M'makampani opanga mphira, kulimba mtima komaliza ndi chinthu chofunikira pamakina. Gawo loyeserali limayesa mphamvu yomaliza ya mphira wavulcanised. Ngakhale mankhwala a labala atakhala kuti sakokedwa pafupi ndi mphamvu yake yokhazikika, ambiri omwe amagwiritsa ntchito labala amawonabe kuti ndi chizindikiro chofunika kwambiri cha khalidwe lonse la mphira. Chifukwa chake kulimba kwamphamvu ndikodziwika bwino kwambiri, ndipo ngakhale kutha kwa chinthu china chake sikukhudzana ndi izi, opanga ma formula nthawi zambiri amayenera kuchitapo kanthu kuti akwaniritse.
1. Mfundo zazikuluzikulu
Kuti munthu azitha kulimba kwambiri, nthawi zambiri amayenera kuyamba ndi ma elastomer pomwe makristali opangidwa ndi zovuta amatha kuchitika, mwachitsanzo, NR, CR, IR, HNBR.
2. Mpira wachilengedwe wa NR
Zomatira zochokera ku mphira wachilengedwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala zolimba kwambiri kuposa zomatira za neoprene. Pamagulu osiyanasiyana a mphira wachilengedwe, filimu ya fume No. 1 ili ndi mphamvu zolimba kwambiri. Zakhala zikudziwika kuti, makamaka pamtundu wa carbon black wodzazidwa ndi mankhwala, No. Pazinthu zachilengedwe za mphira, mapulasitiki opangira mankhwala (plastisol) monga biphenyl amidothiophenol kapena pentachlorothiophenol (PCTP) amayenera kupewedwa, chifukwa amachepetsa mphamvu yamagetsi.
3. Chloroprene CR
Chloroprene (CR) ndi mphira wa crystalline wopangidwa ndi zovuta womwe umapereka mphamvu zolimba kwambiri pakalibe zodzaza. M'malo mwake, kulimba kwamphamvu nthawi zina kumatha kukulitsidwa ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa zodzaza. Mamolekyu apamwamba a CR amapereka mphamvu zolimba kwambiri.
4. Nitrile rabara NBR
NBR yokhala ndi kuchuluka kwa acrylonitrile (ACN) imapereka mphamvu yochulukirapo. NBR yokhala ndi kulemera kocheperako kwa mamolekyulu kumapereka mphamvu yolimba kwambiri.
5. Mphamvu ya kulemera kwa maselo
Mwa kukhathamiritsa, kugwiritsa ntchito ma NBR okhala ndi meniscus viscosity yayikulu komanso kulemera kwakukulu kwa maselo kumapereka mphamvu zolimba.
6. Carboxylated elastomers
Ganizirani zosintha NBR yopanda carboxylated ndi XNBR ya carboxylated ndi HNBR yopanda carboxylated ndi XHNBR ya carboxylated kuti muwongolere kulimba kwapawiri.
Carboxylated NBR yokhala ndi kuchuluka koyenera kwa zinc oxide imapereka mphamvu yamakomedwe apamwamba kuposa NBR wamba.
7. EPDM
Kugwiritsa ntchito semi-crystalline EPDM (high ethylene content) kumapereka mphamvu zowonjezereka.
8. EPDM yokhazikika
Kusintha EPDM yosasinthika ndi 2% (gawo lalikulu) maleic anhydride yosinthidwa EPDM muzophatikizana ndi NR kumawonjezera mphamvu yamphamvu ya mankhwala a NR / EPDM.
9. Gels
Ma gels opangidwa monga SBR nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zolimbitsa thupi. Komabe, posakaniza mankhwala a SBR pa kutentha pamwamba pa 163 ° C, ma gels otayirira (omwe amatha kusakanikirana) ndi ma gel olimba (omwe sangathe kusakanikirana ndi osasungunuka muzitsulo zina) akhoza kupangidwa. Mitundu yonse iwiri ya gelsi imachepetsa mphamvu yamagetsi yamagulu. Choncho, kutentha kusakaniza kwa SBR kuyenera kuchitidwa mosamala.
10. Vulcanization
Njira yofunikira yopezera mphamvu zolimba kwambiri ndikukulitsa kachulukidwe ka ma crosslink, kupewa sulphurisation, post-vulcanisation komanso kupewa kuphulika kwa mphira panthawi yavulcanisation chifukwa cha kupanikizika kosakwanira kapena kugwiritsa ntchito zida zosakhazikika.
11. Pressure-drop vulcanisation
Pazinthu zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi ma autoclaves, mapangidwe a matuza ndi kuchepetsedwa kwa mphamvu zowonongeka zingathe kupewedwa mwa kuchepetsa pang'onopang'ono kupanikizika mpaka kumapeto kwa vulcanisation, izi zimadziwika kuti 'pressure drop vulcanisation'.
12. Vulcanization nthawi ndi kutentha
Kuchuluka kwa vulcanization pa kutentha kocheperako kumapangitsa kupanga ma multi-sulphur bond network, kuchulukirachulukira kwa sulfure crosslink ndipo motero kulimba kwamphamvu kwambiri.
13. Mphamvu zolimba zimatha kukonzedwa bwino ndi njira zophatikizira bwino kuti zithandizire kufalikira kwa zowonjezera zowonjezera monga kaboni wakuda, ndikupewa kusakanikirana kwa zonyansa kapena zigawo zazikulu zosabalalika.
14. Zodzaza
Kwa zodzaza ngati kaboni wakuda kapena silika, kusankha kachulukidwe kakang'ono kagawo kakang'ono komwe kamakhala ndi malo owoneka bwino kumatha kukhala kothandiza kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu zamanjenje. Zosalimbitsa kapena zodzaza monga dongo, calcium carbonate, talc, mchenga wa quartz, ndi zina zotere ziyenera kupewedwa.
15. Mpweya wakuda
Kuonetsetsa kuti kaboni wakuda wamwazikana bwino, kudzazidwa kwake kuyenera kukulitsidwa mpaka pamlingo wokwanira kuti kukhale kolimba. Mpweya wakuda wakuda wokhala ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono umakhala ndi kuchuluka kokwanira kokwanira. Kuchulukitsa malo enieni a kaboni wakuda ndikuwongolera kufalikira kwa kaboni wakuda pokulitsa kusakanikirana kungathe kupititsa patsogolo kulimba kwa mphira.
16. White carbon black
Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa silika wopangidwa ndi mpweya wokhala ndi malo apamwamba kwambiri kungathe kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu zowonongeka za pawiri.
17. Pulasitiki
Zopangira pulasitiki ziyenera kupewedwa ngati mukufuna mphamvu zolimba kwambiri.
18. Pamene vulcanising NBR mankhwala, ochiritsira vulcanisation ndi kovuta kumwazikana wogawana, Choncho, sulfure opangidwa ndi magnesium carbonate adzabalalitsa bwino mu polar mankhwala monga NBR. Ngati wothandizila vulcanising sanabalalika bwino, kulimba kwamphamvu kumatha kukhudzidwa kwambiri.
19. Multi-sulphur bonded crosslinking network
Ndi machitidwe ochiritsira avulcanisation, maukonde ophatikizika amayendetsedwa ndi zomangira za polysulphide; ndi EV, maukonde ophatikizika amayendetsedwa ndi zomangira zamtundu umodzi komanso ziwiri za sulfide, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mphamvu yolimba kwambiri.
20. Ma Ionic crosslinking network
Ma Ionic omwe amalumikizana ndi mtanda amakhala ndi mphamvu zolimba kwambiri chifukwa mfundo zolumikizidwa zimatha kutsetsereka motero zimasuntha osang'ambika.
21. Stress crystallization
Kuphatikizika kwa mphira wachilengedwe ndi neoprene wokhala ndi makhiristo opsinjika muzomatira kumathandizira kukulitsa mphamvu zolimba.
