Eka ku hlanganisiwa ka rhaba, swikambelo swotala swa compression permanent deformation swa endliwa kutlula swikambelo swa tensile permanent deformation. Tani hilaha swingata hlamuseriwa hakona laha hansi, swiyenge swotala swa nkatsakanyo wa rhaba swi khumba swivumbeko swa wona swa deformation. Swifanele ku xiyiwa laha leswaku compressive permanent deformation na tensile permanent deformation i swihlawulekisi swimbirhi swohambana. Hikokwalaho, leswi antswisaka compression permanent deformation aswi vuli leswaku swiantswisa tensile permanent deformation, naswona vice versa. Ku engetela kwalano, eka switirhisiwa swo pfalela rhaba, compressive permanent deformation ahi xikombiso xa kahle xa ntshikelelo wa ku pfalela kumbe matirhelo ya ku pfalela. Hi ntolovelo, loko ku fanele ku endliwa xikambelo xa compressive stress relaxation xo tika, matirhelo ya ku pfalela ya xiendliwa ya vhumbhiwile ku antswa.
Ti protocol leti landzelaka ta experimental titirhisiwa ku antswisa matirhelo ya permanent deformation ya rhaba. Xiya: Tiphurothokholo leti ta ku ringeta ti nga ha va ti nga tirhi eka swiyimo hinkwaswo. Ku engetela kwalaho, xihlawulekisi xin’wana na xin’wana lexi nga hungutaka ku onhaka ka nkarhi hinkwawo eka ku tshikileriwa kumbe ku tsana xi nga khumba swihlawulekisi swin’wana naswona a xi nge langutisiwi eka tsalwa.
1. sisiteme ya vulcanization
Languta kutirhisiwa ka ti peroxides tani hi ti vulcanizing agents, letinga endla CC cross-linked bonds xisweswo ti antswisa ku onhaka ka nkarhi hinkwawo ka rhaba. Vulcanization ya ethylene propylene rubber hi peroxide swinga hunguta compression permanent deformation ya rhaba. Swipfuno swa peroxide kutlula sulphur i ku olova ka ku khoma peroxide xikan’we na low compressive permanent deformation ya rhaba.
2. Nkarhi wa vulcanization na mahiselo
Mahiselo yale henhla ya vulcanization xikan’we na nkarhi woleha wa vulcanization swinga engetela degree ya vulcanization naswona hikokwalaho swihunguta compression set ya rhaba.
3. Ku hlanganisa ku tsemakanya ku tsindziyela
Ku engetela crosslinking density ya rhaba swinga hunguta kahle compression permanent deformation ya rhaba.
4. Endlelo ra vulcanization ya sulphur
Leswaku hi hunguta ku onhaka ka nkarhi hinkwawo ka ntshikelelo ka nkatsakanyo wa EPDM na ku antswisa ku tiya ka ku hisa, hi nga languta sisiteme leyi ya 'ku onhaka ka le hansi' ka vulcanization (vukulu): sulphur 0.5PHR, ZDBC 3PHR, ZMDC 3PHR, DTDM 2PHR, TMTD3PHR.
Eka W type neoprene, kutirhisiwa ka diphenylthiourea accelerator swinga endla leswaku rhaba leyingana low compression permanent deformation, kambe papalata kutirhisa CTP tani hi anti-coke agent, hambi leswi yinga lehisa nkarhi wo hisa, kambe yina ku onhaka lokukulu eka compression permanent deformation.
Eka rhaba ya NBR, eka sisiteme ya vulcanization leyi hlawuriweke, nhlayo ya sulphur yifanele kuhungutiwa, ringeta kutirhisa sulphur kuva yinyika miri kufana na TMTD kumbe DTDM kuva yi siva xiphemu xa sulphur, ti elements letintsongo ta sulphur tita antswisa matirhelo ya compression permanent deformation ya rhaba. Endlelo ra vulcanization leringana HVA-2 na hyposulfuramide ringa endla leswaku rhaba leyingana compression yale hansi yiva na deformation ya nkarhi hinkwawo.
5. sisiteme ya vulcanization ya peroxide
Ku hlawuriwa ka BBPIB peroxide swita nyika rhaba deformation yo antswa ya nkarhi hinkwawo eka compression. Eka ti peroxide vulcanization systems, kutirhisiwa ka ti co-crosslinkers swiendla leswaku kuva na unsaturation eka sisiteme, leswi hiku famba ka nkarhi swiyisaka eka crosslink density yale henhla, hikuva crosslinking ya ti free radicals na ti unsaturated bonds swihumelela hiku olova kutlula ku teka hydrogen kusuka eka ti saturated chains. Ku tirhisiwa ka ti co-crosslinkers swi cinca muxaka wa crosslinking network xisweswo swi antswisa swivumbeko swa compression permanent deformation swa adhesive.
6. endzhaku ka ku endliwa ka vulcanization
Kuna switirhisiwa swa vulcanization hi nkarhi wa maendlelo ya vulcanization, naswona maendlelo yale ndzhaku ka vulcanization eka ntshikelelo wa xibakabaka swipfumelela leswaku switirhisiwa leswi swihumesiwa, xisweswo swinyika rhaba sete yale hansi ya compression.
7. Ku endliwa ka Vulcanization hi fluoroelastomer FKM/Bisphenol AF
Eka ti fluoroelastomers, kutirhisiwa ka bisphenol vulcanizing agent ematshan’wini ya peroxide vulcanizing agent swinga nyika rhaba deformation yale hansi ya nkarhi hinkwawo eka compression.
8. Vuyelo bya ntiko wa timolekhuli
Eka formula ya rhaba, ku hlawuriwa ka rhaba leyingana ntiko lowukulu wa molecule ya xikarhi swinga hunguta kahle compression permanent deformation ya rhaba.
Eka rhaba ya NBR, rhaba leyingana Mooney viscosity yale henhla yifanele kutirhisiwa, leswinga endla leswaku rhaba leyingana compression leyintsongo ya permanent deformation.
9. Xitirhisiwa xa neoprene
W type neoprene yina compression yale hansi ya permanent deformation kutlula G type neoprene.
10. EPDM
Ku endla leswaku rhaba leyingana compression yale hansi yiva na deformation ya nkarhi hinkwawo, ringeta ku papalata kutirhisa rhaba ya EPDM leyingana crystallinity yale henhla.
11. NBR
NBR, leyi nga emulsion polymerized na calcium chloride tani hi coagulant, hi ntolovelo yina sete yale hansi ya compression.
Eka rhaba ya NBR, loko u lava ku kongomisa eka matirhelo ya yona ya compression permanent deformation, kutani ringeta ku hlawula tinxaka letingana marhavi yale henhla xikan’we na high chain entanglement kumbe tinxaka letingana acrylonitrile yale hansi.
12. Raba ya ethylene-acrylate
Eka ti rubbers ta AEM, ti peroxide vulcanizing agents tinga nyika compression set yale hansi kutlula ti diamine vulcanizing agents.
13. Ti homogenizers leti simekiweke eka resin
Papalata kutirhisiwa ka ti homogenizers leti simekiweke eka resin eka ti compounds ta rhaba, tani hileswi leswi swiendlaka compression set ya compound.
14. Swilo swo tata
Ku hunguta ku tata, xivumbeko na ndzhawu yokarhi yale henhla ya filler (ku engetela vukulu bya ti particle) hi ntolovelo swita hunguta compression set. Hi nkarhi lowu fanaka, ku engetela ntirho wa filler surface swinga tlhela swi antswisa compression set resistance ya compound.
15. Silika ya xirhendzevutani
Lower silica filler eka compound swita hunguta compression set. Leswaku kuva na sete ya compression yale hansi, swa laveka ku papalata ku tatiwa lokukulu ka silica. Loko nhlayo ya ku tata yiri e henhla kutlula 25 wa swiphemu (hi ntiko), compressive permanent deformation ya compound yiva yikulu.
16. Xitirhisiwa xo hlanganisa xa silane
Loko hi tekela enhlokweni kutirhisiwa ka silane coupling agent eka nhlayo yale henhla yo tata ya silica leyi khulukaka, compression permanent deformation ya adhesive yinga hungutiwa. Silane coupling agent yinga hunguta compression permanent deformation ya silica filled rubber, naswona yitlhela yi hunguta compression permanent deformation ya silicate type filler yofana na vumba, talcum powder na rhaba yin’wana leyi tatiweke.
17. Switirhisiwa swo endla tipulasitiki
Ku hunguta nhlayo ya ku tatiwa ka plasticizer eka rhaba hi ntolovelo swita hunguta compression permanent deformation ya rhaba.
