Bitandukanye na Thermoplastics, elastomemezi isanzwe ikoreshwa hejuru yubushyuhe bwinshi kandi bugaragara hejuru yubushyuhe bwinzibacyuho (tg). Ibyiza bya Elastomezi hejuru yubushobozi bwabo nubushobozi bwabo bwo kugarura burundu kuva muri leta ya tensile (elastique yo hejuru), kimwe na elastike yabo rusange, ubukana buke hamwe na modulus nkeya hamwe nuburyo buke na modulus. Iyo Elastermers ikoreshwa munsi yubushyuhe bwicyumba, yerekana ko kwiyongera kwiyongera, kwiyongera kwa Modulus, no kugabanuka kwa delastique. Iyo Elastermers ikoreshwa munsi yubushyuhe bwicyumba, habaho impengamiro yo kwiyongera, kwiyongera kwiyongera, kwiyongera kwiyongera, kwiyongera kugabanuka (tesinile nkeya) no gutuza biteganijwe kwiyongera. Ukurikije ikibazo na Elastomer, ibintu bibiri bishobora kugaragara icyarimwe - Ikirahure gikomera hamwe na Fordstalisation - Cr, EPDM, EPDM, NR ni ingero zimwe na zimwe za Elatori zerekana Crystallisation.
1. Incamake yubushyuhe buke
Umunyacyubahiro, Gukandamiza Iteka, Gusubira inyuma, gukomera nakogenike nakogenic binini byakoreshejwe mumyaka myinshi kugirango biranga umutungo wa Polymer ku bushyuhe buke. Kwiyongera guhangayikishwa n'imihangayiko ni bishya kandi byibanda ku kugena imbaraga z'izashyi z'ibikoresho mugihe cyigihe kinyuranyije nibidukikije.
2. Ubushyuhe bworoshye
ASTM D 2137 isobanura ubushyuhe bworoshye nkubushyuhe bwo hasi cyane bwa rubber ntizagaragaza kuvunika cyangwa guturika mubihe byagenwe. Ingero eshanu za reberi zimiterere mbere yateguwe, zishyirwa mucyumba cyangwa gisobanura ubushyuhe bwa 3 ± 0.5min, hanyuma uhabwa umuvuduko wa 2.0 ± 0.2m / s. Ibyingenzi byakuweho kandi bikorerwa ingaruka cyangwa ikizamini cyuburato. Icyitegererezo cyakuweho kandi kigeragezwa ku ngaruka cyangwa kuvunika, byose nta byangiritse. Ikizamini cyasubiwemo kugeza ubushyuhe bukabije - ubushyuhe bwo hasi aho nta kuvunika bwabonetse byari hafi ya 1 ° C.
3. Kwiyuhagira ubushyuhe buke bwashyizweho nubushyuhe bukomeye
Uburyo bwikizamini cyo kwigunga buke-bugabanijwe cyane kuri ibyo kubimera bisanzwe, usibye ko ubushyuhe bugenzurwa nuburyo bumwe bwingufu, nka ice ryumye, cyangwa agaciro kari muri ± 1 ° C yubushyuhe bwa Preset. Nyuma yo kugarura imikino, icyitegererezo nacyo gishyirwa ku bushyuhe bwo hasi kandi kibumbwa kuri diameter ya mm 29 n'ubwinshi bwa mm 12.5. Gukemura amashanyarazi make ni uburyo butaziguye bwo gupima ikoreshwa ryibice bivugwa. Kwiyongera guhangayikishwa nuburyo butaziguye kandi bizaganirwaho nyuma. Ubushyuhe bukomeye nabwo busanzwe bugenwa hakoreshejwe urugero rwa pormention (29mm x 12.5mm), ariko yongeye kugeragezwa mubushyuhe buke, bukaba bumwe nabwo ku bushyuhe bumwe. Gukomera no kwikuramo-ubushyuhe bigira ingaruka ku gukonja, ariko nanone ku cyifuzo cya polymer kuri koroshya, ahanini biterwa n'ubushyuhe bwo hasi, ahanini biterwa n'ubushyuhe bwo hepfo.
4. Gehman ubushyuhe bukomeye
ASTM D 1053 isobanura uburyo buke-butobe-ubushyuhe bukomeye kuburyo bukurikira: Urukurikirane rwibihe bya elastike bifatanye kumugozi hamwe na tresional bizwi cyane, hanyuma kurundi ruhande rwumutwe wa torsion ushoboye kugirango uhinduke insinga. Ibyingenzi byibizwa mubushyuhe bwo kwimura ubushyuhe ku bushyuhe bwihariye buri munsi, icyo gihe umutwe wa torsion uhindagurika kumyaka 180 °, hanyuma ingero zirenga 180 °) ziterwa no guhinduka no gukomera. Noneho koresha ingano ya GONIONOMETER kugirango umenye umubare wa spertimen uhindagurika, inguni ya kugoreka no gukomera kwibikoresho bya reberi. Ubushyuhe bwa sisitemu bwiyongereye buhoro buhoro kuriyi ngingo, kandi ikibanza cyingugu kigoreka kurwanya ubushyuhe. Ubushyuhe bugera kuri T2, T10, na T100 busanzwe byanditswe neza ku gaciro kagutse ku bushyuhe bwicyumba.
5. Gusubiramo ubushyuhe buke (TR Ikizamini)
Ikizamini cya TR gikoreshwa kugirango gisuzume ubushobozi bwimikorere muri leta ya tensite mugihe cyo guhuza imitekerereze ihoraho no kwikuramo imihangayiko igenwa no guhangayikishwa no guhagarika bikoreshwa muguhitamo ingaruka z'ubushyuhe. Nkuko byavuzwe haruguru, polymers nyinshi nka NR na PVC bazahaguruka ahantu hato, ariko kurambura birashobora no kurakara, biganisha ku bintu byinyongera mugihe ureba ibintu byubushyuhe buke. Kugirango usuzume nkibiroha, TR munsi yimpagarara birakwiye kandi bikunze gukoreshwa. Muri iki kizamini, icyitegererezo kirageze (akenshi kuri 50% cyangwa 100%) kandi bikonje muri leta ndende. Icyitegererezo kirarekurwa, icyo gihe ubushyuhe bwagaragaye ku gipimo cyiyemeje kugirango atware urugero rurerure, uburebure bw'igabanuka burapimwa kandi hako handitswe. Ubushyuhe bugabanuka kuri 10%, 30%, 50%, na 70% bikunze kugaragara nka TR10, TR30, TR30, na TR70. TR10 ijyanye n'ubushyuhe bukabije; TR70 ijyanye no guhindura burundu yimyigaragambyo muburyo buke-buke; Kandi itandukaniro riri hagati ya Tr10 na TR70 rikoreshwa mugupima isahani yo kwimene (itandukaniro rinini, rikomeye ryo kurira kristu).
6. Ubushyuhe buke bwo guhagarika imihangayiko (CSR)
Ikizamini cya CSR kirashobora gukoreshwa muguhama imikorere nubuzima bwibikoresho bya kashe. Iyo Elastomeric yahawe ubukana buhoraho, ingufu zifatanije zaremwe, nubushobozi bwibikoresho byo gukomeza iyi mbaraga mubidukikije bipima ubushobozi bwo gupima ikimenyetso. Uburyo bwumubiri nuburozi bugira uruhare mu guhangayikishwa no guhangayikishwa, bishingiye ku gihe cy'ubushyuhe, bituma habaho imihangayiko ya reberi, ako kanya, kandi kunyuranya na sisitemu yo gukuraho imihangayiko irasubirwamo. Ku bushyuhe bwo hejuru, imiti yimiti igena igipimo cyo kuruhuka, mugihe inzira z'umubiri zimaze kuba nto kandi kuruhuka imiti bidasubirwaho, biganisha ku rubingo. Ubushyuhe bwo gusiganwa ku magare cyangwa kwiyongera gutunguranye ku bushyuhe bushobora kugira ingaruka kubibazo byo guhangayika muri Elastomers. Mugihe cya CSR, hashyizweho icyitegererezo cyikizamini
Mugihe cyo kwipimisha CSR, kuruhuka imihangayiko byiyongereye mugihe ikizamini kiyobowe nubushyuhe bwo hejuru. Niba kwidagadura bihuye hakiri kare mubizamini, ingano yinyongera yiyongera imbere kandi ifite agaciro ntarengwa mugihe cyambere. Mu gice kinini cyibizamini kugirango gisabe Genda Ingero (19mm Diameter ya diameter ya 15mm), kandi kuri 25h, ikurikirwa nubushyuhe bukurikira hagati ya -20 ℃ 24h, igihe cyose cyo kwipimisha ubushyuhe, ubushyuhe bwikizamini, kwiyemeza guhagarikwa. Gupima imbaraga bikorwa ubudahwema mugihe cyibizamini ku bushyuhe bwikizamini.
7. Ingaruka za Rothylene Ibirimo
7.1 Ibirimo bya Ethylene bigira ingaruka zikomeye kumikorere yo hasi ya EPDM polymers. Polymes hamwe na Ethylene Ibirimo kuva 48% kugeza kuri 72% byasuzumwe munsi yimikorere myiza. Intego zose zo kugabanya itandukaniro muri liney viscosity mugutangiza enb muri polymers zitandukanye.
EPDM RUBONDE ni amorphous niba igipimo cya ecylene / igipimo cya propylene kingana kandiga kugabana monomene zombi mumirongo ya polymer ni ibintu bidasanzwe. EPDM hamwe na 48% na 54% ibirimo Etylene ntabwo arigarika hejuru cyangwa hejuru yubushyuhe bwicyumba. Iyo ibirimo bya Rethylene bigera kuri 65%, Urukurikirane rwa Rothylene rutangira kwiyongera nuburebure kandi rushobora gukora kristu, rwizihizwa mu mpinga ya Crsstation kumurongo wa DSC hafi 40 ° C. Inini nini ya DSC, nini ya kristu ifishi.
7.2 Usibye ingaruka za Rothylene kumitungo yo hasi yaganiriweho nyuma, ingano ya kristu igira ingaruka zoroshye kuvanga no gutunganya ibice birimo kristu. Ingano nini ya kristallite, niko hasabwa imisoro myinshi hamwe nakazi ko kumashanyarazi kugirango uvange neza polymer hamwe nibindi bice. Imbaraga za reberi mbisi yo mu bigo bya EPDM byiyongera hamwe no kongera ibiri kuri Ethylene. Mu bihe byashyizweho aho ingufu za Ethylene zapimwe, kwiyongera muri Ethylene kuva kuri 50% kugeza 68% byatewe byibuze mubwiyongere bune bwimbaraga za reberi. Imbaraga-ubushyuhe bworoshye kandi bwiyongera hamwe no kongera ibiri muri Ethylene. Inkombe yo gukomera kwa Amorhous Polymer ifata 63 °, mugihe inkombe ikomeye ya polymer hamwe na ethylene yo hejuru ni 79 °. Ibi biterwa no kwiyongera kwa Rothylene, kwiyongera muri kristu muburyo bwo kumeneka, hamwe no kwiyongera bihuye muri polyplastique.
7.3 Iyo gukomera gupimwa ubushyuhe buke, bitandukanye na polymers hamwe na Esylemery ikubiyemo ubushyuhe bwinshi, mugihe polymes ikubiyemo ibirimo byinshi kandi ubukana bukubiyemo ubushyuhe bwicyumba bukomeje kugira ubushyuhe bukabije.
7.4 Gukuramo bishingiye ahanini biterwa n'ubushyuhe bw'ikizamini. Niba ugeragejwe kuri 175 ° C, nta tandukaniro riri muburyo bwo kwikuramo hagati ya kimwe muri polymers (set bigira ingaruka kubishushanyo mbonera hamwe nigishushanyo mbonera cya gahunda yo kutumvikana). Nyuma yo gushonga kristu ya rosylene, Polymer yerekana ifishi ya amorhous, kandi kugirango dusuzume ingaruka za Rothylene ibirimo bya Rothylene, ibizamini byakozwe kuri 23 ° C. Polymers hamwe na Ethylene yo hejuru ya Ethylene ifite isura yo hejuru ihoraho (kurenza inshuro ebyiri), kandi ingaruka za Rothylene zirimo kugeragezwa kuri -20 ° C na -40 ° C. Polymers hamwe nibikubiyemo bya Etylene birenga 60% bifite ubumuga buhoraho (> 80%); Kuri -40 ° C, gusa amorphous yuzuye ifite ubumuga buhoraho (17%).
7.5 Ingaruka za Rothylene zirimo ubushyuhe buke cyane kuva muri Gehman. Uhaye ubushyuhe, hejuru inguni, hepfo kwiyongera gukabije (cyangwa kwiyongera muri Modulus). Ku bushyuhe buke, modulus ikomeye yiyongera cyane hamwe no kongera imbaraga za rosylene. Kuri Amurphous polymers, t2 ni -47 ° C, mugihe ihwane yo hejuru ya royome ifite t2 ya t2 gusa -16 ° c.
7.6TR ipima kugabanuka kwipikishwa ingero nyuma yo kwagura ikonjesha, ibirimo bya Restylene bifite ingaruka zikomeye muburyo bwo kwipimisha, busa nkikizamini cya Gehman.
Ibi bisa nibizamini bya Gehman. Igabanuka (%) rya polymers zitandukanye ziratandukanye nkibikorwa byubushyuhe, hamwe na amorphous polymes zirimo kugarura ubushyuhe buke; Ariko, nkuko byahanuwe, gukira ibintu byifashe neza nkuko ibirimo bya Rothylene byiyongera kubushyuhe bwatanzwe.
Kugarura kwangirika. Agaciro ka Tr10 biratandukanye kuva -53 ° C kuri polmer ya amorfous kugeza -28 ° C kuri polymers hamwe na royorine nyinshi.
7.7 Guhungabana guhangayikishwa no kwidagadura (CSR)
Cycle. Menyesha ibice, ubemerera kuruhuka kuri 25 ° C kuri 24 ya 24 h, hanyuma ubishyire munzira y'ubushyuhe kuva kuri -20 ° C kugeza ku ya 110 °. Iyo uhagaritse bwa mbere, nyuma yigihe kingana niki, inyamanswa Polymer e ifite ikibazo cyo hejuru cyane kuruta amaguru ya amorphous, mugihe cyamanuwe na -20 ° mugihe cya amorfous polymer kigabanuka, mugihe cyamanuwe ya amorphous ya amoko agabanuka kwinshi (hejuru f / F0). Gushyushya urujijo kugeza 110 ° C yagaruye imbaraga zo gushyiraho, kandi iyo yagaruwe kugeza kuri 90 ° C, muri Amorphous Polymer yakaga, ndetse na Amorphous Polymer yongeye kuba hasi cyane, kandi muri rusange afatwa nk'ibishyikirwa ku mwanya wa 20%, ndetse na Amorphous Polymer yakaga, ndetse na Amorphous Polymer yongeye kuba hasi cyane. Inzitiro ikurikira yatanze imyanzuro isa. Biragaragara ko polymery polymers iruta porogaramu zo hejuru aho imikorere yo hejuru kandi yo hasi isabwa.
8. Ingaruka z'ibirimo diolefin
Gutanga ingingo idateganijwe yo guterana, diolefics idahujwe nka enb, hx na DCPD byongewe kuri Ethylene Promerne. Igice kimwe cyikubye kabiri muri Matrix polymer, mugihe ibikorwa bya kabiri byuzuzanya urunigi rwa molecular kandi gitanga agace ka sulicalisation kubitsa umuhondo sulfuru. Ingaruka ya ENB yasuzumwe mu kirahure (imvura) imyirondoro. Polymers irimo 2%, 6% na 8% enb ugereranije.Inyongera rya ENB ryagize ingaruka zikomeye kubiranga intangarusako hamwe nubucucike bwambukiranya. Modulus yiyongereye mugihe haragaragaye cyane cyane. Gukomera kwiyongereye hamwe no gutukwa byatejwe imbere mugihe cyubushyuhe. Nkuko ibirimo enb biyongera, igihe cya Charring kiba kigufi.
Enb ni ibikoresho bya amorhous, kandi iyo yongerewe kuri polymer yinyuma, ihagarika kristu igice cya resyleme, kuburyo polymers ikubiyemo ibintu bimwe na bimwe bya Ethyne, bityo ukaba urimo ibintu bimwe na kimwe cya rethyne, kuburyo polymers ikubiyemo ibintu bimwe na kimwe cya Esyleme, kandi ibirimo bimwe na etylene bimwe na bimwe byatewe na enbs bishobora kuboneka, kandi ibikubiye muri enb biteza imbere imitungo yo hasi. Ku bushyuhe bwicyumba, ibikubiyemo byinshi bya enb bitezimbere gato copression yashyizweho kubera ubucucike bwambukiranya. Ariko, ubushyuhe buke, guturika kwa polymers bifite ibikubise enb biruta cyane kurenza polymer hamwe na 2% ibirimo 2%. Ingaruka za ENB Ibirimo Ubushyuhe Bwiza, Gusubira inyuma Ubushyuhe, Ikizamini cya Gehman nticyagaragaje itandukaniro ryubushyuhe muri rusange no kunoza imitungo yo hasi hamwe no kongera ibinyugute.
9. Ingaruka za Mooney Betcosity ku bushyuhe buke
Birazwi neza ko virusi ya Mooney (misa ya molekolay) ifite ingaruka zikomeye kumyitwarire yo gutunganya Elastomers. Mubisanzwe no kubumba ibyifuzo no kubumba ibyifuzo kandi bibumbabumba, ni ngombwa guhitamo ibice bifite agaciro ka fooney. Gukoresha uburyo bumwe bwakoreshejwe mu gukora iperereza ku ngaruka za monomer ya gatatu, Enb, ku buryo buke bw'ubushyuhe bwo gusuzuma ibihembo byinshi, polymers hamwe na becosiyani yo ku ya 30, 60, naho 80 z'ibikoresho byiyongereyeho nk'inkono yiyongereyeho. Imbaraga za tensile, Modulus, na Rubber imbaraga mbi zometseho hamwe no kwiyongera kwiyongera. Ingaruka za Mooney Stecosity kubushyuhe buke bwa EPDM ntabwo byari ngombwa. Ariko, kwikuramo imihindagurikire ihoraho mubushyuhe bwicyumba, -20 ° C na -40 ° C kwiyongera hamwe na misa ya molekori. Icyakora, kwikuramo byashyizwe mu bushyuhe bw'icyumba, -20 ° C na -40 ° C ntabwo byahindutse cyane hamwe no kongera ubushyuhe bwo hejuru (175 ° C) bwerekanye ibintu byinshi byo hejuru by'isuku.
10. UMWANZURO
Ibirimo by'umwuka na diolefin bifite ingaruka zikomeye ku mikorere ya EPDM yakoresheje ubushyuhe buke, hamwe na Esylemes hamwe na diolemeri nkeya yo guhungabanya umutekano wa royolene. Ibirimo byo hasi muri Ethylene Polymers bigomba gukoreshwa mugihe imikorere yubushyuhe buke ni imbogamizi.
