Ho fapana le thermoplastics, li-elastomers hangata li sebelisoa ho feta mefuta e mengata ea mocheso 'me ka holim'a mocheso oa phetoho ea khalase (Tg). Melemo ea li-elastomers holim'a thermoplastics ke bokhoni ba tsona ba ho hlaphoheloa hoo e batlang e le ka ho feletseng ho tloha boemong bo tsitsitseng (high elasticity), hammoho le elasticity ea bona e akaretsang, boima bo tlaase le thepa e tlaase ea modulus. Ha li-elastomer li sebelisoa ka tlas'a mocheso oa kamore, li bontša ho eketseha ha boima, ho eketseha ha modulus, le ho fokotseha ha elasticity. Ha li-elastomer li sebelisoa ka tlas'a mocheso oa kamore, ho na le tšekamelo ea hore boima bo eketsehe, modulus e eketsehe, elasticity ho fokotseha (tlaase tensile) le khatello e behiloeng ho eketseha. Ho itšetlehile ka bothata ba elastomer, liketsahalo tse peli li ka etsahala ka nako e le 'ngoe - ho thatafala ha khalase le karolo ea crystallization - CR, EPDM, NR ke mehlala e meng ea li-elastomer tse bontšang crystallization.
1. Kakaretso ea tlhahlobo ea mocheso o tlase
Brittleness, compression deformation permanent, retraction, harding and cryogenic harding e 'nile ea sebelisoa ka lilemo tse ngata e le ho khetholla thepa ea polymer ka mocheso o tlaase. Khatello ea khatello ea maikutlo e batla e le ncha 'me e tsepamisitse maikutlo tabeng ea ho fumana matla a ho tiisa ha thepa ka nako e itseng tlas'a maemo a sa tšoaneng a tikoloho.
2. Brittleness Mocheso
ASTM D 2137 e hlalosa mocheso oa brittleness e le mocheso o tlaase ka ho fetisisa oo rabara e nang le vulcanized e ke keng ea bontša ho robeha kapa ho phunyeha tlas'a maemo a itseng a ts'usumetso. Mehlala e mehlano ea rabara ea sebopeho se reriloeng esale pele e lokisoa, e behiloe ka phaposing kapa sebakeng sa mokelikeli, e behiloe tlas'a mocheso o behiloeng bakeng sa 3±0.5min, ebe e fuoa lebelo la tšusumetso ea 2.0±0.2m/s. Mehlala ea tlosoa 'me e behiloe tekong ea ho ama kapa ho phatloha. Mohlala oa tlosoa 'me oa lekoa hore na o na le tšusumetso kapa ho robeha, tsohle ntle le tšenyo. Teko e ile ea phetoa ho fihlela mocheso oa brittleness - mocheso o tlaase ka ho fetisisa oo ho seng ho robehile ho oona o ne o le haufi haholo le 1 ° C.
3. Low Mocheso Compress Set le Low Mocheso Hardening
Mokhoa oa teko oa sete ea khatello ea mocheso o tlase o haufi haholo le oa sete e tloaelehileng ea compression, ntle le hore mocheso o laoloa ke mokhoa o itseng oa matla, joalo ka leqhoa le omileng, naetrojene e nang le metsi, kapa mekhoa ea mochini, 'me boleng bo ka hare ho ± 1 ° C ea mocheso o behiloeng esale pele. Ka mor'a ho hlaphoheloa ho tloha sethaleng, setšoantšo se boetse se behoa mocheso o tlase o behiloeng esale pele 'me o bōptjoa ka bophara ba 29 mm le botenya ba 12.5 mm. Sete ea compression ea mocheso o tlase ke mokhoa o sa tobang oa ho tiisa lits'ebetso tsa kompone eo ho buuoang ka eona. Ho phomola ha khatello ea maikutlo ke mokhoa o tobileng 'me o tla tšohloa hamorao. Ho thatafala ha mocheso o tlase ho boetse ho etsoa qeto ea ho sebelisa mohlala oa vulcanized compression set (29mm x 12.5mm), empa o lekoa hape ka taolo e tlase ea mocheso, e ts'oanang le ea compression set, ebe hape ka mocheso o ts'oanang le mocheso oa bona o behiloeng. Ho thatafala le mocheso o tlase oa compression sete e ameha ka ho toba ke ho pholile, empa hape le tšekamelo ea polymer ho crystallize, ka tekanyo ea crystallization e itšetlehileng ka mocheso, mohlala, CR crystallizes lebelo ka ho fetisisa ho pota -10 ° C, ebe e fokotseha ka mocheso o tlase, haholo-holo ka lebaka la ho se sisinyehe ha likarolo tsa polymer chain (li-molecular chain chain).
4. Gehman Low Mocheso thatafatsa
ASTM D 1053 e hlalosa mokhoa oa ho thatafatsa mocheso o tlase ka tsela e latelang: letoto la li-polymer tse otlolohileng li khomaretsoe ka mokhoa o tsitsitseng ho terata e nang le torsional constant e tsejoang, 'me karolo e' ngoe ea mohala e khomaretsoe hloohong ea torsion e khonang ho lumella terata hore e sothe. Mehlala e qoelisoa ka har'a mocheso o fetisang mocheso ka mocheso o itseng o ka tlase ho tloaelehileng, ka nako eo hlooho ea torsion e sothehile ka 180 °, 'me joale mehlala e sothehile ka tekanyo (e ka tlase ho 180 °) e itšetlehileng ka ho kheloha ha mohlala oa ho feto-fetoha ha maemo le ho satalla. Ebe u sebelisa palo ea goniometer ho fumana palo ea mohlala oa twist, angle of twist le ho thatafala ha thepa ea rabara. Mocheso oa tsamaiso o ntse o eketseha butle-butle sebakeng sena, 'me morero oa angle ea ho sotha khahlanong le mocheso o fumanoa. Lithempereichara tseo modulus e fihlang ho tsona T2, T10, le T100 hangata li tlalehiloe li lekana le boleng ba modulus mocheso oa kamore.
5. Phokotso ea Mocheso o Tlase (Teko ea TR)
Teko ea TR e sebelisoa ho lekola bokhoni ba mohlala maemong a tsitsipano ha deformation e hatellang e sa feleng le ho phomola ha khatello ea khatello ea maikutlo ho sebelisoa ho fumana litlamorao tsa mocheso o tlase. Joalokaha ho boletsoe pejana, li-polymer tse ngata tse kang NR le PVC li tla khanya ka mocheso o tlase, empa ho otlolla ho ka boela ha khanya, ho lebisa ho lintlha tse eketsehileng ha u sheba thepa ea mocheso o tlaase. Bakeng sa lits'ebetso tsa tlhahlobo tse joalo ka ho emisoa ha mokelikeli, TR tlasa tsitsipano e nepahetse haholo ebile e sebelisoa khafetsa. Tekong ena, mohlala o hole (hangata ka 50% kapa 100%) mme oa hoamisoa sebakeng se selelele. Mohlala o lokolloa, ka nako eo mocheso o phahamisoang ka tekanyo e lekantsoeng ho lekanya ho hlaphoheloa ha mohlala, bolelele ba ho fokotseha ho lekanngoa 'me bolelele bo tlalehoa. Lithempereichara tseo mohlala o fokotsehang ka 10%, 30%, 50%, le 70% hangata li tsejoa e le TR10, TR30, TR50, le TR70. TR10 e amana le mocheso oa brittleness; TR70 e amana le deformation ea ka ho sa feleng ea mohlala ka khatello e tlaase ea mocheso; 'me phapang pakeng tsa TR10 le TR70 e sebelisoa ho lekanya crystallization ea mohlala (phapang e kholoanyane, e kholoanyane le tšekamelo ea ho kristale).
6 . Phokotso ea Khatello ea Mocheso e Tlase (CSR)
Teko ea CSR e ka sebelisoa ho bolela esale pele mabapi le ts'ebetso le bophelo ba thepa ea ho tiisa. Ha motsoako oa elastomeric o fuoa deformation e sa khaotseng, ho thehoa matla a kopantsoeng, 'me bokhoni ba thepa ea ho boloka matla ana ka har'a sebaka se itseng sa tikoloho se lekanya bokhoni ba sona ba ho tiisa. Mekhoa ea bobeli ea 'mele le ea lik'hemik'hale e kenya letsoho ho phomotseng khatello ea maikutlo, ho itšetlehile ka nako le mocheso, ntho e le' ngoe e tla laola, ho phomola 'meleng ho hlokomeloa ka mocheso o tlaase, hang ka mor'a khatello ea kelello e fanoeng, e lebisang ho rearrangement ea ketane le liphetoho libakeng tsa rabara-filler le filler-filler, le ho phomola ha mokhoa oa ho tlosa khatello ea kelello o ka khutlisoa. Ka lithempereichara tse phahameng, motsoako oa lik'hemik'hale o etsa qeto ea tekanyo ea ho phomola, ha mekhoa ea 'mele e se e ntse e le nyenyane' me ho phomola ha lik'hemik'hale ho ke ke ha e-ba teng, e leng se lebisang ho robeheng ha ketane le ho kopana ha li-cross-link. Mocheso oa ho palama baesekele kapa ho eketseha ha mocheso ka tšohanyetso ho ka ba le phello ea ho phomola ha li-elastomers. Nakong ea tlhahlobo ea CSR, mohlala oa teko o behoa
Nakong ea tlhahlobo ea CSR, khatello ea maikutlo e ea eketseha ha mohlala oa teko o le tlas'a mocheso o phahameng. Haeba phomolo ea khatello ea kelello e etsahala qalong ea teko, palo ea phomolo e eketsehileng e eketseha pele 'me e na le boleng bo phahameng nakong ea potoloho ea pele. Ka sekhechana se seholo sa teko ho hlahisa disampole tsa gasket (ka bophara ba 19mm ka ntle, bophara ba ka hare ba 15mm), ka sebopeho sa rekere se tla hatelloa ho ea ho mohlala ho mocheso oa kamore ea bona ea 25%, 'me ka 25 ℃ ka kamoreng ea tlhahlobo ea tikoloho, mocheso oa 25 ℃ ho boloka 24h, ebe o theoha ho -4h, o lateloa ke -4h, o lateloa ke -4h, o lateloa ke -4h, o lateloa ke -20. -20 ~ 110 ℃ potoloho ea 24h, nako eohle ea teko mocheso oa teko, mocheso oa teko, boikemisetso bo tsoelang pele ba matla. Tekanyo ea matla e etsoa ka ho tsoelang pele ho pholletsa le nako ea teko ka mocheso oa teko.
7. Phello ea Likahare tsa Ethylene
7.1 Likahare tsa ethylene li na le tšusumetso e kholo ho ts'ebetso e tlaase ea mocheso oa li-polymers tsa EPDM. Li-polymers tse nang le litaba tsa Ethylene ho tloha ho 48% ho isa ho 72% li ile tsa hlahlojoa ka tlas'a mekhoa ea boleng bo phahameng ba tiiso. Bohle ba ikemiselitse ho fokotsa phapang ea mooney viscosity ka ho hlahisa ENB ho lipolymer tsena tse fapaneng.
EPDM rabara ke amorphous haeba ethylene / propylene karo-karolelano e lekana le ho ajoa ha monomers tse peli ka ketane ea polymer ke ka tšohanyetso. EPDM e nang le 48% le 54% ethylene content ha e khanyetse ka mocheso kapa ka holim'a mocheso oa kamore. Ha dikahare tsa ethylene li fihla ho 65%, tatellano ea ethylene e qala ho eketseha ka palo le bolelele mme e ka etsa likristale, tse bonoang litlhorong tsa crystallization ho li-curves tsa DSC ho pota 40 ° C. Ha litlhōrō tsa DSC li le kholoanyane, likristale tse hlahang li ba kholoanyane.
7.2 Ho phaella ho phello ea lihlahisoa tsa ethylene ka thepa e tlaase ea mocheso e tšohloang hamorao, boholo ba crystallite bo ama boiketlo ba ho kopanya le ho sebetsa ha metsoako e nang le likristale. Ha boholo ba crystallite bo le boholo, ho hlokahala hore ho be le mosebetsi o mongata oa mocheso le oa ho kuta sethaleng sa ho kopanya ho kopanya polymer ka botlalo le likarolo tse ling. Matla a rabara a tala a metsoako ea EPDM a eketseha ka ho eketseha ha ethylene content. Ha ho etsoa tiiso ea ho tiisa moo phello ea ethylene e lekantsoeng, ho eketseha ha lihlahisoa tsa ethylene ho tloha ho 50% ho ea ho 68% ho entse hore bonyane ho eketsehe ka makhetlo a mane ka matla a rabara. Boima ba mocheso oa kamore bo boetse bo eketseha ka ho eketseha ha ethylene. The Shore Ho thatafala ha sekhomaretsi sa amorphous polymer ke 63°, athe Shore A hardness ea polymer e nang le ethylene e phahameng ka ho fetisisa ke 79°. Sena se bakoa ke ho eketseha ha tatellano ea ethylene, ho eketseha ha crystallization ho sekhomaretsi, le keketseho e lumellanang ea lipolymer tsa thermoplastic.
7.3 Ha boima bo lekantsoe ka mocheso o tlase, ho fapana le li-polymers tse nang le dikahare tse phahameng tsa ethylene, li-polymers tsa amorphous li bonts'a phetoho e fokolang ka thata, athe phetoho ea ho thatafala ha litaba tse phahameng tsa ethylene ha e bontše mokhoa oa linear le boima bo lula bo phahame mocheso oa kamore, e le hore li-polymers tse nang le mocheso o phahameng oa ethylene li tsoele pele ho ba le boima bo phahameng ka ho fetisisa.
7.4 Compression set ho itšetlehile haholo ka mocheso oa teko. Haeba e lekoa ka 175 ° C, ha ho na phapang pakeng tsa li-polymers leha e le life (sete se susumetsoa ke moralo oa motsoako le khetho ea tsamaiso ea vulcanization). Ka mor'a ho qhibiliha ha likristale tsa ethylene, polymer e bontša mofuta oa amorphous, 'me e le ho hlahloba phello ea litaba tsa ethylene, liteko li entsoe ka 23 ° C. Li-polymers tse nang le ethylene e phahameng ka ho hlaka li na le deformation e phahameng ea ka ho sa feleng (ho feta habeli), 'me phello ea litaba tsa ethylene e kholoanyane ha e lekoa ho -20 ° C le -40 ° C. Li-polymers tse nang le li-ethylene tse fetang 60% li na le deformation e phahameng e sa feleng (> 80%); ka -40 ° C, ke li-polymers tsa amorphous ka ho feletseng tse nang le deformation e tlaase e sa feleng (17%).
7.5 Phello ea Likahare tsa Ethylene ho Ho thatafala ha Mocheso o Tlase ho tsoa litekong tsa Gehman. Ha ho fanoa ka mocheso, sekhutlo se phahameng, se fokotsa keketseho ea ho satalla (kapa ho eketseha ha modulus). Ka mocheso o tlase, modulus ea thata e eketseha haholo ka ho eketseha ha ethylene content. Bakeng sa polymers amorphous, T2 ke -47 ° C, ha polymer e phahameng ka ho fetisisa ea ethylene e na le T2 ea -16 ° C feela.
7.6TR Ho lekanya ho hlaphoheloa ha shrinkage ea li-specimens ka mor'a hore ho be le leqhoa le atolositsoeng, litaba tsa ethylene li na le phello e kholo mokhoeng oa teko, o boetseng o tšoana le teko ea Gehman.
Sena se tšoana le tlhahlobo ea Gehman. Ho fokotseha (%) ea li-polymers tse fapa-fapaneng li fapana e le mosebetsi oa mocheso, 'me li-polymers tsa amorphous li na le ho hlaphoheloa ho phahameng ka ho fetisisa ha mocheso o tlaase; leha ho le joalo, joalo ka ha ho boletsoe esale pele, ho hlaphoheloa hoa mpefala ha litaba tsa ethylene li ntse li eketseha ka mocheso o fanoeng.
ho hlaphoheloa hoa senyeha. Boleng ba TR10 bo fapana ho tloha ho -53 ° C bakeng sa li-polymers tsa amorphous ho -28 ° C bakeng sa li-polymers tse nang le ethylene e ngata.
7.7 Potoloho ea khatello ea maikutlo (CSR).
Baesekele. Hatisa metsoako, e lumelle hore e phomole ho 25 ° C bakeng sa 24 h, ebe u e beha ka potoloho ea mocheso ho tloha ho -20 ° C ho ea ho 110 ° C nako le nako bakeng sa 24 h. Ha e hatelloa ka lekhetlo la pele, ka mor'a nako ea ho leka-lekanya, crystalline polymer E e na le tahlehelo e phahameng ea khatello ea kelello ho feta polymer ea amorphous, 'me ha e theoleloa ho -20 ° C matla a ho tiisa a li-polymer tse peli a fokotseha, ha polymer ea amorphous A e na le ho boloka khatello ea kelello e phahameng (e phahameng F / F0). Ho futhumatsa motsoako ho 110 ° C ho tsosolosa matla a ho tiisa, 'me ha ho khutlisetsoa ho -20 ° C, matla a setseng a tiiso ea polymer ea crystalline e ne e le ka tlase ho 20% ea boleng ba eona, eo ka kakaretso e nkoang e le tlaase haholo bakeng sa likopo tse ngata, le polymer ea amorphous e bolokang ho feta 50% ea matla a eona a ho tiisa, le ho ba le polymer e phahameng ea amorphous ho feta hape. Potoloho e latelang e ile ea fana ka liqeto tse tšoanang. Ho hlakile hore li-polymers tsa amorphous li phahametse lits'ebetso tsa ho tiisa moo ho hlokahalang mocheso o phahameng le o tlaase.
8. Phello ea Diolefin Content
Ho fana ka ntlha e sa tsitsang e hlokehang bakeng sa vulcanization, li-non-conjugated diolefin joalo ka ENB, HX le DCPD li eketsoa ho lipolima tsa ethylene propylene. Bond e le 'ngoe e habeli e sebetsa ka har'a matrix a polymer, ha ea bobeli e sebetsa e le tlatsetso ho ketane ea molek'hule e entsoeng ka polymerized mme e fana ka sebaka sa vulcanization bakeng sa sulfur yellow vulcanization. Liphello tsa ENB li ile tsa hlahlobjoa ka lifensetere tsa lifensetere tsa moea (pula) Li-polymers tse nang le 2%, 6% le 8% ENB li ne li bapisoa. Ho eketsoa ha ENB ho bile le phello e kholo litšoanelehong tsa vulcanization le crosslink density. Modulus e ile ea eketseha ha bolelele bo fokotsehile haholo. Ho thatafala ho ile ha eketseha 'me khatello ea khatello ea ntlafala nakong ea ho phahama ha mocheso. Ha litaba tsa ENB li ntse li eketseha, nako ea ho tjhaja e ntse e khutsufala.
ENB ke thepa ea amorphous, 'me ha e kenngoa mokokotlong oa polymer, e senya kristale ea karolo ea ethylene ea polymer, e le hore li-polymers tse nang le lintho tse tšoanang tsa ethylene li ka fumanoa,' me litaba tse phahameng tsa ENB li ntlafatsa thepa ea mocheso o tlaase. Mochesong oa kamore, litaba tse phahameng tsa ENB li ntlafatsa hanyenyane sete ea compression ka lebaka la ho ntlafala ha crosslink density. Leha ho le joalo, ka mocheso o tlase, sete ea compression ea li-polymers tse nang le litaba tse phahameng tsa ENB e molemo haholo ho feta ea li-polymers tse nang le 2% ENB content. Phello ea litaba tsa ENB ho mocheso oa brittleness, ho theoha ha mocheso, le tlhahlobo ea Gehman ha ea ka ea bontša phapang e khōlō ea mocheso oa brittleness pakeng tsa li-polymers ka kakaretso, le bakeng sa tlhahlobo ea Gehman le tlhahlobo ea TR, polymer e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e bontšitse ntlafatso ea thepa ea mocheso o tlaase ka ho eketseha ha ENB content.
9. Phello ea mooney Viscosity ho Thepa ea Mocheso o Tlaase
Hoa tsebahala hore mooney viscosity (boima ba limolek'hule) e na le phello e kholo boitšoarong ba li-elastomers. Lits'ebetsong tsa extrusion le molding Lits'ebetsong tsa extrusion le ho bopa, ho bohlokoa ho khetha motsoako o nang le boleng bo loketseng ba Mooney viscosity. Ho sebelisoa mokhoa o tšoanang o neng o sebelisetsoa ho batlisisa phello ea monoma ea boraro, ENB, ho thepa e tlaase ea mocheso ho hlahloba Mooney viscosity, li-polymers tse nang le li-viscosity tsa Mooney tsa 30, 60, le 80 li ile tsa bapisoa, 'me viscosity ea Mooney ea metsoako e ile ea eketseha ha viscosity ea Mooney ea li-polymers tse sebelisoang e ntse e eketseha. Matla a tsitsitseng, modulus, le matla a rabara a tala a ile a eketseha ka ho eketseha ha Mooney viscosity. Phello ea viscosity ea Mooney ho thepa e tlaase ea mocheso oa EPDM e ne e se ea bohlokoa. Leha ho le joalo, deformation e sa feleng ea compression mocheso oa kamore, -20 ° C le -40 ° C e eketseha ka boima ba limolek'hule bo ntseng bo eketseha. Leha ho le joalo, khatello e behiloeng mocheso oa kamore, -20 ° C le -40 ° C ha ea ka ea fetoha haholo ka ho eketseha ha boima ba limolek'hule, athe khatello e behiloeng mochesong o phahameng (175 ° C) e bontšitse liphetoho tse ling bakeng sa li-mooney viscosities tse phahameng tsa li-adhesive tsa EPDM.
10. Qetello
Likahare tsa ethylene le diolefin li na le phello e kholo ts'ebetsong ea li-elastomers tsa EPDM ka mocheso o tlase oa mocheso, ka li-polymers tse nang le lihlahisoa tse tlaase tsa ethylene tse sebetsang hantle le li-polymers tse nang le diolefin tse phahameng li ntlafala ka lebaka la ho senyeha ha crystallization ea karolo ea ethylene ea polymer. Li-polymers tse tlase tsa ethylene li lokela ho sebelisoa ha ts'ebetso ea mocheso o tlase e le moeli.
