Embonini yerabha, amandla okugcina ashubile kuyindawo eyisisekelo yemishini. Le pharamitha yokuhlola ilinganisa amandla okugcina we-polcanani enjoloba. Noma umkhiqizo werabha awukaze udonswe eduze namandla ayo wokugcina, abasebenzisi abaningi bemikhiqizo yenjoloba basakubheka njengenkomba ebalulekile yekhwalithi ephelele yekhwalithi. Ngakho-ke amandla ashubile acaciswe ngokwejwayelekile, futhi yize ukusetshenziswa komkhiqizo othile kuncane okuhlobene nakho, amakhemikhali ngokuvamile kufanele aphume endleleni yawo yokuhlangana nayo.

1. Izimiso ezijwayelekile

Ukuze uthole amandla aphezulu aphezulu kakhulu, umuntu kufanele ajwayele ukuqala ngama-lastomers lapho kuqubuka khona ama-crystallisation angenzelwa khona, isib. NR, CR, IR, HNBR.

2. I-rubber yemvelo nr

Adhesives asuselwe kwirabha yemvelo ngokuvamile anamandla aphezulu aphezulu kunama-neoprene adhesives. Kumabanga ahlukahlukene werabha lemvelo, i-1 fume fil fil inamandla aphezulu kakhulu. Kubikwe ukuthi, okungenani endabeni ye-Carbon Black Compounds egcwele, i-3 fume fil fil inika amandla angcono kakhulu kune-1 fiu file ifilimu. Amakhompiyutha enjoloba zemvelo, ama-plasicisis anemibala (i-plastisol) efana ne-biphenyl amidothIopheophenol noma i-pentachlorothiophentol (PCPP) kufanele agwenywe, njengoba benciphisa amandla ashubile enziwe.

3. Chloroprene Cr

I-Chloroprene (CR) iyinjoloba ye-crystalline edonsa kanzima enikeza amandla aphezulu ashubile lapho kungekho ama-filler. Eqinisweni, amandla ashubile kwesinye isikhathi angenyuka ngokunciphisa inani le-filler. Izinsimbi eziphakeme ze-molecular ze-cr zinikeza amandla aphezulu aphezulu.

4. I-Nitrile Rubber NBR

I-NBR enokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-acrylonitrile (ACN) inika amandla aphezulu aphezulu. I-NBR ngokusatshalaliswa kwesisindo okuncane kwama-molecular kunikeza amandla aphezulu aphezulu.

I-5. Ithonya lesisindo se-molecular

Ngokusebenzisa kahle, ukusetshenziswa kwama-nbr anokuqonda okuphezulu kwamamenyu kanye nesisindo esiphakeme samangqamuzana kunikeza amandla aphezulu aphezulu.

I-6.

Cabanga ukufaka esikhundleni kwe-NBR ye-UNCARBED nge-XNBBYLENED XBBR ne-Charboxyled HNBRIED nge-XHBBRBR ye-XHNBR yokuthuthukisa amandla ashubile e-Compound.

I-NBR ye-Carboxyled ngenani elifanele le-zinc oxide linikeza amandla aphezulu aphezulu kune-NBR ejwayelekile.

7. Epdm

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-semi-crystalline EPDM (okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-ethylene) kunikeza amandla aphezulu aphezulu.

8. I-EPDM esebenzayo

Ukubuyisela i-EPDM engekho emthethweni nge-2% (i-Mass Fraction) I-Anhydride Anhydride eguquliwe ye-ERDM ngama-NR akhuphula amandla ashukumisayo we-NR / EPDM Compounds.

9. Amagugu

Amagugu okwenziwa afana ne-SBR ngokuvamile aqukethe ukuqina. Kodwa-ke, lapho kuxuba ama-SBR Compounds emazingeni okushisa angenhla kwe-163 ° C, zombili izintambo ezikhululekile (ezingafakwa kude) nama-gels aqinile (angakwazi ukuhlanganiswa futhi angafakwanga ama-solvents athile) angakhiqizwa. Zombili lezi zinhlobo zejeli zinciphisa amandla ashubile enziwe. Ngakho-ke, izinga lokushisa lokuxuba le-SBR kumele liphathwe ngokunakekelwa.

10. I-Vulcanation

Indlela ebalulekile yokuthola amandla aphezulu aphezulu ukwandisa ubukhulu be-crosslink, gwema ukwenziwa ngaphansi kwesisulu, ukuvala amandla futhi uvikele ukunyibilika kwenjoloba ngesikhathi sokucindezela okunganele noma ukusetshenziswa kwezinto eziguqukayo.

11. Ingcindezi-Drop Vulcanation

Ngemikhiqizo evunguzwe kuma-aulcolses, ukwakheka kwama-blisters kanye nokwehliswa okuholela emandleni ashukumisayo kungavinjelwa kancane kancane ukunciphisa ingcindezi kuze kube sekupheleni kwe-vulcanation, lokhu kwaziwa ngokuthi 'ingcindezi yehlisa umoya'.

12. Isikhathi se-Vulcanation kanye nokushisa

Izikhathi ze-Vulcanzation ezinde emazingeni okushisa aphansi ziholela ekwakhekeni kwamanethiwekhi amanethiwekhi amaningi we-sulfur, i-sulfure crosslink density futhi ngenxa yalokho amandla aphezulu aphezulu.

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14. Ama-filler

Okwama-filler afana nekhabhoni emnyama noma i-silica, ukukhethwa kosayizi omncane wezinhlayiyana ngendawo enkulu engaphezulu kungasebenza ekuthuthukiseni amandla ashubile. Ukungaqinisi noma ukugcwalisa ama-filler afana nobumba, i-calcium carbonate, i-talc, isihlabathi se-quartz, njll. Kufanele kugwenywe.

15. I-Carbon Black

Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-carbon emnyama ihlakazekile kahle, ukugcwaliswa kwayo kufanele kunyuswe kufinyelela ezingeni elifanele ukuthuthukisa amandla ashubile. I-Carbon emnyama ngosayizi omncane wezinhlayiyana izoba nenani eliphansi lokugcwaliswa kahle. Ukwandisa indawo ethile engaphezulu yekhabhoni emnyama kanye nokwenza ngcono ukuhlakazwa kwekhabhoni emnyama ngokunweba umjikelezo wokuxuba kungathuthukisa amandla ashubile enjoloba.

16. I-White Carbon emnyama

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-silica eqondile enendawo ephezulu engaphezulu kungathuthukisa amandla ngempumelelo.

17. Abasebenza ngokoqobo

Abathengisi bezoma-spistis kufanele bagwenywe uma amandla aphezulu ashubile afiswa.

18. Lapho uVurcaning Compless, ubuvikeli obujwayelekile bunzima ukuhlakaza ngokulinganayo, isibabule siphathwa nge-magnesium carbonate sizohlakazeka kangcono ezindaweni ze-polar ezinjenge-NBR. Uma i-ejenti ye-Vulcaning i-Vuvaning ayihlakazwa kahle, amandla ashubile angathinteka kakhulu.

19. Inethiwekhi ye-Multi-Sulfure Bonded Corclinking

Ngezinhlelo ezijwayelekile ze-Vulcanation, inethiwekhi yokuwela ibuswa ngama-polysulphide bond; Nge-EV, inethiwekhi yokuwela ilawulwa ngamabhondi angashadile futhi aphindwe kabili ama-sulphide, owayengumphumela wamandla aphezulu aphezulu.

20. Ionic crosslinking amanethiwekhi

Amakhompiyutha axhumene axhumeke kakhulu anekhono eliphakeme eliphakeme ngoba amaphuzu axhumeke angenawo angena futhi ngenxa yalokho ahambe ngaphandle kokudwengulwa.

21. Ukucindezela kwe-Crystallationation

Inhlanganisela yenjoloba yemvelo ne-neoprene equkethe amakristalu okucindezela ku-adhesive kuzosiza ukukhulisa amandla ashubile.