Mu kugatta kapiira, okugezesebwa okw’okukyukakyuka okw’olubeerera okw’okunyigiriza okusinga okugezesebwa okw’okukyukakyuka okw’olubeerera okw’okusika. Nga bwe kijja okuteesebwako wansi, ebintu bingi eby’ekirungo kya kapiira bikosa eby’obugagga byakyo eby’okukyukakyuka. Kinaamanyibwa wano nti okukyukakyuka okw’olubeerera okw’okunyigirizibwa n’okukyukakyuka okw’olubeerera okw’okusika (tensile permanent deformation) mpisa bbiri ez’enjawulo. N’olwekyo, ekitereeza okukyukakyuka okw’olubeerera okw’okunyigirizibwa tekitegeeza nti kitereeza kukyukakyuka okw’olubeerera okw’okusika, ne vice versa. Okugatta ku ekyo, ku bintu ebisiba kapiira, okukyukakyuka okw’olubeerera okunyigirizibwa si kirungi kuteebereza puleesa y’okusiba oba omulimu gw’okusiba. Ebiseera ebisinga, okugezesa okuwummuza okunyigirizibwa gye kukoma okukaluba, omulimu gw’okusiba ekintu gye gukoma okulagulwa.

Enkola z’okugezesa zino wammanga zikozesebwa okulongoosa omulimu gw’okukyukakyuka ogw’olubeerera ogwa kapiira. Weetegereze: Enkola zino ez’okugezesa ziyinza obutakola mu mbeera zonna. Okugatta ku ekyo, enkyukakyuka yonna eyinza okukendeeza ku kukyukakyuka okw’olubeerera mu kunyigirizibwa oba okusika eyinza okukosa eby’obugagga ebirala era tejja kukolebwako mu kiwandiiko.

1. enkola ya vulcanization

Lowooza ku nkozesa ya peroxides nga vulcanizing agents, eziyinza okukola CC cross-linked bonds era bwe kityo ne kitereeza okukyukakyuka okw’olubeerera kwa kapiira. Vulcanization ya ethylene propylene rubber ne peroxide kiyinza okukendeeza ku compression permanent deformation ya rubber. Ebirungi bya perokisayidi okusinga salufa kwe kukwata perokisayidi okwangu n’okukyukakyuka okw’olubeerera okw’okunyigirizibwa okutono okwa kapiira.

2. Obudde bwa Vulcanization n’ebbugumu

Ebbugumu erya waggulu erya vulcanization n’obudde obuwanvu obw’okuwunyiriza bisobola okwongera ku diguli y’okuwunyiriza n’olwekyo okukendeeza ku compression set ya kapiira.

3. Densite y’okusalasala

Okwongera ku crosslinking density ya kapiira kiyinza bulungi okukendeeza ku compression permanent deformation ya kapiira.

4. Enkola ya sulfur vulcanization

Okusobola okukendeeza ku kukyukakyuka okw’olubeerera okw’okunyigirizibwa okw’ekirungo kya EPDM n’okulongoosa okuziyiza ebbugumu, tusobola okulowooza ku nkola eno 'okukyukakyuka okutono' vulcanization system (mass): sulfur 0.5PHR, ZDBC 3PHR, ZMDC 3PHR, DTDM 2PHR, TMTD3PHR.

Mu neoprene ey’ekika kya W, okukozesa diphenylthiourea accelerator kuyinza okufuula kapiira akalina okunyigirizibwa okutono okukyukakyuka okw’olubeerera, naye weewale okukozesa CTP ng’ekirungo ekiziyiza coke, wadde nga kiyinza okwongera ku budde bw’okwokya, naye kirina okwonooneka okusingawo ku kunyigirizibwa okukyukakyuka okw’olubeerera.

Ku kapiira ka NBR, mu nkola ya vulcanization erongooseddwa, obungi bwa salufa bulina okukendeezebwa, gezaako okukozesa ekibiriiti okuwa omubiri nga TMTD oba DTDM okukyusa ekitundu kya salufa, ebitundu bya salufa ebitono bijja kulongoosa omulimu gw’okunyigirizibwa ogw’okukyukakyuka okw’olubeerera ogwa kapiira. Enkola ya vulcanization nga erina HVA-2 ne hyposulfuramide esobola okufuula kapiira akalina compression eya wansi okukyukakyuka okw’olubeerera.

5. enkola ya peroxide vulcanization

Okulonda BBPIB peroxide kijja kuwa kapiira okukyukakyuka okulungi okw’olubeerera mu kunyigirizibwa. Mu nkola za peroxide vulcanization, okukozesa co-crosslinkers kwongera ku unsaturation mu system, ekivaako crosslink density enkulu, kubanga crosslink ya free radicals ne unsaturated bonds kibaawo mangu okusinga okutwala hydrogen okuva mu saturated chains. Okukozesa co-crosslinkers kikyusa ekika ky’omukutu gw’okusalako era bwe kityo ne kilongoosa eby’obugagga by’okukyukakyuka okw’olubeerera okw’okunyigirizibwa kw’ekyesiiga.

6. oluvannyuma lw’okufuuka vulcanization

Waliwo ebiva mu kukola vulcanization mu kiseera ky’enkola ya vulcanization, era enkola ya post-vulcanization ku puleesa y’empewo esobozesa ebivaamu bino okufulumizibwa, bwe kityo ne kiwa kapiira ekibinja ky’okunyigirizibwa ekya wansi.

7. Okukola obuwumbi bwa fluoroelastomer FKM/Bisphenol AF

Ku fluoroelastomers, okukozesa ekirungo kya bisphenol vulcanizing agent mu kifo kya peroxide vulcanizing agent kiyinza okuwa kapiira okukyukakyuka okw’olubeerera okwa wansi mu kunyigirizibwa.

8. Enkola y’obuzito bwa molekyu

Mu nsengekera ya kapiira, okulonda kapiira akalina obuzito bwa molekyu obunene obwa wakati kuyinza bulungi okukendeeza ku kukyukakyuka okw’olubeerera okw’okunyigirizibwa kwa kapiira.

Ku kapiira ka NBR, kapiira akalina obuzito bwa Mooney obusingako kalina okukozesebwa, ekiyinza okufuula kapiira akalina okunyigirizibwa okutono okukyukakyuka okw’olubeerera.

9. Eddagala lya Neoprene

Neoprene ey’ekika kya W erina okukyukakyuka okw’olubeerera okw’okunyigirizibwa okwa wansi okusinga neoprene ow’ekika kya G.

10. EPDM

Okufuula kapiira akalina okunyigirizibwa okutono okukyukakyuka okw’olubeerera, gezaako okwewala okukozesa kapiira ka EPDM akalina obutafaali obunene.

11. NBR

NBR, nga eno ye emulsion polymerized ne calcium chloride nga coagulant, etera okuba n’ekisengejjo ekitono eky’okunyigirizibwa.

Ku kapiira ka NBR, bw’oba ​​oyagala okussa essira ku nkola yaayo ey’okukyukakyuka okw’olubeerera mu kunyigirizibwa, olwo gezaako okulonda ebika ebirina amatabi amangi n’okukwatagana kw’enjegere okungi oba ebika ebirina acrylonitrile omutono.

12. Omupiira gwa Ethylene-acrylate

Ku mipiira gya AEM, ebirungo ebikola vulcanizing peroxide bisobola okuwa compression set eya wansi okusinga ebirungo ebifuula diamine vulcanizing agents.

13. Ebintu ebikola homogenizers ebikolebwa mu resin

Weewale okukozesa ebirungo ebikola homogenizers ebisinziira ku resin mu bikozesebwa bya kapiira, kubanga kino kyongera ku compression set y’ekirungo.

14. Ebijjuza

Okukendeeza ku kujjuza, ensengekera n’obuwanvu obw’enjawulo obw’okungulu kw’ekijjuza (okwongera ku sayizi y’obutundutundu) ebiseera ebisinga kijja kukendeeza ku kisengejjo ky’okunyigiriza. Mu kiseera kye kimu, okwongera ku mirimu gy’okungulu kw’ekijjuza nakyo kisobola okulongoosa obuziyiza bw’okunyigirizibwa (compression set resistance) bw’ekirungo.

15. Silika (Silika) nga

Lower silica filler mu compound ejja kukendeeza ku compression set. Okusobola okuba n’ekisengejjo ky’okunyigirizibwa okutono, kyetaagisa okwewala okujjuza kwa silika okungi. Singa obungi bw’okujjuza busukka ebitundu 25 (ku buzito), okukyukakyuka okw’olubeerera okw’okunyigiriza okw’ekirungo kufuuka kunene.

16. Ekirungo ekigatta silane

Okulowooza ku nkozesa y’ekirungo ekiyunga silane mu bungi bw’okujjuza silika eyatonnye, okunyigirizibwa okw’olubeerera okukyukakyuka kw’ekyesiiga kuyinza okukendeezebwa. Silane coupling agent esobola okukendeeza ku compression permanent deformation ya silica filled rubber, era n’okukendeeza compression permanent deformation ya silicate type filler nga ebbumba, talcum powder ne rubber endala ejjude.

17. Ebintu ebikola obuveera

Okukendeeza ku bungi bw’okujjuza obuveera mu kapiira kijja kutera okukendeeza ku kukyukakyuka okw’olubeerera okw’okunyigirizibwa kwa kapiira.