Zinc oxide i xitirhisiwa lexi tirhaka lexi tirhisiwaka ngopfu eka ku lulamisiwa ka rhaba. Eka vuhumelerisi bya rhaba, thyaka na maendlelo yo vuyisa swilo swinga humesa ti zinc compounds, leswi vangaka khombo eka mbango, hikokwalaho nhlayo ya zinc oxide eka formula ya rhaba yifanele kuhungutiwa. active zinc oxide yina vukulu bya ti particle byintsongo, ndzhawu leyikulu yale henhla, ntirho wale henhla wa vulcanization, loko ku pimanyisiwa na zinc oxide leyi tolovelekeke, nhlayo ya active zinc oxide yahunguteka, xisweswo yihunguta khombo ra zinc eka mbango, leswi kombisaka mbuyelo wa mbango na ikhonomi.
Ctive zinc oxide yi humelerisiwa hiku tirhisa endlelo ro tsakama, kuhlanganisiwa ka precipitation naku oxiwa, kuva ku humelerisa active zinc oxide na transparent zinc oxide, kuhambana na maendlelo ya ndhavuko ya indirect calcination lawa ya tirhisiwaka hi vahumelerisi van’wana votala. Endlelo ro tsakama rina xiyimo xale henhla xaku tshamiseka eka khwalithi, maendlelo lawa yatlhela ya endla leswaku kuva na ndzhawu leyikulu yokarhi yale henhla (40m2/g) xikan’we naku hangalasiwa lokunene ka vukulu bya ti particle eka switirhisiwa swotala, naswona nhlayo yale hansi ya thyaka ra nsimbi yo tika i yin’wana ya switiyisekiso swa mbango swa xiendliwa lexi.
Endlelo ra vuhumelerisi bya maendlelo yo tsakama hindlela leyi landzelaka: zinc ingot na sulfuric acid reaction kuva yi humesa zinc sulfate, kutani ku cinca ka yona na sodium carbonate kuva yi humelerisa zinc carbonate tani hi raw material ya zinc oxide. Hi zinc carbonate tani hi raw material, zinc oxide yi endliwa hiku hlantswiwa, ku omisiwa, ku calcining naku pfotlosiwa.
Vukulu bya ti particle bya xikarhi bya active zinc oxide i 50nm, ndzhawu yokarhi yale henhla yikulu, kwalomu ka 40m2/g, naswona ti crystals tina vulombe, ti ntshunxekile naswona ti porous, hikokwalaho ku hangalaka ka kahle; rivilo ra yona ro hangalaka ri hatlisa kutlula zinc oxide leyi tolovelekeke, ku hangalaka kafana, eka reaction ku antswisa xiendlakalo xa bridging agglomeration, hi xisekelo yinga reacted hiku hetiseka; tinsimbi to tika Pb2 +, Cu2 +, Cd2 +, Mn2 +, Fe2 + nhlayo yale hansi swinene, hiku fambisana na swilaveko swa nsirhelelo wa mbango.
Matirhiselo ya Swikumiwa
Zinc oxide eka indasitiri ya rhaba yitirhisiwa ngopfu tani hi rubber vulcanization active agent (accelerating agent), ntirho wa yona iku ndlandlamuxa ku tirhisiwa ka vulcanization accelerator xikan’we naku antswisa mbuyelo wa vulcanization wa rhaba. Ndlela ya yona ya reaction i: zinc oxide na accelerator chemical reaction kuva yi humesa accelerator zinc salt; munyu wa zinc wa xihatlisisi na timolekhuli ta polysulfide ku tumbuluxa munyu wa zinc wa polysulfide; polysulfide zinc salt na rhaba macromolecule reaction ku hetisisa crosslinking yohetelela ya tikhemikhali, leswaku kuta hlohleteriwa vulcanization ya rhaba, activation naku tiyisisa ntirho wa anti-aging, ku fikelela kutshamiseka, vuhlayiseki bya processing, mpimo lowukulu wa kuhunguteka eka mpimo lowu nga na xihoxo, na ku antswisa switirhisiwa swa rhaba, ku lwisana na mihloti, ku lwisana na abrasion, naku engetela fixed elongation ya vulcanized rhaba, naswona ku engetela mbuyelo wa vulcanization ya rhaba. Naswona ku antswisa ntshikelelo wa ku ololoka ka rhaba leyi vulcanized, matimba ya tensile na elongation, ku hunguta compression permanent deformation, na swin’wana.
1. Zinc oxide leyi tirhaka eka xitirhisiwa xa semi-steel radial tire innerliner
Eka nhlayo leyi fanaka ya swiyimo, ku tirhisiwa ka active zinc oxide 2 # formula rubber curing speed ku tlula ku tirhisiwa ka zinc oxide leyi tolovelekeke 1 # formula rubber swi engetelekile hi kwalomu ka 1 wa minkarhi; 3 # formula ya active zinc oxide dosage i ntsena 1 # formula ya ordinary zinc oxide dosage ya 80%, kambe 3 # formula ya rivilo ro horisa ra rhaba ra ha hatlisa swinene ku tlula formula ya rhaba l. 3 formulations ya swivumbeko swa coking ya rhaba, viscosity ya Menni ayi hambananga ngopfu.
Test formula vulcanized rubber hardness, constant tensile stress, tensile strength na tear strength kutlula production formula vulcanized rubber yi antswisiwile, ku lwisana na ku karhala na flexural performance level swa ringanisiwa, ku hisa na moya wa ku dyuhala matirhelo ya hungutekile nyana.
active zinc oxide ematshan’wini ya zinc oxide leyi tolovelekeke leyi tirhisiwaka eka semi-steel radial tire inner ply rubber, ku horisa swivumbeko swa nyama swa rhaba na ku tirhisiwa ka zinc oxide leyi tolovelekeke yo horisa levele ya rhaba swi ringanisiwa na ya rhaba, rivilo ra rhaba ra vulcanization ri hatlisisiwa, leswi pfunaka ku hunguta nkarhi wa vulcanization. Ku tirhisiwa ka zinc oxide leyi tirhaka swinga hunguta nhlayo ya zinc oxide, leyi cinca cincaka swinene kuya hi swilaveko swa nsirhelelo wa mbango.
2. Ku tirhisiwa ka zinc oxide leyi tirhaka eka rhaba ya radial tire tread
Hiku tlakuka ka nhlayo ya active zinc oxide, TC10 na TC90 overall trend ya kukula. ML na MH a va cincanga ngopfu. Leswi swivula leswaku active zinc oxide yinga tirhisiwa hi nhlayo leyi hungutiweke.
Ku tiya ka tensile, 100% elongation, 300% elongation xikan’we naku handzuka ka rhaba aswi cincanga ngopfu hiku tlakuka ka nhlayo ya active zinc oxide. Loko mpimo wu tlula 5 wa swiphemu, matimba yo handzuka ya rhaba leyi vulcanized ya hunguteka inst ead, leswi vangiwaka hi ku tlakuka ngopfu ka crosslink density. Endzhaku ka ku dyuhala eka 100 °C× 24h, performance retention rate ya rubber compound leyingana 3 wa swiphemu swa active zinc oxide hi yona ya kahle swinene, naswona leyingana 2.5 wa swiphemu swa dosage hi yona yinga biha swinene. Xivangelo xingava nhlayo ya 2.5 wa swiphemu, xivumbeko xa vulcanized rubber mesh axi hetisekanga, leswi tlhelaka swi kombisiwa eka ku leha loku fanaka eka ku handzuka, ku onhaka ka nkarhi hinkwawo eka ku handzuka, Shore hardness, na matirhelo ya compression heat generation.
Ku engeteriwa ka active zinc oxide rubber blend, TC10 na TC90 swi lehe swinene, torque yale hansi ya ML, torque yale henhla ya Mn na ku hambana exikarhi ka MH timbirhi a ML swi engeteleka, leswi kombisaka leswaku vuhlayiseki bya yona byo lulamisa, rivilo ra vulcanization ri nonoka, degree ya cross-linking yi engetelekile, matimba ya yona ya tensile, 100% fixed elongation, 300% fixed elongation na matimba yo tsemeka ya antswisiwile, 100 °C × 24h ku dyuhala, swivumbeko swa xikombiso swa mpimo wa ku khoma swinene Endzhaku ka ku dyuhala eka 100 °C× 24h, mpimo wa ku hlayisiwa ka matirhelo ya xikombiso wu antswisiwile swinene. Loko active zinc oxide yitirhisiwa hi nhlayo leyi hungutiweke, TC90 - TS1 ya koma, ku cinca ka ML na MH aswikulu, naswona swivumbeko swa michini swa ku cinca ka rhaba leyi vulcanized aswi vonaki; 2.5 wa swiphemu swa mpimo, ku lwisana na ku dyuhala ka rhaba leyi vulcanized swa hunguteka, hikokwalaho nhlayo yinga hungutiwa kuya eka 3 wa swiphemu swa mpimo lowu faneleke ku tirhisiwa.
Swipfuno swa zinc oxide
Hiku tirhisa data ya experimental ya switirhisiwa leswinga laha henhla, swinga dyondziwa leswaku active zinc oxide yinga tirhisiwa ngopfu eka switirhisiwa swohambana hambana swa rhaba.
(1) Yi ni ku hangalaka lokunene eka swilo leswi endliweke hi rhaba, naswona swivumbeko swa yona swa xiviri ni swa michini swa antswisiwa;
(2) Eka endlelo ra vulcanization. Nkarhi wa coking wa swilo swa rhaba wu leha, vuhlayiseki bya vulcanization bya antswisiwa, naswona ku tirha kahle ka vulcanization swa antswisiwa;
(3) Hikwalaho ka ndzhawu leyikulu yokarhi yale henhla xikan’we na vukulu bya swiphemuphemu leswintsongo swa zinc oxide leyi tirhaka , yinga tirhisiwa hi nhlayo leyi hungutiweke eka ku engeteriwa ka switirhisiwa swin’wana swa rhaba.
