Embonini yenjoloba, amandla okugcina aqinile ayisisekelo semishini. Le pharamitha yokuhlola ikala amandla okugcina enhlanganisela yenjoloba ene-vulcanised. Ngisho noma umkhiqizo wenjoloba ungakaze usondezwe eduze namandla awo aqinile, abasebenzisi abaningi bemikhiqizo yenjoloba basawuthatha njengenkomba ebalulekile yekhwalithi iyonke yenhlanganisela. Ngakho-ke amandla e-tensile ayincazelo evamile kakhulu, futhi nakuba ukusetshenziswa kokugcina komkhiqizo othile kuhlobene kancane nakho, abaklami ngokuvamile kufanele baphume endleleni yabo ukuze bahlangabezane nakho.

1. Izimiso ezijwayelekile

Ukuze uthole amandla aqine kakhulu, umuntu ngokuvamile kufanele aqale ngama-elastomer lapho kungenzeka khona ukucwebezela okubangelwa ukungezwani komzimba, isb. NR, CR, IR, HNBR.

2. Irabha yemvelo i-NR

Izinamatheliso ezisekelwe kunjoloba yemvelo ngokuvamile zinamandla aphezulu okuqinile kunezinamathiselo ze-neoprene. Emabangeni ahlukahlukene enjoloba yemvelo, ifilimu yentuthu enguNo. Kuye kwabikwa ukuthi, okungenani endabeni yezinhlanganisela ezigcwele i-carbon black, ifilimu engu-3 ye-fume inikeza amandla angcono okuqina kunefilimu ye-fume engu-No. Ezakhiweni zenjoloba yemvelo, ama-plasticisers amakhemikhali (i-plastisol) njenge-biphenyl amidothiophenol noma i-pentachlorothiophenol (PCTP) kufanele agwenywe, njengoba ehlisa amandla aqinile wenhlanganisela.

3. I-Chloroprene CR

I-Chloroprene (CR) iyirabha yekristalu eyenziwe ngobunzima enikeza amandla aqine kakhulu lapho kungekho zigcwalisi. Eqinisweni, amandla okuqina kwesinye isikhathi angakhuliswa ngokunciphisa inani lokugcwalisa. Izisindo zamangqamuzana eziphakeme ze-CR zinikeza amandla aphezulu okudonsa.

4. I-NBR yerabha ye-Nitrile

I-NBR enokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-acrylonitrile (ACN) inikeza amandla aphezulu okudonsa. I-NBR enokusabalalisa kwesisindo se-molecular inika amandla aphezulu okuqina.

5. Ithonya lesisindo samangqamuzana

Ngokwenza kahle, ukusetshenziswa kwama-NBR ane-meniscus viscosity ephezulu kanye nesisindo samangqamuzana aphezulu kunikeza amandla aphezulu okunyakazisa.

6. Ama-elastomers ane-Carboxylated

Cabanga ukufaka esikhundleni se-NBR engafakwanga bhokisi nge-XNBR ene-carboxylated kanye ne-HNBR engafakwanga nge-carboxylated nge-XHNBR ene-carboxylated ukuze uthuthukise amandla okubamba kwenhlanganisela.

I-Carboxylated NBR enenani elifanele le-zinc oxide inikeza amandla aphezulu okuqinile kune-NBR evamile.

7. EPDM

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-semi-crystalline EPDM (okuqukethwe kwe-ethylene ephezulu) kunikeza amandla aphezulu okudonsa.

8. I-EPDM esebenzayo

Ukushintsha i-EPDM engashintshiwe ngo-2% (ingxenyana yobuningi) i-maleic anhydride modified EPDM ehlanganiswe ne-NR kukhulisa amandla okubamba ama-NR/EPDM compounds.

9. Gel

Amajeli okwenziwa afana ne-SBR ngokuvamile aqukethe iziqinisi. Kodwa-ke, lapho uxuba izinhlanganisela ze-SBR emazingeni okushisa angaphezu kuka-163 ° C, kokubili ama-gel axekethile (angahlanganiswa) kanye nama-gel aqinile (angakwazi ukuxutshwa futhi angancibiliki kumakhemikhali athile) angakhiqizwa. Zombili izinhlobo zejeli zinciphisa amandla aqinile wenhlanganisela. Ngakho-ke, izinga lokushisa lokuxuba le-SBR kufanele liphathwe ngokucophelela.

10. Ukuvuthwa kwengozi

Indlela ebalulekile yokuthola amandla aqine kakhulu ukukhulisa ukuminyana kwe-crosslink, ukugwema ukuncishiswa kwe-sulphurisation, i-post-vulcanisation kanye nokugwema ukuqhuma kwenjoloba ngesikhathi sokuvuvuka ngenxa yengcindezi enganele noma ukusetshenziswa kwezingxenye eziguquguqukayo.

11. I-vulcanisation ye-pressure-drop

Emikhiqizweni efakwe ku-autoclave, ukwakheka kwamabhamuza kanye nomphumela wokuncipha kwamandla aqinile kungagwenywa ngokunciphisa kancane kancane ingcindezi kuze kube sekupheleni kwe-vulcanisation, lokhu kwaziwa ngokuthi 'i-pressure drop vulcanisation'.

12. Isikhathi se-Vulcanization kanye nezinga lokushisa

Izikhathi ezinde ze-vulcanisation emazingeni okushisa aphansi ziphumela ekwakhekeni kwamabhondi esibopho esinesulphur eningi, ukuminyana kwe-sulphur crosslink ephakeme futhi ngenxa yalokho amandla aphezulu okudonsa.

13. Amandla okuqina angathuthukiswa ngamasu angcono okuhlanganisa ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuhlakazwa kwezithako eziqinisayo ezifana ne-carbon black, kuyilapho kugwenywa ukuxutshwa kokungcola noma izingxenye ezinkulu ezingahlakazekile.

14. Izigcwalisi

Kuma-filler afana ne-carbon black noma i-silica, ukukhetha usayizi wezinhlayiyana ezincane endaweni ethile enkulu kungasebenza ngempumelelo ekuthuthukiseni amandla okubamba. Izigcwalisi ezingaqinisi noma zokugcwalisa ezifana nobumba, i-calcium carbonate, i-talc, isihlabathi se-quartz, njll. kufanele kugwenywe.

15. Ikhabhoni elimnyama

Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-carbon black ihlakazeke kahle, ukugcwaliswa kwayo kufanele kukhushulwe ezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu ukuze kuthuthukiswe amandla okuqina. I-Carbon emnyama enosayizi omncane wezinhlayiyana izoba nenani eliphansi lokugcwalisa elilungile. Ukwandisa indawo ethile yekhabhoni emnyama kanye nokwenza ngcono ukusakazeka kwekhabhoni emnyama ngokunweba umjikelezo wokuxuba kungathuthukisa amandla enjoloba aqinile.

16. Ikhabhoni elimhlophe elimnyama

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-silica encishisiwe enendawo ethile ephezulu kungathuthukisa ngempumelelo amandla aqinile wenhlanganisela.

17. Amapulasitiki

Amapulasitiki kufanele agwenywe uma kufunwa amandla aqine kakhulu.

18. Uma i-vulcanising NBR compounds, i-vulcanisation evamile kunzima kakhulu ukuhlakazeka ngokulinganayo, ngakho-ke, isulfure ephathwa nge-magnesium carbonate izohlakaza kangcono kumakhompiyutha amhlophe njenge-NBR. Uma i-ejenti ye-vulcanising ingahlakazeki kahle, amandla okuqina angathinteka kakhulu.

19. Inethiwekhi exhumanisa i-multi-sulphur bonded crosslinking

Ngezinhlelo ezivamile ze-vulcanisation, inethiwekhi exhumanisayo ilawulwa amabhondi e-polysulphide; nge-EV, inethiwekhi ye-crosslinking ibuswa yizibopho ze-sulphide ezingashadile neziphindwe kabili, okokuqala okuholela ekuqineni okuphezulu.

20. Amanethiwekhi e-Ionic crosslinking

Amakhompiyutha axhumene ne-Ionic anamandla aphezulu okuqina ngoba amaphuzu axhumene angashelela futhi ngenxa yalokho anyakaze ngaphandle kokudatshulwa.

21. Ukuqina kwengcindezi

Inhlanganisela yerabha yemvelo kanye ne-neoprene equkethe amakristalu okucindezeleka ku-adhesive kuzosiza ukukhulisa amandla okuqina.