Wɔ rɔba adwumayɛ mu no, ahoɔden a etwa to a ɛyɛ den no yɛ mfiridwuma mu ade titiriw. Saa nhwehwɛmu parameter yi susuw ahoɔden a etwa to a ɛwɔ vulcanised rɔba aduru mu. Sɛ wɔantwe rɔba ade bi anbɛn n’ahoɔden a etwa to a ɛyɛ den no da mpo a, nnipa pii a wɔde rɔba di dwuma no da so ara bu no sɛ ade titiriw a ɛkyerɛ sɛnea aduru no nyinaa te. Enti tensile ahoɔden yɛ nkyerɛkyerɛmu a ɛfa nneɛma nyinaa ho, na ɛwom sɛ ade pɔtee bi a wɔde di dwuma awiei koraa no ne no nni hwee yɛ de, nanso mpɛn pii no, ɛsɛ sɛ wɔn a wɔyɛ nnuru no fi wɔn kwan so na ama wɔatumi ahyia.

1. Nnyinasosɛm ahorow a ɛwɔ hɔ nyinaa .

Sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wobenya ahoɔden a ɛkorɔn sen biara a ɛtwetwe ade no, ɛsɛ sɛ obi taa fi ase fi elastomers so wɔ baabi a strain-induced crystallisation betumi aba, s.e. NR, Cr, IR, HNBR.

2. Abɔdeɛ mu rɔba NR .

Mpɛn pii no, nneɛma a wɔde nkata so a egyina abɔde mu rɔba so no wɔ ahoɔden a ɛkɔ soro sen neoprene a wɔde nkata so no. Wɔ abɔde mu rɔba ahorow ahorow no mu no, nea ɛto so 1 a ɛyɛ wusiw sini no na ɛwɔ ahoɔden a ɛsen biara a ɛma obi twe ne ho. Wɔabɔ amanneɛ sɛ, anyɛ yiye koraa no, wɔ nnuru a wɔde carbon tuntum ahyɛ mu ma ho no, nea ɛto so 3 a ɛyɛ wusiw sini no ma ahoɔden a ɛyɛ den sen nea ɛyɛ hu sen nea ɛto so 1 no. Wɔ abɔde mu rɔba a wɔde yɛ nneɛma ho no, ɛsɛ sɛ wɔkwati nnuru a wɔde yɛ plastic (plastisol) te sɛ biphenyl amidothiophenol anaa pentachlorothiophenol (PCTP), efisɛ ɛtew ahoɔden a ɛwɔ aduru no mu no so.

3. Chloroprene CR .

Chloroprene (Cr) yɛ rɔba a ɛyɛ ahwehwɛ a ɛma ahoɔden a ɛyɛ den a ɛma ɛyɛ den sɛ ɛbɛtwetwe bere a nneɛma a wɔde hyɛ mu no nni hɔ no. Nokwarem no, ɛtɔ mmere bi a wobetumi ama ahoɔden a ɛtwetwe no ayɛ kɛse denam dodow a wɔde hyɛ mu no a wɔbɛtew so no so. CR molecule mu duru a ɛkɔ soro no ma ahoɔden a ɛkɔ soro a ɛma ɛyɛ den.

4. Nitrile rɔba NBR .

NBR a ɛwɔ acrylonitrile (ACN) a ɛwɔ mu no ma ahoɔden a ɛkɔ soro a ɛma ɛtwetwe ade. NBR a ɛwɔ molecule mu duru a ɛyɛ teateaa no ma ahoɔden a ɛtwetwe no yɛ kɛse.

5. Nkɛntɛnso a molecule mu duru nya .

Ɛdenam optimisation so no, NBR ahorow a wɔde meniscus viscosity a ɛkɔ soro ne molecule mu duru a ɛkɔ soro di dwuma no ma ahoɔden a ɛkɔ soro tensile.

6. Elastomers a wɔde carbox ayɛ .

Susuw ho sɛ wode xnBR a wɔde carboxylated ne HNBR a wɔde carboxylated ayɛ asi NBR a wɔmfa carboxyl ayɛ no ananmu de xHNBR a wɔde carboxyl ayɛ no na ama ahoɔden a ɛwɔ aduru no mu no atu mpɔn.

Carboxylated NBR a ɛwɔ zinc oxide dodow a ɛfata no ma ahoɔden a ɛtwetwe no yɛ kɛse sen NBR a wɔtaa de di dwuma no.

7. EPDM .

EPDM (ethylene a ɛdɔɔso) a wɔde di dwuma wɔ ahwehwɛ fã mu no ma ahoɔden a ɛkɔ soro ba.

8. Reactive EPDM .

EPDM a wɔansakra no a wɔde 2% (mass fraction) maleic anhydride modified EPDM besi ananmu wɔ NR a wɔde afrafra mu no ma NR/EPDM nnuru no ahoɔden a ɛtwetwe no yɛ kɛse.

9. gels .

Mpɛn pii no, gel a wɔde yɛ nneɛma te sɛ SBR no kura nneɛma a ɛma ɛyɛ den. Nanso, sɛ wɔde SBR nnuru frafra mu wɔ ɔhyew a ɛboro 163°C so a, wobetumi ayɛ gel a ɛyɛ mmerɛw (a wobetumi de afra) ne gel a ɛyɛ den (a wontumi mmɔ mu na ɛnyɛ nea ɛtumi nwura mu wɔ nnuru bi mu) nyinaa. Gel ahorow abien no nyinaa brɛ ahoɔden a ɛwɔ aduru no mu no ase. Enti, ɛsɛ sɛ wɔde ahwɛyiye di SBR a wɔde frafra no ho dwuma.

10. Vulcanisation .

Ɔkwan a ɛho hia a wobɛfa so anya ahoɔden a ɛkorɔn a ɛma wo ho yɛ den ne sɛ wobɛma crosslink density no ayɛ papa, akwati under-sulphurisation, post-vulcanisation na woakwati rɔba no a ɛbɛbɔ bere a vulcanisation no aba esiane nhyɛso a ɛnnɔɔso anaasɛ nneɛma a ɛyɛ hyew a wɔde di dwuma nti.

11. Nhyɛso-a ɛba vulcanisation .

Wɔ nneɛma a wɔde vulcanis ayɛ mu wɔ autoclaves mu no, wobetumi akwati sɛ akisikuru a ɛba ne nea efi mu ba no so tew denam nhyɛso no a wɔbɛtew so nkakrankakra kosi sɛ vulcanisation no bɛba awiei no, wonim eyi sɛ ‘pressure drop vulcanisation’.

12. Vulcanisation bere ne ɔhyew .

Vulcanisation mmere a ɛware wɔ ɔhyew a ɛba fam mu no ma multi-sulphur bond networks ba, sulfur crosslink density a ɛkorɔn ne nea efi mu ba ne ahoɔden a ɛkɔ soro.

13. Wobetumi ama ahoɔden a ɛtwetwe no atu mpɔn denam akwan pa a wɔfa so frafra mu ma ɛma nneɛma a wɔde hyɛ mu a ɛhyɛ den te sɛ carbon black no pete no tu mpɔn, bere a wɔkwati efĩ anaa nneɛma akɛse a wɔapete no frafra no.

14. Nneɛma a wɔde hyɛ mu .

Wɔ nneɛma a wɔde hyɛ mu te sɛ carbon black anaa silica ho no, nneɛma nketenkete ketewaa bi a wɔpaw a ɛwɔ soro kɛse pɔtee bi no betumi ayɛ nea etu mpɔn wɔ ahoɔden a ɛma ɛyɛ den sɛ ɛbɛtwetwe no mu. Ɛsɛ sɛ wɔkwati nneɛma a wɔde hyɛ mu a ɛnyɛ den anaasɛ ɛhyɛ mu ma te sɛ dɔte, calcium carbonate, talc, quartz anhwea, ne nea ɛkeka ho.

15. Carbon tuntum .

Nea ɛbɛyɛ na carbon black apete yiye no, ɛsɛ sɛ wɔma nea wɔde hyɛ mu no yɛ kɛse kodu baabi a eye sen biara na ama ahoɔden a ɛtwetwe no atu mpɔn. Carbon black a ne kɛse yɛ ketewaa bi no bɛyɛ nea ɛba fam a eye sen biara. Carbon black no ani pɔtee a ɛkɔ soro na ɛma carbon black no pete no tu mpɔn denam afrafra kyinhyia no a wɔbɛtrɛw mu no so no betumi ama rɔba no ahoɔden a ɛtwetwe no atu mpɔn.

16. Kɔla fitaa a ɛyɛ tuntum .

Silica a ɛtɔ gu fam a ɛwɔ soro pɔtee a ɛkorɔn a wɔde di dwuma no betumi ama ahoɔden a ɛwɔ aduru no mu no atu mpɔn yiye.

17. Plasticisers .

Ɛsɛ sɛ wɔkwati plasticisers sɛ wɔpɛ sɛ wonya ahoɔden a ɛkorɔn a.

18. Sɛ vulcanising NBR nnuru a, ɛyɛ den kɛse sɛ wɔbɛpete vulcanisation a wɔtaa yɛ no pɛpɛɛpɛ, enti, sulfur a wɔde magnesium carbonate ayɛ no bɛpete yiye wɔ polar compounds te sɛ NBR mu. Sɛ vulcanising agent no npetee yiye a, ahoɔden a ɛtwetwe no betumi anya nkɛntɛnso kɛse.

19. Multi-sulphur bonded crosslinking network .

Wɔ vulcanisation nhyehyɛe a wɔtaa yɛ no mu no, crosslinking network no yɛ nea polysulphide bonds na ɛwɔ so; Wɔ EV mu no, crosslinking network no yɛ sulphide bonds biako ne abien, kan de no de ahoɔden a ɛkɔ soro ba.

20. ionic crosslinking ntwamutam .

Ionic cross-linked compounds no wɔ ahoɔden a ɛkɔ soro a ɛma ɛtwetwe efisɛ cross-linked points no tumi hwirew ma enti ɛkɔ so a wɔantetew mu.

21. Nhyɛso a ɛwɔ adwennwen mu .

Abɔde mu rɔba ne neoprene a adwennwen ahwehwɛ a ɛwɔ ade a wɔde nkata so no ka bom no bɛboa ma ahoɔden a ɛtwetwe no ayɛ kɛse.