Rɔba a ɛyɛ adwuma a wɔsan frɛ no vulcanizing active agent. Ade a ɛnyɛ nkwaboaa anaasɛ nea ɛwɔ nkwa mu a wɔde yɛ vulcanization accelerator a ɛyɛ adwuma. Ebetumi ama accelerator no tumi ayɛ kɛse, atew accelerator dodow so, na ama vulcanization bere no ayɛ tiaa. Nneɛma a ɛnyɛ nkwaboaa a wɔde ka ho no mu dodow no ara yɛ dade oxides, hydroxides ne basic carbonates, te sɛ zinc oxide, lead oxide, calcium hydroxide, lead carbonate, ne nea ɛkeka ho, ade a ɛho hia sen biara wɔ organic additives mu ne fatty acids, akyi amines, akyi, soap, soaps, ne nea ɛkeka ho General dolole dolole acid amine amine amine amine amine amine amine amine amine amine amine amine amine rɔba mu duru.

Rɔba a wɔde ka ho: nneɛma a ɛkɔ akyiri, mfaso horow, ne nneɛma a wɔde di dwuma .

1. Zinc oxide (ZNO) .

Agyapadeɛ:

• Powder fitaa a ɛnyɛ huam a ɛwɔ tumi a ɛtwe ade ba fam pɔtee (5.6 g/cm3).

• Nneɛma a ɛwɔ hɔ: 1,975°C; Refractive index: 2.008–2.029.

• Reactivity a ɛkorɔn sɛ vulcanization activator.

• UV-blocking ne nnuru a ekum mmoawa.

Mfaso a ɛwɔ so:

• AKWANKYERƐ AKWANTUO A ƐYƐ SULFUR Vulcanization (ɛtew bere a wɔde sa yare no so 20–30%).

• Ɛma mfiridwuma mu su tu mpɔn (ahoɔden a ɛyɛ den +15–25%, elongation wɔ break +10–15%).

• FDA-apene so sɛ wɔmfa nni dwuma wɔ aduan mu (21 CFR 172.480).

• Nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia ho asɛm (ɛnyɛ awuduru, wotumi de yɛ nneɛma foforo).

Nneɛma a wɔde di dwuma:

• Tae: radial tae afunu a wɔde dade ayɛ (ɛma abata rɔba ne dade ntam).

• Mpaboa: outsole compounds (ɛma abrasion resistance tu mpɔn, ASTM D5963: 50–80 mm3 a ɛyera).

• Aduruyɛ: Oprehyɛn nsateaa (ahobammɔ a ekum mmoawa, ASTM E2149).

• Nneɛma a wɔde nkata so: Rɔba-kɔ-dadeɛ a wɔde kyekyere nneɛma ho (ɛma peel ahoɔden kɔ soro 30–40%).

2. Phenolic resin .

Agyapadeɛ:

• Thermosetting polymer a ɛwɔ crosslink density a ɛkorɔn.

• Ɔhyew a ɛko tia: wɔde di dwuma bere nyinaa kosi 180°C (intermittent 250°C).

• Rigidity a ɛkorɔn (modulus: 2–4 gpa) ne dimensional stability.

• Nnuru a ɛko tia acid, base, ne nnuru a wɔde yɛ nneɛma.

Mfaso a ɛwɔ so:

• Ɛma structure reinforcement (ɛma den kɔ soro 10–20 Shore A).

• Ogya a ɛrehyew (UL94 V-0 rating a enni halogen a wɔde ka ho).

• Sɛ wɔde toto specialty thermoplastics ho a, ɛho ka sua.

• Curing nhyehyɛe ahorow a wotumi sesa (acid-catalyzed anaasɛ ɔhyew-a ɛyɛ adwuma).

Nneɛma a wɔde di dwuma:

• Tae: Sidewall compounds (ɛma cut resistance tu mpɔn, ASTM D624).

• Industrial Belts: Conveyor belt a wɔde yɛ mmeae a ɛhɔ yɛ hyew kɛse (sɛ nhwɛso no, semɛnte afifide).

• Friction nneɛma: breki pads (hwɛ coefficient of friction wɔ 0.35–0.45 ase 200°C).

• Foundry: Core sand binders (ɛtew gas adannandi so bere a wɔretotow no).