Eka bindzu ra rhaba, matimba yo hetelela ya tensile i nchumu wa xisekelo wa michini. Parameter leyi ya experimental yi pima matimba yohetelela ya vulcanised rubber compound. Hambi loko xitirhisiwa xa rhaba xinga tshuki xi kokiwa ekusuhi na matimba ya xona yohetelela ya tensile, vatirhisi votala va switirhisiwa swa rhaba va ha xi teka tani hi xikombiso xa nkoka xa khwalithi hinkwayo ya nkatsakanyo. Tensile strength hikokwalaho i specification yo angarhela swinene, naswona hambi leswi ku tirhisiwa ka makumu ka xitirhisiwa xokarhi swinga fambelaniki ngopfu na swona, va formulators vatala kuva vafanele ku huma endleleni ya vona kuva va fikelela.

1. Misinya ya milawu leyi tolovelekeke

Leswaku munhu a kuma matimba yale henhla swinene ya tensile, hi ntolovelo munhu ufanele kusungula hi ti elastomers laha strain-induced crystallisation yinga humelelaka, xikombiso NR, CR, IR, HNBR.

2. Raba ya ntumbuluko NR

Swinamarheti leswi sekeriweke eka rhaba ya ntumbuluko hi ntolovelo swina matimba yale henhla yo koka kutlula swinamarheti swa neoprene. Eka tigiredi to hambana-hambana ta rhaba ya ntumbuluko, filimi ya No. 1 ya musi yi ni matimba lamakulu swinene yo koka. Ku vikiwile leswaku, kwalomu ka eka swihlanganisi leswi tatiweke hi khaboni ya ntima, filimi ya musi ya No. 3 yi nyika matimba yo antswa yo koka ku tlula filimi ya musi ya Nomboro 1. Eka ti compounds ta ntumbuluko ta rhaba, ti khemikhali ta plasticisers (plastisol) tofana na biphenyl amidothiophenol kumbe pentachlorothiophenol (PCTP) tifanele ku papalatiwa, tani hileswi ti hungutaka matimba ya tensile ya compound.

3. Kloroprene ya CR

Chloroprene (CR) i rhaba ya crystalline leyi hlohloteriwaka hi strain leyi nyikaka matimba yale henhla ya tensile loko kungari na ti fillers. Entiyisweni, matimba ya tensile minkarhi yin’wana yanga engeteriwa hiku hunguta nhlayo ya filler. Ti molecular weights tale henhla ta CR tinyika matimba yale henhla ya tensile.

4. Raba ya nitrile NBR

NBR leyingana nhlayo yale henhla ya acrylonitrile (ACN) yinyika matimba yale henhla ya tensile. NBR leyingana ku hangalasiwa ka molecular weight leyintsongo yinyika matimba yale henhla ya tensile.

5. Nkucetelo wa ntiko wa timolekhuli

Hiku antswisiwa, kutirhisiwa ka ti NBRs letingana meniscus viscosity yale henhla xikan’we na molecular weight yale henhla swinyika matimba yale henhla ya tensile.

6. Ti- elastomer leti nga ni khabokisi

Anakanya hi ku cinca NBR leyi nga carboxylated hi XNBR leyi nga carboxylated na HNBR leyi nga carboxylated hi XHNBR leyi nga carboxylated ku antswisa matimba ya tensile ya compound.

Carboxylated NBR leyingana nhlayo leyi ringaneleke ya zinc oxide yinyika matimba yale henhla ya tensile kutlula NBR ya ntolovelo.

7. EPDM

Ku tirhisiwa ka semi-crystalline EPDM (nchumu wa le henhla wa ethylene) swinyika matimba yale henhla ya tensile.

8. EPDM leyi hlamulaka

Ku cinca EPDM leyi nga cinciwangiki hi 2% (mass fraction) maleic anhydride modified EPDM eka swihlanganisi na NR swi engetela matimba ya tensile ya ti compounds ta NR/EPDM.

9. Ti-gel

Ti gels ta synthetic tofana na SBR hi xitalo tina ti stabilisers. Hambiswiritano, loko ku hlanganisiwa ti SBR compounds eka mahiselo yale henhla ka 163°C, havumbirhi bya ti loose gels (leti nga hlanganisiwaka ekule) na ti tight gels (leti nga hlanganisiwangiki naswona tinga khulukiki eka ti solvents tokarhi) tinga endliwa. Tinxaka leti hatimbirhi ta gel ti hunguta matimba ya tensile ya compound. Hikokwalaho, mahiselo yo hlanganisa ya SBR yafanele ku khomiwa hi vukheta.

10. Ku endliwa ka vulcan

Ndlela ya nkoka yaku kuma matimba yale henhla ya tensile iku antswisa crosslink density, papalata under-sulphurisation, post-vulcanisation xikan’we naku papalata blistering ya rhaba hinkarhi wa vulcanisation hikokwalaho ka ntshikelelo lowunga ringanelangiki kumbe kutirhisiwa ka swiphemu leswinga khulukaka.

11. Ku endliwa ka vulcanisation hi ku hunguteka ka ntshikelelo

Eka swihumelerisiwa leswi vulcanized eka ti autoclaves, ku endliwa ka swirhumbana xikan’we naku hunguteka loku vangiwaka hi matimba ya tensile swinga papalatiwa hiku hunguta ntshikelelo hakatsongotsongo kufikela emakumu ka vulcanisation, leswi switiveka tani hi ‘pressure drop vulcanisation’.

12. Nkarhi wa vulcanisation na mahiselo

Minkarhi yo leha ya vulcanisation eka mahiselo yale hansi yi endla leswaku kuva na ku endliwa ka ti multi-sulphur bond networks, sulphur crosslink density yale henhla naswona hikokwalaho ka sweswo kuva na matimba yale henhla ya tensile.

13. Matimba ya tensile yanga antswisiwa hi tindlela to antswa to hlanganisa ku antswisa ku hangalaka ka ti reinforcing fillers tofana na carbon black, loko ku ri karhi ku papalatiwa ku hlanganisiwa ka thyaka kumbe swiphemu leswikulu leswinga hangalasiwa.

14. Swilo swo tata

Eka ti fillers tofana na carbon black kumbe silica, ku hlawuriwa ka sayizi ya particle leyintsongo leyingana ndzhawu leyikulu yokarhi yale henhla swinga tirha kahle eka ku antswisa matimba ya tensile. Switatisi leswinga tiyisi kumbe ku tata swofana na vumba, calcium carbonate, talc, quartz sand, na swin’wana swifanele ku papalatiwa.

15. Khaboni ya ntima

Ku tiyisisa leswaku carbon black yi hangalakile kahle, ku tatiwa ka yona kufanele ku engeteriwa kuya eka levele leyinene kuva ku antswisiwa matimba ya tensile. Carbon black leyingana vukulu bya particle leyintsongo yitava na nhlayo yale hansi ya optimum filling. Ku engetela ndzhawu yokarhi yale henhla ya carbon black xikan’we naku antswisa ku hangalaka ka carbon black hiku engetela xirhendzevutani xo hlanganisa swinga antswisa matimba ya tensile ya rhaba.

16. Khaboni yo basa ya ntima

Ku tirhisiwa ka silica leyi khulukaka leyingana ndzhawu yale henhla yokarhi yale henhla swinga antswisa kahle matimba ya tensile ya compound.

17. Switirhisiwa swo endla tipulasitiki

Ti plasticisers tifanele ku papalatiwa loko ku laveka matimba yale henhla ya tensile.

18. Loko ku endliwa vulcanising ya ti compounds ta NBR, vulcanisation ya ntolovelo ya tika swinene ku hangalasiwa hiku ringana, hikokwalaho, sulphur leyi tshunguriweke hi magnesium carbonate yita hangalaka ku antswa eka ti polar compounds tofana na NBR. Loko vulcanising agent yinga hangalakanga kahle, matimba ya tensile yanga khumbeka swinene.

19. Netiweke ya crosslinking leyi hlanganisiweke na tisulphur to tala

Hi maendlelo ya ntolovelo ya vulcanisation, network ya crosslinking yi lawuriwa hi ti polysulphide bonds; hi EV, crosslinking network yi lawuriwa hi single na double sulphide bonds, ya khale yi endla leswaku kuva na matimba yale henhla ya tensile.

20. Tinetwork ta ku hlanganisa ka ion

Ti ionic cross-linked compounds tina matimba yale henhla ya tensile hikuva tindzhawu leti cross-linked tinga rhetela naswona hikokwalaho ti famba handle ko handzuka.

21. Ku endliwa ka kristala ya ntshikelelo

Ku hlanganisiwa ka rhaba ya ntumbuluko na neoprene leyingana ti stress crystals eka adhesive swita pfuneta ku engetela matimba ya tensile.