Ekuhlanganisweni kwenjoloba, izivivinyo eziningi zokuwohloka kokucindezelwa unomphela kwenziwa kunokuhlolwa kokuguquguquka okungapheli okuqinile. Njengoba kuzoxoxwa ngezansi, izici eziningi ze-rubber compound zithinta izakhiwo zayo zokuguquguquka. Kumele kuqashelwe lapha ukuthi ukuwohloka okucindezelwayo okuhlala njalo kanye ne-tensile deformation unomphela yizinto ezimbili ezihlukene. Ngakho-ke, lokho okuthuthukisa ukuguquguquka kokucindezelwa unomphela akuthuthukisi ukuguquguquka okungapheli okuqinile, futhi ngokuphambene nalokho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, emikhiqizweni yokuvalwa kwerabha, ukuguqulwa okungapheli okucindezelayo akusona isibikezelo esihle sokucindezela kokuvala noma ukusebenza kokuvala. Imvamisa, lapho uvivinyo lokuphumula ingcindezi olucindezelayo kufanele lwenziwe, kuba ngcono ukusebenza kokuvalwa komkhiqizo kubikezelwa.

Amaphrothokholi okuhlola alandelayo asetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kokuguquguquka unomphela kwerabha. Qaphela: Lezi zinqubo zokuhlola kungenzeka zingasebenzi kuzo zonke izimo. Ukwengeza, noma yikuphi ukuguquguquka okunganciphisa ukuwohloka unomphela ekucindezelweni noma ukungezwani kungathinta ezinye izici futhi ngeke kukhulunywe ngakho embhalweni.

1. uhlelo lwe-vulcanization

Cabangela ukusetshenziswa kwama-peroxides njengama-vulcanizing agents, angakha i-CC cross-linked bond futhi ngaleyo ndlela athuthukise ukuwohloka unomphela kwerabha. I-vulcanization yerabha ye-ethylene propylene nge-peroxide inganciphisa ukucindezelwa okuhlala njalo kwerabha. Ubuhle be-peroxide ngaphezu kwesibabule ubulula bokuphatha i-peroxide kanye nokuguqulwa okuphansi okucindezelayo okungapheli kwerabha.

2. Isikhathi se-Vulcanization kanye nezinga lokushisa

Izinga lokushisa eliphakeme le-vulcanization kanye nesikhathi eside se-vulcanization kungakhuphula izinga le-vulcanization futhi ngaleyo ndlela kunciphise isethi yokuminyanisa yerabha.

3. Ukuminyana kokuxhumanisa

Ukwandisa ukuminyana kwe-crosslinking yerabha kunganciphisa ngempumelelo ukucindezelwa kwe-deformation unomphela kwerabha.

4. Uhlelo lwe-sulphur vulcanization

Ukuze kuncishiswe ukuguqulwa okungapheli okucindezelayo kwenhlanganisela ye-EPDM futhi kuthuthukiswe ukumelana nokushisa, singacabangela le 'ukuguqulwa okuphansi' kwesistimu ye-vulcanization (ubuningi): isulfure 0.5PHR, ZDBC 3PHR, ZMDC 3PHR, DTDM 2PHR, TMTD3PHR.

Ku-W uhlobo lwe-neoprene, ukusetshenziswa kwe-diphenylthiourea accelerator kungenza irabha nge-deformation ephansi yokucindezela okungapheli, kodwa gwema ukusebenzisa i-CTP njenge-anti-coke ejenti, nakuba ingandisa isikhathi esishisayo, kodwa inomonakalo omkhulu ekucindezelweni kokuguqulwa unomphela.

Ukuze irabha ye-NBR, ohlelweni olukhethiwe lwe-vulcanization, inani lesulfure kufanele lincishiswe, zama ukusebenzisa isulfure ukunikeza umzimba onjenge-TMTD noma i-DTDM esikhundleni sengxenye yesibabule, izakhi zesulfure ezincane zizokwenza ngcono ukucindezelwa kokusebenza okungapheli kwenjoloba. Uhlelo lwe-vulcanization olune-HVA-2 ne-hyposulfuramide lungenza irabha ibe nokucindezelwa okuphansi kwe-deformation unomphela.

5. uhlelo lwe-peroxide vulcanization

Ukukhethwa kwe-BBPIB peroxide kuzonikeza irabha ukuwohloka okungcono okuhlala njalo ekucindezelekeni. Ezinhlelweni ze-peroxide vulcanization, ukusetshenziswa kwe-co-crosslinkers kwandisa ukuthuthwa kwesistimu, okuholela ekukhuleni kwe-crosslink, ngoba ukuphambana kwama-radicals mahhala ngamabhondi angasetshenzisiwe kwenzeka kalula kunokuthatha i-hydrogen emaketangeni agcwele. Ukusetshenziswa kwama-co-crosslinkers kushintsha uhlobo lwenethiwekhi yokuphambana futhi ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukisa ukucindezelwa okuhlala njalo kwe-deformation ye-adhesive.

6. post-vulcanization

Kukhona i-vulcanization by-products ngesikhathi senqubo ye-vulcanization, futhi inqubo ye-post-vulcanization ku-atmospheric pressure ivumela le mikhiqizo ukuthi ikhishwe, ngaleyo ndlela inikeze i-rubber isethi yokucindezela ephansi.

7. I-Fluoroelastomer FKM/Bisphenol AF Vulcanization

Kuma-fluoroelastomers, ukusetshenziswa kwe-bisphenol vulcanizing agent esikhundleni se-peroxide vulcanizing agent kunganikeza injoloba ukuwohloka okuphansi okungapheli ekuminyaniseni.

8. Umphumela wesisindo samangqamuzana

Kufomula yerabha, ukukhethwa kwerabha enesisindo esikhulu samangqamuzana esimaphakathi kunganciphisa ngempumelelo ukucindezelwa okuhlala njalo kwenjoloba.

Kurabha ye-NBR, irabha ene-Mooney viscosity ephezulu kufanele isetshenziswe, engenza irabha ibe ne-deformation encane yokucindezela unomphela.

9. I-Neoprene

I-neoprene yohlobo lwe-W inokuminyanisa okuphansi okuhlala njalo kunohlobo lwe-neoprene yohlobo lwe-G.

10. EPDM

Ukuze wenze injoloba ibe nokucindezelwa okuphansi kokushintsha unomphela, zama ukugwema ukusebenzisa irabha ye-EPDM enobucwebe obuphezulu.

11. I-NBR

I-NBR, eyi-emulsion eyenziwe nge-polymerized ne-calcium chloride njenge-coagulant, ngokuvamile inesethi yokuminyanisa ephansi.

Ngerabha ye-NBR, uma ufuna ukugxila ekusebenzeni kwayo kokucindezelwa unomphela kokucindezelwa, bese uzama ukukhetha izinhlobo ezinamagatsha aphezulu kanye ne-chain chain entanglement noma izinhlobo ezinokuqukethwe okuphansi kwe-acrylonitrile.

12. Irabha ye-ethylene-acrylate

Kumarabha e-AEM, ama-ejenti ahlanza i-peroxide anganikeza isethi yokucindezela ephansi kune-diamine vulcanizing agents.

13. Ama-homogenizer asekelwe ku-resin

Gwema ukusetshenziswa kwama-homogenizers asekelwe ku-resin kuma-compounds enjoloba, njengoba lokhu kwandisa isethi yokucindezela kwe-compound.

14. Izigcwalisi

Ukunciphisa ukugcwalisa, isakhiwo kanye nendawo ethile yendawo yokugcwalisa (ukwandisa usayizi wezinhlayiyana) ngokuvamile kuzonciphisa isethi yokucindezela. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukwandisa umsebenzi we-filler surface kungabuye kuthuthukise ukumelana kwesethi yokucindezela kwe-compound.

15. Silika

I-silica filler ephansi ku-compound izonciphisa isethi yokucindezela. Ukuze ube nesethi yokucindezela ephansi, kuyadingeka ukugwema ukugcwaliswa okuphezulu kwe-silica. Uma inani lokugcwalisa lingaphezu kwezingxenye ezingu-25 (ngobuningi), ukuguqulwa okungapheli okucindezelayo kwe-compound kuba kukhulu.

16. Silane coupling agent

Uma kucatshangelwa ukusetshenziswa kwe-ejenti yokuhlanganisa i-silane ngenani eliphezulu lokugcwalisa le-silica encishisiwe, ukucindezelwa kwe-deformation unomphela kwe-adhesive kungancishiswa. I-ejenti yokuhlanganisa i-Silane inganciphisa ukucindezelwa unomphela kwenjoloba egcwele i-silica, futhi iphinde yehlise ukucindezelwa unomphela kwe-silicate uhlobo lokugcwalisa njengobumba, i-talcum powder nezinye irabha egcwele.

17. Amapulasitiki

Ukunciphisa inani lokugcwalisa le-plasticizer ku-raber ngokuvamile kuzonciphisa ukucindezelwa kwe-deformation unomphela yerabha.