Rɔba a ɛyɛ adwuma a wɔsan frɛ no vulcanizing active agent. Ade a ɛnyɛ nkwaboaa anaasɛ abɔde mu nneɛma a wɔde ma vulcanization accelerator yɛ adwuma. Ebetumi ama accelerator no tumi ayɛ kɛse, atew accelerator dodow so, na ama bere a wɔde yɛ vulcanization no ayɛ tiaa. Nneɛma a wɔde ka ho a ɛnyɛ abɔdeɛ mu dodoɔ no ara yɛ dadeɛ oxides, hydroxides ne basic carbonates, te sɛ zinc oxide, lead oxide, calcium hydroxide, lead carbonate, ne nea ɛkeka ho, adeɛ a ɛho hia paa wɔ organic additives mu ne fatty acids, ɛdi akyire ne amines, samina, ne nea ɛkeka ho Te sɛ stearic acid, dibutyloleic acid amine, zinc stearate, ne nea ɛkeka ho 5% wɔ rɔba mu duru mu.

Rɔba a Wɔde Ka Ho: Nneɛma a Ɛkɔ Akyiri, Mfaso, ne Nea Wɔde Di Dwuma

1. Zinc Oxide (ZnO) a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu.

Agyapadeɛ:

• Powder fitaa a hua nnim a ɛwɔ tumi pɔtee a ɛtwe ade ba fam kɛse (5.6 g/cm3).

• Nsu a ɛyɛ hyew: 1,975°C; a ɛyɛ mmerɛw sɛ ɛbɛbɔ: 2.008–2.029.

• Reactivity a ɛkorɔn sɛ vulcanization activator.

• UV-asiw ne tumi a ɛko tia mmoawa.

Mfaso a ɛwɔ so:

• Ɛma sulfur vulcanization yɛ ntɛmntɛm (ɛtew bere a wɔde sa yare so 20–30%).

• Ɛma mfiridwuma mu nneɛma tu mpɔn (ahoɔden a ɛtwetwe +15–25%, elongation wɔ break +10–15%).

• FDA apene so sɛ wɔmfa nni dwuma wɔ aduan ho (21 CFR 172.480).

• Ɛnyɛ nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia (ɛnyɛ awuduru, wotumi san de di dwuma bio).

Nneɛma a wɔde di dwuma:

• Tae: Tae afunu a wɔde dade abɔ mu a ɛyɛ radial (ɛma rɔba ne dade a ɛbata ho no yɛ kɛse).

• Mpaboa: Nneɛma a ɛwɔ akyi (ɛma abrasion a ɛko tia no tu mpɔn, ASTM D5963: 50–80 mm3 a ɛyera).

• Aduruyɛ: Oprehyɛn nsateaa (ahobanbɔ a ɛko tia mmoawa, ASTM E2149).

• Nnua a wɔde nkata so: Rɔba-to-metal bonding (ɛma peel ahoɔden kɔ soro 30–40%).

2. Phenolic Resin a Wɔde Yɛ Nneɛma

Agyapadeɛ:

• Thermosetting polymer a ɛwɔ crosslink density a ɛkorɔn.

• Ɔhyew a ɛko tia: Wɔkɔ so de di dwuma kosi 180°C (250°C bere ne bere mu).

• Rigidity a ɛkorɔn (modulus: 2–4 GPa) ne dimensional stability.

• Nnuru a ɛko tia acid, bases, ne solvents.

Mfaso a ɛwɔ so:

• Ɛma nhyehyɛe mu ahoɔden (ɛma denden kɔ soro 10–20 Shore A).

• Ogya a ɛmma ogya ntumi nhyew (UL94 V-0 rating a wɔmfa halogen nka ho).

• Sɛ wɔde toto thermoplastics titiriw ho a, ɛho ka sua.

• Nneɛma a wɔde sa yare a wotumi sesa (acid-catalyzed anaa ɔhyew-activated).

Nneɛma a wɔde di dwuma:

• Tae: Sidewall compounds (ɛma sɛnea ɛko tia twa no tu mpɔn, ASTM D624).

• Industrial Belts: Conveyor belts a wɔde yɛ mmeae a ɛhɔ yɛ hyew kɛse (sɛ nhwɛso no, semɛnte adwumayɛbea ahorow).

• Nneɛma a Wɔde Yɛ Friction: Breki pads (ɛkura friction coefficient mu wɔ 0.35–0.45 wɔ 200°C ase).

• Foundry: Core sand binders (ɛtew mframa a ɛba bere a wɔtow gu no so).