Eka ku hlanganisiwa ka rhaba, swikambelo swo tala swa ku onhaka ka nkarhi hinkwawo swa ku tshikileriwa swi endliwa ku tlula swikambelo swa ku onhaka ka nkarhi hinkwawo swa tensile. Hilaha swi nga ta xopaxopiwa hakona laha hansi, swiyenge swo tala swa nkatsakanyo wa rhaba swi khumba swivumbeko swa xona swa ku onhaka. Swifanele ku xiyiwa laha leswaku compressive permanent deformation na tensile permanent deformation i swivumbeko swimbirhi swohambana. Hikokwalaho, leswi antswisaka compression permanent deformation aswi vuli leswaku tensile permanent deformation, na vice versa. Ku engetela kwalano, eka switirhisiwa swo pfala rhaba, compressive permanent deformation ahi xikombiso xa kahle xa ntshikelelo wo pfalela kumbe matirhelo yo pfala. Hi ntolovelo, loko xikambelo xa ku olovisiwa ka ntshikelelo wa ntshikelelo xi tika swinene xi fanele ku endliwa, matirhelo ya ku pfalela ya kahle ya xiendliwa ya vhumbhiwa.

Tiphurothokholo ta swikambelo leti landzelaka ti tirhisiwa ku antswisa matirhelo ya deformation ya nkarhi hinkwawo ya rhaba. Xiya: Tiphurotokholo leti ta ku ringeta ti nga ha va ti nga tirhi eka swiyimo hinkwaswo. Ku engetela kwalaho, xihlawulekisi xin’wana na xin’wana lexi nga hungutaka ku onhaka ka nkarhi hinkwawo eka ku tshikileriwa kumbe ku tsana xi nga khumba swihlawulekisi swin’wana naswona a swi nge langutisiwi eka tsalwa.

1. Sisiteme ya Vulcanization .

Languta kutirhisiwa ka ti peroxides tani hi ti vulcanizing agents, leswinga endlaka CC cross-linked bonds xikan’we naku antswisa ku onhaka ka rubber ya nkarhi hinkwawo. Vulcanization ya rhaba ya ethylene propylene na peroxide yinga hunguta compression permanent deformation ya rhaba. Swipfuno swa peroxide eka sulphur i ku olova ka ku khoma peroxide na low compressive permanent deformation ya rhaba.

2. Vulcanization nkarhi na mahiselo .

Mahiselo yale henhla ya vulcanization xikan’we na nkarhi woleha wa vulcanization swinga engetela degree ya vulcanization naswona hikokwalaho swihunguta set ya compression ya rhaba.

3. Ku hlanganisiwa ka swilo leswi hlanganisaka .

Ku engetela crosslinking density ya rhaba swinga hunguta kahle compression permanent deformation ya rhaba.

4. Sisiteme ya ku vulcanization ya sulphur .

Leswaku hi hunguta ku onhaka ka nkarhi hinkwawo ka ntshikelelo wa nkatsakanyo wa EPDM na ku antswisa ku lwisana na ku hisa, hi nga languta 'Low Deformation' vulcanization system (MASS): Sulphur 0.5phr, ZDBC 3PHR, ZMDC 3PHR, DTDM 2PHR, TMTD3PHR.

Eka W type neoprene, kutirhisiwa ka diphenylthiourea accelerator swinga endla rhaba leyinga na low compression permanent deformation, kambe papalata kutirhisa CTP tani hi anti-coke agent, hambi leswi yinga lehisa nkarhi wo hisa, kambe yina ku onhaka lokukulu eka compression permanent deformation.

Eka rhaba ya NBR, eka sisiteme ya vulcanization leyi hlawuriweke, nhlayo ya sulphur yifanele kuhungutiwa, ringeta kutirhisa sulphur kuva yinyika miri wofana na TMTD kumbe DTDM kuva yi siva xiphemu xa sulphur, swiaki swa sulphur swintsongo swita antswisa matirhelo ya permanent deformation ya ntshikelelo wa rhaba. Endlelo ra vulcanization leri nga na HVA-2 na hyposululramide ri nga endla rhaba leyi nga na ntshikelelo wa le hansi wa ku onhaka ka nkarhi hinkwawo.

5. Sisiteme ya peroxide vulcanization .

Ku hlawuriwa ka Bbbpib peroxide swita nyika rhaba ku onhaka ka nkarhi hinkwawo eka compression. Eka ti peroxide vulcanization systems, kutirhisiwa ka co-crosslinkers swiendla leswaku kuva na unsaturation eka sisiteme, leswi hiku famba ka nkarhi swi yisaka eka crosslink density yale henhla, hikuva crosslinking ya ti free radicals letingana ti unsaturated bonds swihumelela hiku olova kutlula ku teka hydrogen kusuka eka ti saturated chains. Ku tirhisiwa ka ti co-crosslinkers swi cinca muxaka wa crosslinking network naswona xisweswo swi antswisa swivumbeko swa compression permanent deformation swa adhesive.

6. Ku endliwa ka le ndzhaku ka Vulcanization .

Kuna vulcanization by-products hinkarhi wa vulcanization process, naswona post-Vulcanization process eka ntshikelelo wa atmosphere yi pfumelela switirhisiwa leswi swale tlhelo kuva swi humesiwa, xisweswo swinyika rhaba leyinga set ya ntshikelelo wale hansi.

7. Fluoroelastomer FKM/Bisphenol AF Vulcanization .

Eka ti fluoroelastomers, kutirhisiwa ka bisphenol vulcanizing agent ematshan’wini ya peroxide vulcanizing agent swinga nyika rhaba ku deformation yale hansi ya permanent eka compression.

8. Vuyelo bya ntiko wa molekhuli .

Eka fomula ya rhaba, ku hlawuriwa ka rhaba leyi nga na ntiko lowukulu wa molekhuli ya le xikarhi swi nga hunguta hi ndlela leyinene ku onhaka ka nkarhi hinkwawo ka rhaba.

Eka rhaba ya NBR, rhaba leyingana high mooney viscosity yifanele kutirhisiwa, leswinga endlaka leswaku rhaba leyinga na compression ya permanent deformation leyintsongo.

9. neoprene .

W Type Neoprene yi na deformation ya nkarhi hinkwawo ya compression ya le hansi ku tlula G type neoprene.

10. EPDM .

Ku endla rhaba leyi nga na low compression permanent deformation, ringeta ku papalata ku tirhisa rhaba ya EPDM leyi nga na crystallinity ya le henhla.

11. NBR .

NBR, leyi nga emulsion leyi polymerized hi calcium chloride tani hi coagulant, hi ntolovelo yina low compression set.

Eka rhaba ya NBR, loko u lava ku kongomisa eka matirhelo ya yona ya compression permanent deformation, kutani ringeta ku hlawula tinxaka letingana marhavi yale henhla na high chain entanglement kumbe tinxaka letingana nhlayo yale hansi ya acrylonitrile.

12. rhaba ya ethylene-acrylate .

Eka ti rubbers ta AEM, switirhisiwa swa peroxide vulcanizing swinga nyika set yale hansi ya compression kutlula switirhisiwa swa diamine vulcanizing.

13. Switirhisiwa swo fana leswi simekiweke eka resin .

Papalata ku tirhisiwa ka ti homogenizers leti simekiweke eka resin eka swihlanganisi swa rhaba, tani hileswi leswi swi engetelaka sete ya compression ya compound.

14. Swilo swo tata .

Ku hunguta ku tatiwa, xivumbeko na ndzhawu yokarhi yale henhla ya filler (ku engetela vukulu bya ti particle) hi ntolovelo swita hunguta set ya compression. Hi nkarhi lowu fanaka, ku engetela ntirho wa filler surface swinga tlhela swi antswisa compression set resistance ya compound.

15. Silica .

Lower silica filler eka compound yita hunguta set ya compression. Leswaku kuva na low compression set, swa laveka ku papalata ku tatiwa lokukulu ka silica. Loko nhlayo ya filling yiri e henhla kutlula 25 wa swiphemu (hi mass), compressive permanent deformation ya compound yiva yikulu.

16. Xitirhisiwa xo hlanganisa xa silane .

Loko ku tekeriwa enhlokweni kutirhisiwa ka silane coupling agent eka nhlayo yale henhla ya filling ya precipitated silica, compression permanent deformation ya adhesive yinga hunguteka. Silane coupling agent yinga hunguta compression permanent deformation ya silica filled rubber, naswona yitlhela yi hunguta compression permanent deformation ya silicate type filler yofana na vumba, talcum powder na rhaba yin’wana leyi tatiweke.

17. Switirhisiwa swo endla leswaku pulasitiki .

Ku hunguta nhlayo yo tata ya plasticizer eka rhaba hi ntolovelo swita hunguta compression permanent deformation ya rhaba.