Kusiyana neTremmoplastics, elastomers anowanzo shandiswa pamusoro pehuremu hwakawanda hwekupisa uye zvakanyanya pamusoro pegirazi remagirazi tembiricha (TG). Zvakanakira Elasmomers pamusoro peTirmoplastics yavo yekudzora zvakaringana kubva kune iyo mamiriro ekunze (yakakwirira elasticity), pamwe neyakaenzana nehuremu uye kuomesa mwero uye akaderera mwero. Elastromy akashandiswa pazasi pemhepo tembiricha, vanoratidza kuwedzera kwekuomesa, kuwedzera kweMudzimu, uye kuderera kwehulasticity. Elastromy anoshandiswa pazasi pemhepo tembiricha, pane tsika yekuomesa kuti iwedzere, modilus yekuwedzera, elasticity yekudzikira (yakaderera tonile) uye kuenderana kwakasungirirwa. Zvichienderana nedambudziko neElasomer, maviri phenomena zvinogona kuitika panguva imwe chete - girazi kuomesa uye chidimbu crystallization - cr, epdm, nr mimwe mienzaniso yevashandi vegirinari.
1. Kuongorora kwekudziya kwakadzika kwekuedza
Brittleness, kuyananiswa kwekusarongeka, kudzoreredza, kuomesa uye clyogenic kuomarara kwave kuchishandiswa kwemakore mazhinji kuitira kuti uwane polymer zvivakwa padzimba dzinodziya. Kudzoreredza kushushikana kwekuzorora kuri kutsva uye kunotarisa pakusarudza simba rekuisa chisimbiso yechinyorwa pane imwe nguva yemamiriro ezvinhu akasiyana emamiriro ekunze.
2. Brittleness tembiricha
ASTM D 2137 inotsanangura tembiricha yekushambadzira sezvo iyo yakaderera tembiricha iyo iyo Vulcanized Rubber haizoratidze kupwanyika kana kuputika pasi pemamiriro akatsanangurwa. Shanu yerabha yerubhi yePre-yakatemwa chimiro yakagadzirirwa, yakaiswa mukamuri kana svutugadzike pakati, yakaiswa kune tembiricha ye3 Iwo mafungidziro anobviswa uye akaiswa pasi pekubatsira kana kubvarura bvunzo. Iyo fungidziro inobviswa uye yakaedzwa yekukanganisa kana kupwanyika, zvese pasina kukuvara. Muedzo wacho wacho wacho wacho wadzokororwa kumusoro kweiyo shriptle tembiricha - iyo yakaderera tembiricha iyo isina kupwanyika yakawanikwa yaive pedyo zvakanyanya ne1 ° C.
3
Maitiro ekuedzwa ezvipfuyo-tembiricha akaiswa padyo neyakajairwa zvakanyanya kune imwe nzvimbo yekudziya, yakadai seyakawoma, kana kukosha kwenzira iri mukati meiyo】 1 ° C yeSpurity tembiricha. Mushure mekupora kubva kuiyo fixture, fungidziro inoiswawo pane iyo fungidziro yakadzika tembiricha uye yakaumbwa kune diameter yemammasi makumi matatu nemana emamm 12,5 mm. Yakadzika-tembiricha yekumanikidza yakaiswa inzira isina kunanga kune inosanganisira mashandisiro eiyo yakanyorwa mumubvunzo. Kudzoreredza kushushikana kwekuzorora ndiyo nzira yakananga uye ichakurukurwa gare gare. Kuwedzeredza tembiricha kazhinji kunowanzo kutsanangurwa uchishandisa vulcanized compressional set smptures Kuomesa uye kuderera-tembiricha kuiswa kwakakanganiswa zvakananga nekutonhora, asiwo nekudzora kwekushambadzira, semuenzaniso
4. Gehman akaderera tembiricha achiomesa
ASTM D 1053 inotsanangura iyo yakaderera-tembiricha yekunyepedzera: Nhevedzano yeElastic Polymer inowanzoitika kune imwe nguva inozivikanwa, uye mumwe mugumo wewire wakabatanidzwa kune tonion musoro unokwanisa kubvumira waya kuti ibviswe waya. Iwo mafungidziro akanyudzwa mune yekupisa svutugadzike pane imwe tembiricha pazasi zvakajairika, panguva iyo nguva yedhisheni yakamonyorwa neyekupedzisira Wobva washandisa huwandu hwegoniodser kuti uone huwandu hwefungidziro twist, iyo kona yeiyo twist uye kuomarara kwezvinhu zve rabha. Tembiricha yehurongwa inowedzerwa zvishoma nezvishoma panguva ino, uye chirongwa chekona yekona yekuwongorora tembiricha inowanikwa. Tembiricha iyo iyo iyo modulus inosvika T2, T10, uye T100 inowanzo kurekodwa seyakaenzana neiyo mwero kukosha pamhepo tembiricha.
5. Tembiricha yekudziya yakaderera (tr bvunzo)
Iyo tr bvunzo inoshandiswa kuongorora kugona kweiyo fungidziro mumamiriro ekunze kana constitive yekuzorora kwekushushikana nekunyanyisa kushushikana kunoshandiswa kushandiswa kwekudziya kwakadzika. Sezvatanga kufukidza, vazhinji polymers senge nr uye pvc vachachemera pane yakadzika tembiricha, asi kutambanudza kunogona zvakare kuchema, kutungamira kune zvimwe zvinhu kana uchitarisa kuderera tembiricha. Zvekuongorora zviitiko zvakadai sekumiswa kwekunze, tr pasi pekunetsana zvakakodzera kwazvo uye kazhinji zvinoshandiswa. Mune iyi bvunzo, fungidziro inokwira (kazhinji ne50% kana 100%) uye chando mumamiriro ekunze. Iyo fungidziro ikaburitswa, panguva iyo tembiricha yakumutswa pane yakatarwa kuyera kupora kweiyo fungidziro, kureba kwekutsvaira kunoyerwa uye elongation yakanyorwa. Tembiricha iyo iyo iyo iyo iyo iyo fungidziro inodonha ne10%, 30%, 50%, uye 70% inowanzoonekwa seTr10, Tr30, Tr50, Tr70. Tr10 inoenderana nekushambadzira kweBrittleneness; Tr77 inoenderana nekushongedza kwekusingaperi kweiyo fungidziro mune yakaderera-tembiricha kudzvinyirira; Uye musiyano uripo pakati peTr10 uye Tr70 inoshandiswa kuyera crystallization yeiyo fungidziro (iyo yakakura musiyano, iyo huru yekudzora crystallize).
6. Tembiricha yekudziya yekudzvinyirira yekuzorora (CSR)
Iyo CSR bvunzo inogona kushandiswa kufanotaura nezvekuita uye hupenyu hwekuisa mari. Kana elastomeric compound inopihwa deformation, simba rakasikwa rinogadzirwa, uye kugona kwezvinhu zvekuchengetedza simba mukati meimwe nzvimbo yemagariro inoyera kugona kwayo. Zvese zvemuviri uye zvemakemikari michero yekuzorora Kumhepo yepamusoro, mimwe yemakemikari inosarudza chiyero chekuzorora, apo maitiro epanyama atove mashoma uye ekuzorora kemichare isingachinjiki, achitungamira kuteedzana kuputsa uye kuyambuka-kuunganidza maitiro. Tembiricha yemicheka kana kungoerekana yawedzera mukushisa kunogona kuve nemhedzisiro yekuzorora kwekuzorora mune elastomers. Munguva yeCSR bvunzo, iyo bvunzo fungidziro yakaiswa
Munguva yeCSR kuongororwa, kushungurudzika kwekuzorora kunowedzera kana iyo bvunzo fungidziro yakaiswa pasi pekutyisirwa tembiricha. Kana kudzikama kwekunetseka kunoitika pakutanga muedzo, huwandu hwekuwedzera kwekuzorora hunowedzera kutanga uye uine huwandu hwakanyanya panguva yekutanga kutenderera. Muchikamu chegumi chikuru chebvunzo kugadzira gasket samples (19mm kunze diameter, yemukati mommetheni temberi, tembiricha yemamiriro ekunze Kutenderera kwe 24h, iyo nguva yese yekuedza pakuedza tembiricha, tembiricha yekuedza, ichishingairira kutsunga. Chiyero chekumanikidza chinoitwa chinoramba chichigara panguva yekuedza panguva yekudziya tembiricha.
7. Mhedzisiro yeEthylene yezvinyorwa
7.1 Etherylene zvinhu zvine chekuita zvakanyanya pakudziya kwekushisa kwePDM Polymers. Polymers neEthylene zvinyorwa kubva 48% kusvika ku72% yakaongororwa pasi pemhando yepamusoro ekuisa mavara. Zvese zvinonongedzera kuderedza kusiyanisa mune mooney viscosity nekuunza Enb mune idzi polymers.
Epdm Rubber is Amorphous kana ethylene / procylene ratio yakaenzana uye kugoverwa kwevasuke maviri emasoja mune yePolymer keteni haina kurongeka. Epdm ine 48% uye 54% ethylene yezvinyorwa haina kuchema kana pamusoro pemhepo tembiricha. Kana iyo ethyley yazvinesu inosvika 65%, iyo Etleyone kutevedzana kunotanga kuwedzera muhuwandu uye urefu uye inoonekwa mumakristantization mapepa eDSC akatenderedza 40 ° C. Yakakura iyo DSC Peaks, iyo yakakura makristasi iyo fomu.
7.2 Pamusoro pemhedzisiro yeEthylene Zvemukati pane yakadzika tembiricha yezvivakwa inokurukurwa gare gare, saizi yerudzi runobata mukana wekusanganisa uye kugadzirisa makomputa ane makristuru ane makristuru ane makristuru ane makristuru. Iyo yakakura iyo crystallite saizi, iyo yekupisa uye shear basa rinodiwa pane yekusanganisa nhanho yekubatanidza zvizere polymer nezvimwe zvinhu. Iyo mbichana yerubha yeEpdm compounds inowedzera nekuwedzera ethylene yezvinyorwa. Muchimiro chekusimbisa pane mhedzisiro yezvinhu zvakayerwa, kuwedzera kweEndylene Zvemukati kubva ku50% kusvika ku68% yakakonzera kuwedzera ina Kuomarara kwemakamuri-tembiricha zvakare kunowedzera nekuwedzera kwetsitsi. Iyo yakadzika yakaoma yeAmorphous polymer inonamatira ndeye 63 ° Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekuwedzera kweiyo ethylone kutevedzana, kuwedzera kwe crystallization mukuzvinamatira, uye kuwedzera kunoenderana muTernMplastic Polymers.
7.3 Kana kuomarara kwacho kwakayerwa pakupisa kwakadzika, mukusiyana nevanozvaka-zvevaPolylene kuomarara kwezvinhu zvakakwirira, zvekuti polymers ine huwandu hwetsika dzakakwira hupfumi hupfumi hwekushisa kwekupisa kwakanyanya.
7.4 Kumanikidza kwakaiswa kwakanyanya kutsamira pane tembiricha yekuedza. Kana kuedzwa na 175 ° C, hapana mutsauko mukumanikidza kwakaiswa pakati pei chero polymers (set inokurudzirwa nekugadzirwa kweiyo nzvimbo yeiyo denderedzwa uye sarudzo yeVulcanization system). Mushure mekunyunguduka kwevahedheni makristasi, polymer inoratidzira fomu yeAmorphous, uye kuti tiongorore mhedzisiro yezvinhu zvetsika, miedzo yakaitwa pa 23 ° C. Polymers ane yakakwira ethyley yakajeka gadziriso yekukwira zvakajeka (kanopfuura kaviri zvakapetwa kaviri), uye mhedzisiro yezvinhu zvevaEtlyny yakatonyanya kukura kana yakaedzwa pa -20 ° C and -40 ° C. Polymers neanopfuura makumi matanhatu muzana ezvinyorwa zvine hunyanzvi hwakanyanya hwekusingaperi (> 80%); At -40 ° C, chete iyo chete orgophous polymers ine yakaderera zvachose deform (17%).
7.5 Mhedzisiro yeEthylene yezvinyorwa pane yakadzika tembiricha ichipomedzerwa kubva kuGehman bvunzo. Kupiwa tembiricha, iyo yakakwira kona, iyo yakaderera kuwedzera kwekuomarara (kana kuwedzera musilus). Pakupisa kwakadzika, kuomesa musoro kunowedzera zvakanyanya nekuwedzera kwetsitsi. Kune Amorphous Polymers, T2 iri -47 ° C, nepo wepamusoro wechiEndylene Comylene Polymer ane t2 ye t2 ye 1 ° c.
7.6TR kuyera shringerge yekufungidzira mushure mekuwedzera kusunungura, iyo Ethylene yezvinyorwa ine kukosha kwakanyanya munzira yekuedzwa, iyo yakafanana neiyo gehman bvunzo.
Izvi zvakafanana neiyo gehman bvunzo. Iyo shrinkage (%) yevakasiyana phermers inosiyana sebasa rekushisa, neAmorphous Polymers iri kupora kwazvo kudzora kupisa; Nekudaro, sezvakafanotaurwa, kupora kunoshatisa sezvo iyo ethylene yezvinyorwa inowedzera pane yakapihwa tembiricha.
kupora kunoshatisa. Iko kukosha kweTr10 inosiyana kubva -53 ° C yeAmorphous Polymers kusvika -28 ° CLymers C for yePolymers ane maTheylylene Etherylene.
7.7 compressive kushushikana kwekuzorora (CSR) kutenderera
Kutenderera. Compress makomisheni, uvatende kuti uzorodze pa25 h, uye wozovaisa mukutenderera kwe tembiricha kubva muzana c kusvika 110 ° C nguva yegumi nemana ye 24 h. Paunenge wamanikidzwa kekutanga, mushure menguva yekuenzana, iyo Crystalline Polymer E ane simba rekusimbisa kweAmorphous polymer Kupedza nzvimbo yegumi nenomwe. Kutenderera kunotevera kwakaunza mhedziso dzakafanana. Zviri pachena kuti Amorphous polymers yakakwirira kune inosanganisira mashandisirwo aunoita yakakwirira uye yakaderera tembiricha inodiwa.
8. Mhedzisiro ye diolefin zvemukati
Kuti upe pfungwa isina kusimbiswa inodiwa kuti vulcanation, isina-conjugated diolefins se enb, hx uye dcpd inowedzerwa kune ethylene prolly prolly. Imwe danho mbiri inosangana muPolymer Matrix, nepo chechipiri zviito sekukwana kune iyo Polymerized molecular cheni uye inopa iyo Vulcanation Point yeSarufa yero. Mhedzisiro yeENB yakaongororwa mumhepo mhepo (mvura) bar profiles. Polymers ine 2%, 6% uye 8% enb yakafananidzwa.Kuwedzerwa kweENB kwakave nemhedzisiro yakakosha pane hunhu hwehunyanzvi uye kuyambuka density. Modulus yakawedzera nepo elongation yakaderera zvakanyanya. Kuomerwa kwakawedzera uye kumanikidza kwakaiswa kwakagadziriswa panguva yekudziya kusimuka. Sezvo iyo enb yezvinyorwa inowedzera, iyo nguva yekubhadhara ichipfupi.
Enb ndeye Amorphous Chinyorwa, uye kana chakawedzerwa kuPolymer yeChikamu cheTehymy yePolymer, kuitira kuti polymer ine maitiro akafanana anokwanisa kuwanikwa, uye zvirimo zvepamusoro zve enb anovandudza zvivakwa zvekushambadzira. Pamhepo tembiricha, iyo yepamusoro enb inokonzeresa zvishoma inovandudza kumanikidza yakaiswa nekuda kweiyo yakavandudzwa crosslink density. Nekudaro, pakupisa kwakadzika, kumanikidza kwakaiswa kwevanopora nepamusoro enb zviri nani pane izvo zviri nani pane izvo zvePolymers ne 2% Enb zvemukati. Mhedzisiro yeENB FUNTTLE Tembiricha, tembiricha yekudzidzira, uye muedzo waGehman hauna kuratidza chero mutsauko wekupisa pakati pePolymer.
9. Mhedzisiro ye mooney viscosity pane yakadzika tembiricha yezvivakwa
Izvo zvinonyatsozivikanwa kuti mooney viscosity (molecular misa) ine kukosha kwakanyanya pane maitiro ekugadzirisa ealastomers. Mukuwedzera uye kuumbwa kwekuwedzera mukuwedzera uye kuumbwa zvikumbiro, zvakakosha kuti usarudze kuumbwa neakakodzera mooney viscosity kukosha. Uchishandisa iyo yakafanana mafambiro aishandiswa kuongorora mhedzisiro yeMonomer yechitatu, polymarature zvivakwa zveMonoy of 30, 60, uye monoy viscosity yeMoneplounds yakawedzera seye mooney viscosity yePolymers inoshandiswa kuwedzera. Simba resimba, Modulus, uye rakaburitswa Rubber Simba rakawedzera nekuwedzera monoy viscosity. Mhedzisiro ye mooney viscosity pane yakaderera tembiricha yezvivakwa zveEpdm haina kukosha. Nekudaro, kusunganidzwa kwekusarongeka kwekusingaperi pamhepo tembiricha, -20 ° C and -40 ° C inowedzera nekuwedzera misa. Nekudaro, kumanikidza kwakaiswa pamhepo tembiricha, -20 ° C uye -40 ° C havana kuchinja zvakanyanya neyakagadzirwa
10. Mhedziso
Iyo ethylene uye dielfin zvemukati zvine chekuita nekuita kwe EPDM elasmery mune yakaderera yekunyorera uye Polymers ine yakakwirira diolefin kuvandudza nekuda kweiyo Englyne chikamu chePolymer yePolymer. Yakadzika ethylene yezvinyorwa polymers inofanira kushandiswa kana pakaderera tembiricha kuita iri miganho.
