I loko o ka ʻoihana pāpaʻi, ʻo ka ikaika tensile hope loa kahi waiwai mechanical. ʻO kēia ʻāpana hoʻokolohua e ana i ka ikaika hope loa o kahi hui vulcanised rubber. ʻOiai inā ʻaʻole huki ʻia kahi huahana lāʻau lapaʻau a kokoke i kona ikaika tensile hope loa, manaʻo nui nā mea hoʻohana i nā huahana lāʻau he hōʻailona koʻikoʻi o ka maikaʻi holoʻokoʻa o ka pūhui. No laila ʻo ka ikaika tensile he kikoʻī maʻamau loa, a ʻoiai ʻo ka hoʻohana hope ʻana o kahi huahana kikoʻī he mea liʻiliʻi loa ia, pono pinepine nā mea hoʻopuka e hele i waho o kā lākou ala e hālāwai ai.

1. Nā loina nui

I mea e loaʻa ai ka ikaika tensile kiʻekiʻe loa, pono e hoʻomaka kekahi me nā elastomers kahi e hiki ai ke hoʻoulu ʻia i ka crystallization, e laʻa me NR, CR, IR, HNBR.

2. ʻO ka lāʻau kūlohelohe NR

ʻOi aku ka ʻoi aku o ka ikaika o ka tensile ma mua o ka neoprene adhesives. ʻO nā māka like ʻole o ka ʻōpala maoli, ʻo ka No. Ua hōʻike ʻia, ma ka liʻiliʻi loa ma ka hihia o nā pūhui kalapona ʻeleʻele piha, No. 3 fume film hāʻawi ʻoi aku ka ikaika tensile ma mua o No. 1 fume film. No nā pūhui lāʻau lapaʻau maoli, pono e ʻalo ʻia nā mea plasticiser kemika (plastisol) e like me ka biphenyl amidothiophenol a i ʻole pentachlorothiophenol (PCTP), no ka mea e hōʻemi lākou i ka ikaika tensile o ka pūhui.

3. Chloroprene CR

ʻO Chloroprene (CR) kahi ʻōpala crystalline i hoʻopili ʻia e hāʻawi i ka ikaika tensile kiʻekiʻe i ka nele o nā mea hoʻopihapiha. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia ka ikaika tensile i kekahi manawa ma ka hoʻemi ʻana i ka nui o ka hoʻopiha. ʻO nā kaumaha molekala kiʻekiʻe o CR e hāʻawi i nā ikaika tensile kiʻekiʻe.

4. Nitrile rubber NBR

NBR me kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka acrylonitrile (ACN) hāʻawi i ka ikaika tensile kiʻekiʻe. Hāʻawi ka NBR me kahi puʻupuʻu kaumaha molecular haiki i ka ikaika tensile kiʻekiʻe.

5. Ka hopena o ke kaumaha mole

Ma ka optimization, ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā NBR me ka viscosity meniscus kiʻekiʻe a me ke kaumaha molecular kiʻekiʻe e hāʻawi i nā ikaika tensile kiʻekiʻe.

6. Carboxylated elastomers

E noʻonoʻo e hoʻololi i ka NBR uncarboxylated me ka XNBR carboxylated a me ka HNBR uncarboxylated me ka XHNBR carboxylated e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka ikaika tensile o ka hui.

Hāʻawi ʻo Carboxylated NBR me ka nui o ka zinc oxide i ka ikaika tensile kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka NBR maʻamau.

7. EPDM

ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka EPDM semi-crystalline (maʻiʻo ethylene kiʻekiʻe) hāʻawi i nā ikaika tensile kiʻekiʻe.

8. EPDM Reactive

ʻO ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka EPDM i hoʻololi ʻole ʻia me ka 2% (mass fraction) maleic anhydride i hoʻololi ʻia EPDM i hui pū me NR e hoʻonui i ka ikaika tensile o nā pūhui NR/PDM.

9. Nā Gels

Loaʻa i nā gels synthetic e like me SBR nā stabilizers. Eia nō naʻe, i ka hui ʻana i nā pūhui SBR ma nā mahana ma luna o 163°C, hiki ke hana ʻia nā gels ʻelua (hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia) a me nā gels paʻa (ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia a hiki ʻole ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i kekahi mau mea hoʻoheheʻe). ʻO nā ʻano gel ʻelua e hōʻemi i ka ikaika tensile o ka hui. No laila, pono e mālama pono ʻia ka mahana hui ʻana o SBR.

10. Hoʻomāmā

ʻO kahi ala koʻikoʻi e loaʻa ai ka ikaika tensile kiʻekiʻe, ʻo ia ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka density crosslink, pale i ka under-sulphurization, post-vulcanization a pale aku i ka blistering o ka lāʻau i ka wā vulcanization ma muli o ka lawa ʻole o ke kaomi a i ʻole ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻāpana volatile.

11. Pumi-ho'emi vulcanization

No nā huahana i vulcanised i loko o nā autoclaves, hiki ke ʻalo ʻia ke ʻano o nā blisters a me ka hopena o ka hoʻemi ʻana i ka ikaika tensile ma o ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ke kaomi a hiki i ka pau ʻana o ka vulcanization, ʻike ʻia kēia ʻo 'pressure drop vulcanisation'.

12. Vulcanization manawa a me ka mahana

ʻO nā manawa vulcanization lōʻihi i nā wela haʻahaʻa ka hopena i ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana o nā ʻupena paʻa multi-sulphur, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka sulfur crosslink density a no laila ʻoi aku ka ikaika tensile.

13. Hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ka ikaika tensile e nā ʻenehana hui ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hoʻopuehu ʻana o nā mea hoʻopihapiha hoʻopihapiha e like me ke kalapona ʻeleʻele, ʻoiai e pale ana i ka hui ʻana o nā mea haumia a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea nui i wehe ʻole ʻia.

14. Hoopiha

No nā mea hoʻopihapiha e like me ke kalapona ʻeleʻele a i ʻole silica, ke koho ʻana i kahi ʻāpana liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi me kahi ākea kikoʻī nui e hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka ikaika tensile. ʻAʻole hoʻoikaika a hoʻopiha paha i nā mea hoʻopihapiha e like me ka pālolo, calcium carbonate, talc, quartz sand, etc.

15. ʻeleʻele kalapona

I mea e hoʻopuehu maikaʻi ʻia ka ʻeleʻele kalapona, pono e hoʻonui ʻia kona hoʻopiha ʻana i ka pae kiʻekiʻe e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka ikaika tensile. ʻO ka ʻeleʻele kalapona me ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi e loaʻa ka nui o ka hoʻopiha piha haʻahaʻa. ʻO ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka ʻāpana kikoʻī o ka ʻeleʻele kalapona a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka hoʻopuehu ʻana o ke kalapona ʻeleʻele ma o ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka pōʻai hui ʻana hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka ikaika tensile o ka lāʻau.

16. ʻeleʻele kalapona keʻokeʻo

ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka silica precipitated me kahi ʻāpana kikoʻī kikoʻī kiʻekiʻe hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi i ka ikaika tensile o ka pūhui.

17. ʻO nā mea palaki

Pono e pale ʻia nā plasticisers inā makemake ʻia ka ikaika tensile kiʻekiʻe.

18. I ka vulcanising NBR pūhui, conventional vulcanization ua oi aku ka paʻakikī e hoʻopuehu like, no laila, sulfur i mālama ʻia me ka magnesium carbonate e ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi i loko o nā pūhui polar e like me NBR. Inā ʻaʻole i hoʻopuehu maikaʻi ʻia ka mea vulcanising, hiki ke hoʻopilikia nui ʻia ka ikaika tensile.

19. ʻO ka pūnaewele hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka nui-sulfur

Me nā ʻōnaehana vulcanisation maʻamau, ua hoʻomalu ʻia ka pūnaewele crosslinking e nā paʻa polysulphide; me EV, ua hoʻomalu ʻia ka ʻupena crosslinking e nā mea paʻa sulphide hoʻokahi a me pālua, ʻo ka mea mua ka hopena i ka ikaika tensile kiʻekiʻe.

20. Ionic crosslinking networks

ʻOi aku ka ikaika o ka uʻi ʻana o nā pūhui Ionic cross-linked no ka mea hiki ke paheʻe nā wahi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia a no laila neʻe me ka ʻole o ka haehae ʻia.

21. Ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ke koʻikoʻi

ʻO ka hui pū ʻana o ka lāʻau kūlohelohe a me ka neoprene i loaʻa nā kristal koʻikoʻi i loko o ka mea hoʻopili e kōkua i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka ikaika tensile.