Eka bindzu ra rhaba, matimba yo hetelela ya tensile i nhundzu ya xisekelo ya michini. Parameter leyi ya xikambelo yi pima matimba yo hetelela ya nkatsakanyo wa rhaba lowu nga na vulcanised. Hambiloko xitirhisiwa xa rhaba xi nga si tshama xi kokiwa ekusuhi ni matimba ya xona yo hetelela ya ku tsana, vatirhisi vo tala va swilo swa rhaba swa ha swi teka tanihi xikombiso xa nkoka xa khwalithi hinkwayo ya nkatsakanyo. Matimba ya tensile hikokwalaho i nhlamuselo yo angarhela swinene, naswona hambi leswi ku tirhisiwa ko hetelela ka xitirhisiwa xokarhi swinga fambelaniki na swona, vaendli va ti formula vatala kuhuma eka ndlela ya vona kuva va hlangana na xona.
1. Misinya ya milawu yo angarhela .
Ku endlela ku kuma matimba yale henhla ya tensile, munhu hi ntolovelo ufanele kusungula hi ti elastomers laha kunga humelela strain-induced crystallisation, xikombiso NR, CR, IR, HNBR.
2. NR ya rhaba ya ntumbuluko .
Swinamarheti leswi simekiweke eka rhaba ya ntumbuluko hi ntolovelo swina matimba yale henhla ya tensile kutlula swinamarheti swa neoprene. Eka tigiredi to hambana-hambana ta rhaba ya ntumbuluko, No. Ku vikiwile leswaku, kwalomu ka eka ti compounds leti tatiweke hi carbon black, No. 3 Fume Film yi nyika matimba yo antswa ya tensile ku tlula No. 1 Fume Film. Eka swihlanganisi swa rhaba ya ntumbuluko, ti khemikhali ta ti plasticisers (plastil) tofana na biphenyl amidothiophenol kumbe pentachlorothiophenol (PCTP) tifanele ku papalatiwa, tani hileswi ti hungutaka matimba ya tensile ya compound.
3. Chloroprene CR .
Chloroprene (CR) i rhaba ya crystalline leyi hlohleteriwaka hi strain leyi nyikaka matimba yale henhla ya tensile eka ku pfumaleka ka ti fillers. Entiyisweni, matimba ya tensile minkarhi yin’wana yanga engeteriwa hiku hunguta nhlayo ya filler. Ti molecular weights tale henhla ta CR tinyika matimba yale henhla ya tensile.
4. NBR ya rhaba ya nitrile .
NBR leyingana nhlayo yale henhla ya acrylonitrile (ACN) yinyika matimba yale henhla ya tensile. NBR leyinga na ku hangalaka ka ntiko wa molecule natsongo yinyika matimba yale henhla ya tensile.
5. Nkucetelo wa ntiko wa molekhuli .
Hiku optimisation, kutirhisiwa ka ti NBRs letingana meniscus viscosity yale henhla xikan’we na ntiko wale henhla wa molecule swinyika matimba yale henhla ya tensile.
6. Ti-elastomer leti nga ni khabokisi .
Anakanya hi ku cinca NBR leyi nga riki na khabokisi hi carboxylated XNBR na HNBR leyi nga riki na khabokisi leyi nga ni khabokisi hi XHNBR leyi nga ni khabokisi ku antswisa matimba ya ku tsana ka nkatsakanyo.
Carboxylated NBR leyingana nhlayo leyi faneleke ya zinc oxide yinyika matimba yale henhla ya tensile kutlula NBR ya ntolovelo.
7. EPDM .
Ku tirhisiwa ka semi-crystalline EPDM (high ethylene content) swinyika matimba yale henhla ya tensile.
8. EPDM leyi hlamulaka .
Ku cinca EPDM leyi nga cinciwangiki hi 2% (mass fraction) Maleic anhydride modified EPDM eka swihlanganisi na NR swi engetela matimba ya ku tsana ka swihlanganisi swa NR/EPDM.
9. Tigels .
Ti gels ta synthetic tofana na SBR hi xitalo tina ti stabilisers. Kambe, loko ku hlanganisiwa ti SBR compounds eka mahiselo yale henhla ka 163°C, ti gels leti ntshunxekeke (letinga hlanganisiwaka) na ti gels leti tiyisiweke (leti nga hlanganisiwiki ekule naswona tinga khuluki eka ti solvents tokarhi) tinga humelerisiwa. Tinxaka leti hatimbirhi ta gel ti hunguta matimba ya tensile ya compound. Hikokwalaho, mahiselo yo hlanganisa ya SBR yafanele ku tshunguriwa hi vukheta.
10. Vulcanisation .
Ndlela ya nkoka yaku kuma matimba yale henhla ya tensile iku optimize crosslink density, ku papalata under-sulphurisation, post-vulcanisation naku papalata ku pfimba ka rhaba hinkarhi wa vulcanisation hikokwalaho ka ntshikelelo lowunga ringanelangiki kumbe kutirhisiwa ka swiphemu leswi pfurhaka.
11. Vulcanisation ya ntshikelelo-wa-drop .
Eka switirhisiwa leswi vulcanised eka ti autoclaves, ku endliwa ka swirhumbana xikan’we naku hunguteka loku vangiwaka hi matimba ya tensile swinga papalatiwa hiku hunguta ntshikelelo hakatsongotsongo kufikela emakumu ka vulcanisation, leswi switiveka tani hi ‘pressure drop vulcanisation’.
12. Nkarhi wa vulcanisation na mahiselo .
Minkarhi yo leha ya vulcanisation eka mahiselo yale hansi swiendla leswaku kuva na ti multi-sulphur bond networks, sulphur crosslink density yale henhla naswona hiku landzelelana matimba yale henhla ya tensile.
13. Matimba ya ku tsana ya nga antswisiwa hi tindlela to antswa to hlanganisa ku antswisa ku hangalaka ka swilo swo tatisa leswi tiyisisaka swo fana na khaboni ya ntima, loko ku ri karhi ku papalatiwa ku hlanganisiwa ka thyaka kumbe swiphemu leswikulu leswi nga hangalasiwangiki.
14. Swilo swo tata .
Eka ti fillers tofana na carbon black kumbe silica, ku hlawuriwa ka vukulu bya ti particle letintsongo letingana ndzhawu leyikulu yokarhi yale henhla swinga tirha kahle eka ku antswisa matimba ya tensile. Ti fillers letinga tiyisisiki kumbe leti tatiwaka tofana na vumba, calcium carbonate, talc, quartz sand, na swin’wana swifanele ku papalatiwa.
15. Khaboni ya ntima .
Ku tiyisisa leswaku carbon black yi hangalakile kahle, ku tatiwa ka yona kufanele ku engeteriwa kuya eka xiyimo xa kahle swinene kuva yi antswisa matimba ya tensile. Carbon black leyingana vukulu bya ti particle letintsongo yitava na nhlayo yale hansi ya optimum filling. Ku engetela ndzhawu yokarhi yale henhla ya carbon black xikan’we naku antswisa ku hangalaka ka carbon black hiku engetela xirhendzevutani xaku hlanganisa swinga antswisa matimba ya tensile ya rhaba.
16. Khaboni yo basa ya ntima .
Ku tirhisiwa ka precipitated silica leyingana ndzhawu yale henhla ya le henhla ya le henhla swinga antswisa kahle matimba ya tensile ya compound.
17. Va-Plasticisers .
Ti plasticisers tifanele ku papalatiwa loko ku laveka matimba yale henhla ya tensile.
2 Loko xiaki xa vulcanising xinga hangalakanga kahle, matimba ya tensile yanga khumbeka swinene.
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Hi tisisiteme ta ntolovelo ta vulcanisation, netiweke ya crosslinking yi lawuriwa hi ti polysulphide bonds; Hi EV, network ya crosslinking yi lawuriwa hi single na double sulphide bonds, ya khale yi endla leswaku kuva na matimba yale henhla ya tensile.
20. Tinetiweki ta ionic crosslinking .
Ti compounds leti hlanganisiweke ta ionic tina matimba yale henhla ya tensile hikuva tindzhawu letinga cross-linked tinga rhetela naswona hikokwalaho ti famba handle ko handzuriwa.
21. Ku crystallisation ya ntshikilelo .
Ku hlanganisiwa ka rhaba ya ntumbuluko na neoprene leyi nga na ti crystals ta stress eka xinamarheti swita pfuneta ku engetela matimba ya tensile.
