Mu nganda za reberi, imbaraga zidasanzwe ni umutungo wibanze. Ibi bipimo byubushakashatsi bipima imbaraga zanyuma zingirakamaro ya rubber. Nubwo ibicuruzwa bya reberi bitigera bikwegerwa hafi yingufu zayo zihebuje, abakoresha ibicuruzwa byinshi ba reberi baracyabifata nkikimenyetso cyingenzi cyerekana ubwiza rusange. Imbaraga za Tensile rero ni ibisobanuro rusange muri rusange, kandi nubwo imikoreshereze yanyuma yibicuruzwa runaka ntaho ihuriye nayo, abayikora akenshi bagomba gukora uko bashoboye kugirango bahure.
1. Amahame rusange
Kugirango ubone imbaraga zingana cyane, umuntu agomba gutangirana na elastomers aho ibintu bishobora guterwa na kristu, urugero NR, CR, IR, HNBR.
2. Rubber Kamere NR
Ibifunga bishingiye kuri reberi isanzwe mubusanzwe bifite imbaraga zingana kurenza neoprene. Mubyiciro bitandukanye bya reberi karemano, nimero ya 1 ya fume firime ifite imbaraga zingana cyane. Byatangajwe ko, byibura kubijyanye na karubone yuzuye umukara wuzuye, firime ya 3 ya fume itanga imbaraga zingana kurenza No 1 ya fume. Kubintu bisanzwe bya reberi, plasitiki yimiti (plastisol) nka biphenyl amidothiophenol cyangwa pentachlorothiophenol (PCTP) igomba kwirindwa, kuko igabanya imbaraga zingutu zuruganda.
3. Chloroprene CR
Chloroprene (CR) ni reberi iterwa na kristu ya kristaline itanga imbaraga zingana mugihe habuze abuzuza. Mubyukuri, imbaraga zingana zirashobora rimwe na rimwe kwiyongera mugabanya umubare wuzuza. Uburemere buremereye bwa CR butanga imbaraga zingana.
4. Nitrile rubber NBR
NBR ifite ibintu byinshi bya acrylonitrile (ACN) itanga imbaraga zingana. NBR hamwe no kugabanya uburemere bwa molekuline itanga imbaraga zo hejuru.
5. Ingaruka yuburemere bwa molekile
Mugutezimbere, gukoresha NBRs hamwe na meniskus nyinshi hamwe nuburemere bwa molekile nyinshi bitanga imbaraga zingana.
6. Carboxylated elastomers
Tekereza gusimbuza NBR idafite karubasi na XNBR na karubasi ya HNBR hamwe na XHNBR ya karubone kugirango utezimbere imbaraga zingirakamaro.
Carboxylated NBR hamwe na oxyde ya zinc itanga imbaraga zingana kurenza NBR isanzwe.
7. EPDM
Gukoresha igice cya kirisiti ya EPDM (ibirimo etilene nyinshi) itanga imbaraga zingana.
8. EPDM ikora
Gusimbuza EPDM idahinduwe hamwe na 2% (igice kinini) anhydride yumugabo yahinduwe EPDM ivanze na NR byongera imbaraga zingutu za NR / EPDM.
9. Gels
Gele ya sintetike nka SBR muri rusange irimo stabilisateur. Ariko, mugihe uvanze ibice bya SBR mubushyuhe buri hejuru ya 163 ° C, gele zombi zidafunguye (zishobora kuvangwa) hamwe na gele zikomeye (zidashobora kuvangwa kandi zidashobora gukemuka mumashanyarazi amwe) zirashobora kubyara. Ubwoko bwombi bwa gel bugabanya imbaraga zingana zingirakamaro. Kubwibyo, kuvanga ubushyuhe bwa SBR bigomba kuvurwa neza.
10. Vulcanisation
Inzira y'ingenzi yo kubona imbaraga zingana cyane ni ugutezimbere ubucucike bwa crosslink, kwirinda munsi ya sulphurisation, nyuma ya volcanisation no kwirinda guhuha kwa rubber mugihe cy'ibirunga kubera umuvuduko udahagije cyangwa gukoresha ibice bihindagurika.
11. Umuvuduko ukabije wibitutu
Kubicuruzwa byangiritse muri autoclave, kwibumbira hamwe no kugabanuka kwingufu zingutu birashobora kwirindwa mugabanya gahoro gahoro umuvuduko kugeza iherezo ryikirunga, ibi bizwi nk '' igitutu kigabanuka '.
12. Igihe cya Vulcanisation hamwe nubushyuhe
Igihe kinini cy’ibirunga ku bushyuhe bwo hasi bituma habaho imiyoboro ihuza amasoko menshi ya sulfure, ubwinshi bwa sulfure ihuza ubwinshi bityo imbaraga zikabije.
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14. Abuzuza
Kubuzuza nka karubone umukara cyangwa silika, guhitamo ingano ntoya ifite ubuso bunini bwihariye birashobora kuba byiza mugutezimbere imbaraga. Kudakomeza imbaraga cyangwa kuzuza ibyuzuye nkibumba, calcium karubone, talc, umucanga wa quartz, nibindi bigomba kwirindwa.
15. Carbone umukara
Kugirango umukara wa karubone ukwirakwijwe neza, ibyuzuye bigomba kongerwa kurwego rwiza kugirango tunoze imbaraga. Carbone umukara hamwe nuduce duto duto tuzagira umubare wuzuye wuzuye. Kongera ubuso bwihariye bwumukara wa karubone no kunoza ikwirakwizwa ryumukara wa karubone mugukwirakwiza uruvange bishobora kuzamura imbaraga za reberi.
16. Carbone yera umukara
Gukoresha silika yaguye hamwe nubuso bwihariye bwubuso burashobora kunoza neza imbaraga zingana zingirakamaro.
17. Amashanyarazi
Plastiseri igomba kwirindwa niba hakenewe imbaraga nyinshi.
18. Iyo ibibyimba bya NBR bivanze, volcanisation isanzwe biragoye gutatana neza, kubwibyo, sulfure ivuwe na karubone ya magnesium izakwirakwira neza mubice bya polar nka NBR. Niba umukozi wibirunga adatatanye neza, imbaraga zingana zirashobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye.
19. Umuyoboro mwinshi wa sulfuru uhujwe no guhuza imiyoboro
Hamwe na sisitemu isanzwe ya volcanisation, umuyoboro uhuza byiganjemo imigozi ya polysulphide; hamwe na EV, urusobekerane rwiganjemo umurongo wa sulphide imwe na kabiri, iyambere bivamo imbaraga zingana.
20. Imiyoboro ihuza Ionic
Ionic ihuza ibice bifite imbaraga zingana cyane kuko ingingo zambukiranya zishobora kunyerera bityo zikagenda zidatanyaguwe.
21. Shimangira kristu
Gukomatanya ka reberi karemano na neoprene irimo kristu ihangayikishije bifasha kongera imbaraga zingana.
