I-Fluoroelastomer ithuthukiswe ngempumelelo futhi yafakwa ekukhiqizweni kwezimboni yiDuPont maphakathi nawo-1950s iminyaka engaphezu kwengama-60. Inokumelana nowoyela okuhle kakhulu, ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu, ukumelana ne-asidi okugxilile, ukumelana ne-alkali, ukumelana nemisebe, ukumelana nokugqwala, ukumelana ne-oxidant okuqinile, ukumelana namakhemikhali okuqinile, ukuminyana kwegesi okuhle, izakhiwo ezinhle zomzimba nemishini, kanye nokufakwa kukagesi, ukucindezelwa okuphansi kanye nokuwohloka unomphela. Njengenjoloba ekhethekile yokwenziwa, isetshenziswa kabanzi embonini yamakhemikhali, i-aerospace, imoto, imboni ye-petroleum, imishini, i-electronics neminye imikhakha. Irabha ye-fluorine inokusebenza okuhle kakhulu kanye namathemba okusebenza abanzi. Ithuthukiswe ngokuzimela irabha ye-fluoroether esezingeni eliphansi yaseChina isetshenziswe ngempumelelo ekwenzeni uchungechunge lwe-Long March lokwethulwa kwezimpawu zemishini ye-servo yemoto, futhi yahlanganiswa kumajethi ezempi, amathangi amasha epayipi likawoyela, ukushefa kwesekethe kagesi nezinye izesekeli. Ekusetshenzisweni komphakathi kwezingxenye zezimoto, okwandayo usuku nosuku, emkhakheni wezimboni kancane kancane ukhuthaza ukusetshenziswa kwerabha ye-fluorine.

Nakuba irabha ye-fluorine inokumelana okuhle kakhulu nabezindaba kanye nokushisa okuphezulu njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, kukhona okungavamile kanye nobunzima ekucubunguleni nasekukhiqizeni imikhiqizo yenjoloba ye-fluorine, phakathi kwayo evamile ishisa izinto ezifile lapho ixutshwa, ivulekile yokucwenga ama-rollers anamathelayo, ngezinye izikhathi amachashazi amancane amhlophe atholakala lapho ukusika nokuhlola ngemva kokukhishwa kwefilimu, imikhiqizo kulula ukuyikhipha futhi iklebhula, kukhona ukuqhekeka nokuqhekeka. ukuntuleka kwenjoloba, ukuguqulwa komkhiqizo, ukubola kwesikhunta esingathí sina nezinye izenzakalo, ezithinta ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo. Izinga lemikhiqizo liyathinteka.

Ukuphendula kulokhu okungavamile okungenhla ohlelweni lokukhiqiza, izixazululo ezilandelayo zenziwe.

Iphuzu 1. Izinto ezifile zenjoloba eyi-fluorine

Isizathu sokuxhumana kwenjoloba yesithako nemikhiqizo ephuzi nesibabule noma ephuzi nesibabule, amabhizinisi amaningi awanawo umshini wenjoloba wokucwenga okhethekile, ovame ukucwengisiswa enye impahla yenjoloba ephuzi yesibabule, ukuhlanza akukho endaweni, noma izithako ezingcoliswe ngengozi nesibabule esiphuzi noma amanzi, ukuze kuhlanganiswe nomgqugquzeli wenjoloba we-fluorine obangelwa ukushiswa kwenjoloba ukwenza noma isenzo sokushiswa kwenjoloba. ukubola. Isixazululo, umshini okhethekile ongcono kakhulu, uma kungenjalo, kufanele futhi ube ekuguqulweni kwenjoloba ye-fluorine ngaphambi kokucwenga, kufanele uhlanzeke ngokuphelele ipuleti le-baffle kanye nepuleti yezinto ezibonakalayo, ugweme ngokuphelele ukuthintana namanzi nesibabule ophuzi, izithako isicelo amathuluzi akhethekile, impahla a spoon, ukuvimbela cross-ukungcola. Gcina i-calcium hydroxide ne-magnesium oxide ivaliwe futhi ilungele ukusetshenziswa.

Iphuzu 2. Isenzakalo serola elinamathelayo

Ikakhulukazi enkambisweni yokuxuba emshinini wokuvula, izinto zenjoloba ziboshwe ngokuqinile ku-roller yangemuva, noma ngesikhathi esifanayo zihlanganiswe ngaphambi nangemva kwama-roller amabili, okuholela ekutheni impahla yangaphambili yenjoloba ayikwazi ukuguqula ukucwengwa, futhi lokhu okulandelayo nge-ejenti eyengeziwe kucindezelwe kalula ku-flakes bese kuwa, okuholela ekuhlakazweni okungalingani. Isizathu esiyinhloko sento yerabha ye-fluorine enamathela kuma-roller i-Menny ephansi noma i-molecule ephansi ye-rubber ye-fluorine. Isixazululo sale nkinga ukukhetha irabha eluhlaza ene-viscosity engaba ngu-70, nokusebenzisa irabha eluhlaza enokusabalalisa kwesisindo samangqamuzana amancane, bese wengeza inani elincane le-wax yaseBrazil noma i-fluorine wax noma i-polyethylene enesisindo esiphansi samangqamuzana kufomula, engaphinda ixazulule into enamathelayo ye-roller.

Iphuzu 3. Mayelana namachashaza amancane amhlophe erabha ehlanganisiwe

Kungenxa ezinye ukuhlakazwa powder of fluorine injoloba compounding ejenti akuyona iyunifomu, noma ngenxa powder umswakama caking, ezifana acid absorbers calcium hydroxide, magnesium oxide nomhlaba diatomaceous, barium sulfate, njll, ikhambi, ukuvimbela umswakama compounding ejenti futhi uqinise inqubo mncane pass.

Iphuzu 4. Umkhiqizo kulula ukudabula

Imbangela, ingase ibe i-burr ewugqinsi kakhulu, iphungule lapho idwengula, noma isikhunta esiqine kakhulu, ngaphandle kwesikhunta izingxenye ze-burr zinamathele esikhunjeni, kulula kusuka kumkhiqizo kanye ne-burr ngaphambi kokudabula, amandla angalingani lapho uqala isikhunta, ukudabula kalula umkhiqizo. Ngezinye izikhathi ukucutshungulwa komgodi wokubunjwa kuba nzima, noma izinto ezinamathelayo zinamathela esikhunjeni, futhi lapho i-vulcanization isiphelile, kubangela ubunzima ukususa isikhunta futhi kudabuke umkhiqizo kalula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinga lokushisa le-vulcanization liphezulu kakhulu, okuzokwenza ukuthi imikhiqizo ibe brittle futhi iklebhuke kalula. Ngenxa yalokhu okungavamile okungenhla, kungaxazululwa kusuka kulezi zici ezilandelayo: ukunemba kokucubungula isikhunta kufanele kube ubushelelezi obuhle be-cavity Ra ngaphansi kuka-0.8, igebe elifanele akufanele libe likhulu kakhulu, ukulawulwa kokushisa kwe-vulcanization okushiywe phakathi kwama-degree angu-170 kuhle, kanye nesisindo se-rubber kufanele sinembile.

Iphuzu 5. nokuqhekeka Inkinga yokushwabana

Kungenxa yokucindezela kususwa lapho isikhunta sivulwa, i-fluorine rubber shrinkage, kanye nengxenye ye-burr inamathele esikhunjini esinobuso obuphakathi, ngakho-ke phakathi kwengxenye yomkhiqizo kanye ne-burr ikhiqiza amandla aqinile, ukuze umkhiqizo kanye ne-burr ihlukanise, lapho i-crack enclosure inwetshwa engxenyeni yomkhiqizo, ibangela ukuncipha nokuqhekeka. Isixazululo ukwehlisa izinga lokushisa le-vulcanization ngendlela efanele, khetha i-viscosity ye-Menny cishe ku-70 [ML1+4] 121 degrees, kuyilapho i-mold fit degree kufanele ifaneleke, ingaxegi kakhulu futhi iqine kakhulu.

Iphuzu 6. Umphetho ufana nokuvutha

Kuyinto izinga lokushisa vulcanization liphezulu kakhulu, ikakhulukazi imikhiqizo awugqinsi, ezifanele ukunciphisa izinga lokushisa vulcanization kunganqotshwa.

Iphuzu lesi-7. Kukhona imikhondo endaweni

I t kungenxa ethangeni ingxenye yezinto zokunamathisela ayihlanganisiwe ngokuphelele, noma ngenxa ye-adhesive strip inokungcola noma ukungcola kwamafutha, isisombululo siwukugcina umugqa wokunamathisela owenziwe ngaphambilini endaweni yokugcina, ukuthutha, ukulayisha i-glue ihlanzekile, ukuvimbela ukungcola.

Iphuzu 8. Ukuntuleka kweglue

Ihlobene nesakhiwo sesikhunta kanye ne-liquidity yeglue. Isikhunta esivaliwe kungenzeka ukuthi sikhiqize ukuntuleka kweglue kunesikhunta esivulekile. Isixazululo ukulungisa uketshezi lwerabha futhi uvule imbobo yokukhipha umoya emgodini wokukhunta.

Iphuzu 9. Ukuguqulwa komkhiqizo

Kungenxa ye-fluorine injoloba shrinkage izinga likhulu, ngemva kokubumba umkhiqizo shrinkage anisotropy, i-coefficient of thermal ukunwetshwa injoloba ngezindlela ezahlukene uhlukile, inqubo vulcanization ezimbili izokwakha ezengeziwe cross-linking, ikakhulukazi ingxenye vulcanization ngaphansi sulfure, vulcanization ezimbili zomkhiqizo, sovulcanization unikeze isikhathi esigcwele deformation, sovulcanization isikhathi esigcwele. ukugwema ukonakala okubili kokuguqulwa komkhiqizo.

Iphuzu 10.Isikhunta sibala into ebucayi

Ngokuvamile sisebenzisa irabha ye-fluorine yohlobo lwe-26, uhlelo lwe-phenol vulcanization, ohlelweni lwe-vulcanization luzokhiqizwa i-HF, i-asidi eqinile kakhulu, inomthelela omkhulu wokugqwala esikhunjeni, ifomula yokwengeza i-asidi emunca iwukuba ukumunca i-HF ekhiqizwayo, ukuvimbela ukungcoliswa kwesikhunta. Isixazululo ukusebenzisa i-calcium hydroxide ne-magnesium oxide eyanele ngokuhambisana nefomula, umthamo ngokuvamile uba izingxenye eziyisi-6 nezingxenye ezingu-3, ​​futhi i-wax yase-Brazilian ingangezwa kufomula, engathuthela endaweni yenjoloba ngesikhathi sokwenziwa i-vulcanization ukuze kwakhe ifilimu ukuvimbela isikhunta ukuthi singangcoliswa.

Okungavamile okungenhla okuyishumi okujwayelekile ekukhiqizeni nasekusetshenzisweni kwenjoloba ye-fluorine kungaxazululwa ngezinyathelo ezihlukahlukene.