Yanguwa okusibwa ekibiriiti (ekendeeza ku budde bw’okuwonya ebitundu 20–30%).

• Erongoosa eby’obutonde eby’ebyuma (amaanyi ag’okusika +15–25%, okuwanvuwa ku kumenya +10–15%).

• FDA-ekkirizibwa okukozesebwa mu kukwatagana n’emmere (21 CFR 172.480).

• Eyamba obutonde bw’ensi (obutali butwa, buddamu okukozesebwa).

Okusaba:

• Emipiira: Emipiira gy’emipiira egy’ekika kya radial egy’ekyuma (Enhances adhesion wakati wa kapiira n’ekyuma).

• Engatto: Ebirungo eby’ebweru (ebirongoosa obuziyiza bw’okusika, ASTM D5963: 50–80 mm3 okufiirwa).

• Obusawo: Gloves z’okulongoosa (obukuumi obuziyiza obulwadde, ASTM E2149).

• adhesives: rubber-to-metal bonding (eyongera amaanyi g’okusekula ebitundu 30–40%).

2. Ekirungo kya phenolic resin .

Eby'bwanannyini:

• Thermosetting polymer nga erina crosslink density enkulu.

• Obuziyiza bw’ebbugumu: Okukozesa obutasalako okutuuka ku 180°C (okutambulira ku 250°C).

• Obukakanyavu obw’amaanyi (Modulus: 2–4 GPA) n’obutebenkevu bw’ebipimo.

• Obuziyiza bwa kemiko eri asidi, base, n’ebizimbulukusa.

Ebirungi:

• egaba okunyweza enzimba (okwongeza obugumu ne 10–20 Shore A).

• Ekiziyiza omuliro (UL94 V-0 rating nga tewali bikozesebwa bya halogen).

• Ekendeeza ku ssente bw’ogeraageranya n’obuveera obw’enjawulo.

• Enkola z’okuwonya ezisobola okulongoosebwa (acid-catalyzed oba heat-activated).

Okusaba:

• Emipiira: Ebirungo by’oku mabbali (birongoosa obuziyiza obusaliddwa, ASTM D624).

• Emisipi gy’amakolero: Emisipi egitambuza embeera z’ebbugumu eringi (okugeza, ebimera bya seminti).

• Ebikozesebwa mu kusika: Paadi za buleeki (ezikuuma omugerageranyo gw’okusikagana ku 0.35–0.45 wansi wa 200°C).

• Foundry: Core Sand Binders (ekendeeza ku nkulaakulana ya ggaasi mu kiseera ky’okusuula).