Wɔ rɔba adwumayɛ mu no, ahoɔden a etwa to a wɔde twetwe nneɛma yɛ mfiridwuma mu su titiriw. Saa sɔhwɛ parameter yi susuw ahoɔden a etwa to a ɛwɔ vulcanised rubber compound mu. Sɛ wɔantwe rɔba ade bi anbɛn ne tumi a ɛtwetwe ade a etwa to no da mpo a, wɔn a wɔde rɔba nneɛma di dwuma no pii da so ara bu no sɛ ade titiriw a ɛkyerɛ sɛnea aduru no nyinaa te. Enti ahoɔden a wɔde twetwe ade yɛ ade pɔtee a wɔde di dwuma wɔ ɔkwan a ɛkɔ akyiri so, na ɛwom sɛ ade pɔtee bi a wɔde di dwuma awiei koraa no ne no nni hwee yɛ de, nanso mpɛn pii no ɛsɛ sɛ wɔn a wɔyɛ nnuru no yɛ nea wobetumi biara ansa na wɔadi ho dwuma.
1. Nnyinasosɛm ahorow a ɛfa nneɛma nyinaa ho
Sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a obi benya tensile ahoɔden a ɛkorɔn sen biara no, ɛsɛ sɛ ɔtaa de elastomers fi ase wɔ baabi a strain-induced crystallisation betumi aba, s.e. NR, CR, IR, HNBR.
2. Abɔde mu rɔba NR
Mpɛn pii no, nneɛma a wɔde nkata ade a wɔde abɔde mu rɔba ayɛ no tumi twetwe ade kɛse sen neoprene ntama a wɔde nkata so. Wɔ abɔde mu rɔba ahorow mu no, wusiw sini a ɛto so 1 na ɛwɔ ahoɔden a ɛtwetwe ade kɛse sen biara. Wɔabɔ amanneɛ sɛ, anyɛ yiye koraa no, wɔ nnuru a wɔde carbon tuntum ahyɛ mu ma ho no, wusiw sini a ɛto so 3 no ma ahoɔden a ɛtwetwe ade yiye sen wusiw sini a ɛto so 1 no. Wɔ abɔde mu rɔba afrafrade ho no, ɛsɛ sɛ wɔkwati nnuru a wɔde yɛ plastic (plastisol) te sɛ biphenyl amidothiophenol anaa pentachlorothiophenol (PCTP), efisɛ ɛtew aduru no ahoɔden a ɛtwetwe no so.
3. Chloroprene a wɔde yɛ aduru a wɔfrɛ no CR
Chloroprene (CR) yɛ rɔba a ɛyɛ ahwehwɛ a ɛma ɛyɛ den a ɛma ahoɔden kɛse a ɛtwetwe bere a nneɛma a wɔde hyɛ mu nni hɔ no. Nokwarem no, ɛtɔ mmere bi a wobetumi ama ahoɔden a ɛtwetwe no akɔ soro denam nea wɔde hyɛ mu no dodow a wɔbɛtew so. CR molecule mu duru a ɛkorɔn ma ahoɔden a ɛkorɔn a ɛtwetwe.
4. Nitrile rɔba a wɔde yɛ NBR
NBR a acrylonitrile (ACN) pii wom no ma ahoɔden a ɛkɔ soro a ɛtwetwe. NBR a molecule mu duru nkyekyɛmu teateaa no ma ahoɔden a ɛkorɔn a ɛtwetwe.
5. Nkɛntɛnso a molecule mu duru nya
Ɛnam optimisation so no, NBRs a ɛwɔ meniscus viscosity a ɛkorɔn ne molecule weight a ɛkorɔn a wɔde di dwuma no ma tensile ahoɔden a ɛkorɔn.
6. Elastomers a wɔde carboxylated ayɛ
Susuw ho sɛ wode XNBR a carboxylated besi NBR a enni carboxylated ananmu na wode XHNBR a carboxylated besi HNBR a enni carboxylated ananmu na ama aduru no ahoɔden a ɛtwetwe no atu mpɔn.
NBR a wɔde carboxylated ayɛ a zinc oxide dodow a ɛfata wom no ma ahoɔden a ɛtwetwe ade kɛse sen NBR a wɔtaa de di dwuma no.
7. EPDM a ɛwɔ hɔ
Sɛ wɔde semi-crystalline EPDM (ethylene a ɛdɔɔso) di dwuma a, ɛma ahoɔden a ɛkorɔn a ɛtwetwe.
8. EPDM a ɛyɛ adwuma
Sɛ wɔde EPDM a wɔansakra no 2% (mass fraction) maleic anhydride a wɔayɛ no foforo EPDM a wɔde NR afra mu besi ananmu a, ɛma NR/EPDM nnuru no ahoɔden a ɛtwetwe no yɛ kɛse.
9. Nneɛma a wɔde yɛ gel
Mpɛn pii no, nneɛma a ɛma nneɛma gyina pintinn wɔ gel a wɔayɛ te sɛ SBR mu. Nanso, sɛ wɔde SBR nnuru frafra wɔ ɔhyew a ɛboro 163°C mu a, wobetumi ayɛ gel a ɛyɛ hare (a wobetumi afra mu) ne gel a ɛyɛ den (a wontumi nfra na entumi nnye wɔ nnuru bi mu) nyinaa. Gel ahorow abien no nyinaa tew ahoɔden a ɛwɔ aduru no mu a ɛtwetwe no so. Enti, ɛsɛ sɛ wɔde ahwɛyiye di SBR afrafra hyew no ho dwuma.
10. Vulcan a wɔde di dwuma
Ɔkwan a ɛho hia a wɔfa so nya ahoɔden a ɛkorɔn a wɔde twetwe nneɛma ne sɛ wɔbɛma crosslink density no ayɛ papa, akwati under-sulphurisation, post-vulcanisation na wɔakwati blistering wɔ rɔba no mu bere a vulcanisation no esiane nhyɛso a ɛnnɔɔso anaasɛ volatile components a wɔde di dwuma nti.
11. Nhyɛso-a ɛba fam vulcanisation
Wɔ nneɛma a wɔayɛ no vulcanized wɔ autoclaves mu no, wobetumi akwati akisikuru a ɛba ne ahoɔden a wɔde twe ade a ɛso tew a efi mu ba no denam nhyɛso a wɔbɛtew so nkakrankakra kosi sɛ vulcanisation no bɛba awiei no so, wɔfrɛ eyi sɛ ‘pressure drop vulcanisation’.
12. Vulcanisation bere ne ɔhyew
Vulcanisation mmere tenten wɔ ɔhyew a ɛba fam mu no ma wɔyɛ multi-sulphur bond networks, sulfur crosslink density a ɛkorɔn na nea efi mu ba ne tensile ahoɔden a ɛkorɔn.
13. Wobetumi ama ahoɔden a ɛtwetwe ade atu mpɔn denam akwan a wɔfa so frafra yiye so na ama nneɛma a wɔde hyɛ mu den te sɛ carbon black apete no atu mpɔn, bere a wɔkwati sɛ wɔde efĩ anaa nneɛma akɛse a wɔmmɔ apete bɛfrafra no.
14. Nneɛma a wɔde hyɛ mu
Wɔ nneɛma a wɔde hyɛ mu te sɛ carbon black anaa silica fam no, sɛ wɔpaw nneɛma ketewaa bi a ɛwɔ soro pɔtee kɛse a, ebetumi ayɛ nea etu mpɔn wɔ ahoɔden a wɔde twetwe ade no mu. Ɛsɛ sɛ wɔkwati nneɛma a ɛnyɛ den anaasɛ ɛhyɛ mu ma te sɛ dɔte, calcium carbonate, talc, quartz anhwea, ne nea ɛkeka ho.
15. Carbon tuntum a ɛwɔ hɔ
Sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ na wɔahwɛ ahu sɛ carbon black apete yiye no, ɛsɛ sɛ wɔma nea wɔde hyɛ mu no kɔ soro kodu baabi a eye sen biara na ama ahoɔden a ɛtwetwe no atu mpɔn. Carbon black a ne kɛse yɛ ketewaa no benya dodow a ɛfata a wɔde hyɛ mu ma a ɛba fam. Sɛ wɔma carbon black no ani fã pɔtee no yɛ kɛse na wɔbɛma carbon black no apete atu mpɔn denam afrafra kyinhyia a wɔbɛtrɛw mu no so a, ebetumi ama rɔba no ahoɔden a ɛtwetwe no atu mpɔn.
16. Carbon tuntum a ɛyɛ fitaa
Silica a ɛtɔ gu fam a ɛwɔ soro pɔtee a ɛkorɔn a wɔde di dwuma no betumi ama aduru no ahoɔden a ɛtwetwe no atu mpɔn yiye.
17. Nneɛma a wɔde yɛ plastic
Ɛsɛ sɛ wɔkwati plasticisers sɛ wɔpɛ sɛ ahoɔden a ɛtwetwe no kɛse a.
18. Sɛ wɔreyɛ NBR nnuru a wɔde yɛ vulcanising a, ɛyɛ den sɛ wɔbɛpete vulcanisation a wɔtaa de di dwuma no pɛpɛɛpɛ, enti, sulfur a wɔde magnesium carbonate ayɛ no bɛpete yiye wɔ polar nnuru te sɛ NBR mu. Sɛ vulcanising aduru no anpete yiye a, tumi a ɛtwetwe no betumi aka kɛse.
19. Multi-sulphur a wɔde abɔ crosslinking ntam
Wɔ vulcanisation nhyehyɛe a wɔtaa de di dwuma mu no, polysulphide nkitahodi na ɛdi crosslinking network no so; ne EV no, sulphide nkitahodi biako ne abien na edi crosslinking network no so, na kan no de ahoɔden a ɛtwetwe ade a ɛkorɔn ba.
20. Ionic crosslinking ntam nkitahodi
Ionic cross-linked compounds wɔ tensile ahoɔden a ɛkorɔn efisɛ nsɛntitiriw a cross-linked no tumi hwe ase ma enti ɛkɔ baabiara a ɛntetew.
21. Adwennwen a ɛyɛ ahwehwɛ
Abɔde mu rɔba ne neoprene a nhyɛso ahwehwɛ wom a wɔde ka bom wɔ ade a wɔde nkata ade no mu no bɛboa ma ahoɔden a ɛtwetwe no ayɛ kɛse.
