Pakuphatikiza mphira, kuyezetsa kopitilira muyeso kopitilira muyeso kumachitika kuposa kuyesa kokhazikika kokhazikika. Monga tafotokozera m'munsimu, mbali zambiri za mphira wa rabara zimakhudza maonekedwe ake. Tikumbukenso apa kuti compressive okhazikika mapindikidwe ndi kumangika mapindikidwe okhazikika ndi katundu awiri osiyana. Choncho, zimene bwino psinjika okhazikika mapindikidwe sikuti bwino kumangokhalira mapindikidwe okhazikika, ndi mosemphanitsa. Kuphatikiza apo, pazinthu zosindikizira mphira, kupindika kokhazikika kokhazikika sikulosera zabwino za kusindikiza kapena kusindikiza ntchito. Nthawi zambiri, kuyesera kopumula kovutirapo kovutirapo kumafunika kuchitidwa, m'pamenenso kusindikiza kwa chinthucho kumanenedweratu.
Ma protocol otsatirawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupititsa patsogolo kusinthika kosatha kwa rabara. Zindikirani: Ma protocol oyeserawa sangagwire ntchito nthawi zonse. Kuonjezera apo, kusintha kulikonse komwe kungathe kuchepetsa kusinthika kosatha mu kukanikiza kapena kukangana kungakhudze katundu wina ndipo sikudzayankhidwa m'malembawo.
1. vulcanization dongosolo
Ganizirani za kugwiritsa ntchito peroxides ngati vulcanizing agents, zomwe zimatha kupanga CC zomangira zolumikizirana motero kuwongolera kusinthika kosatha kwa mphira. Vulcanization wa ethylene propylene mphira ndi peroxide akhoza kuchepetsa psinjika okhazikika mapindikidwe mphira. Ubwino wa peroxide kuposa sulfure ndi kuphweka kwa kugwira peroxide ndi kutsika kwapakatikati kokhazikika kwa mphira.
2. Vulcanization nthawi ndi kutentha
Kutentha kwakukulu kwa vulcanization ndi nthawi yayitali vulcanization kuonjezera mlingo wa vulcanization motero kuchepetsa psinjika ya mphira.
3. Kachulukidwe wolumikizirana
Kuchulukitsa kachulukidwe kolumikizana kwa mphira kumatha kuchepetsa kupindika kosatha kwa mphira.
4. Sulfur vulcanization dongosolo
Pofuna kuchepetsa kuponderezedwa kosatha kwa EPDM pawiri ndikuwongolera kukana kutentha, titha kuganizira za 'low deformation' vulcanization system (misa): sulfure 0.5PHR, ZDBC 3PHR, ZMDC 3PHR, DTDM 2PHR, TMTD3PHR.
Mu mtundu wa neoprene wa W, kugwiritsa ntchito diphenylthiourea accelerator kungapangitse mphira kukhala ndi mphira wochepetsetsa wokhazikika, koma pewani kugwiritsa ntchito CTP ngati anti-coke wothandizira, ngakhale kuti imatha kutalikitsa nthawi yotentha, koma imakhala ndi kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa kuponderezedwa kosatha.
Pakuti NBR mphira, mu osankhidwa dongosolo vulcanization, kuchuluka kwa sulfure ayenera kuchepetsedwa, yesetsani ntchito sulfure kupereka thupi monga TMTD kapena DTDM m'malo mbali ya sulfure, zinthu zochepa sulfure kusintha psinjika okhazikika mapindikidwe ntchito ya mphira. Dongosolo la vulcanization lomwe lili ndi HVA-2 ndi hyposulfuramide limatha kupanga mphira kukhala ndi kutsika kocheperako kokhazikika.
5. peroxide vulcanization dongosolo
Kusankha kwa BBPIB peroxide kudzapatsa mphira kukhala wopindika bwino kwambiri pakuponderezana. Mu machitidwe peroxide vulcanization, ntchito co-crosslinkers kumawonjezera unsaturation mu dongosolo, amenenso kumabweretsa mkulu crosslink kachulukidwe, chifukwa crosslinking ufulu ankafuna kusintha zinthu mopitirira ndi unsaturated zomangira kumachitika mosavuta kuposa kutenga haidrojeni ku unyolo anodzaza. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa co-crosslinkers kumasintha mtundu wa crosslinking network ndipo motero kumapangitsa kuti psinjika okhazikika mapindikidwe katundu wa zomatira.
6. pambuyo vulcanization
Pali vulcanization ndi-products panthawi ya vulcanization, ndipo ndondomeko ya post-vulcanization pamtunda wamlengalenga imalola kuti mankhwalawa atulutsidwe, motero amapereka mphira kukhala wochepetsetsa.
7. Fluoroelastomer FKM/Bisphenol AF Vulcanization
Kwa fluoroelastomers, kugwiritsa ntchito bisphenol vulcanizing agent m'malo mwa peroxide vulcanizing agent kungapangitse mphira kukhala wocheperako mokhazikika pakupanikizana.
8. Zotsatira za kulemera kwa maselo
Mu chilinganizo cha mphira, kusankha mphira wokhala ndi kulemera kwakukulu kwa maselo kumatha kuchepetsa kupindika kosatha kwa mphira.
Kwa rabara ya NBR, mphira wokhala ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba a Mooney ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito, zomwe zingapangitse mphirayo kukhala ndi kupindika pang'ono kosatha.
9. Neoprene
Mtundu wa neoprene wa W uli ndi kuponderezedwa kocheperako kokhazikika kuposa mtundu wa G neoprene.
10. EPDM
Kuti mupange mphira wokhala ndi mphira wocheperako wokhazikika, yesetsani kupewa kugwiritsa ntchito mphira wa EPDM wokhala ndi crystallinity yayikulu.
11. NBR
NBR, yomwe imapangidwa ndi emulsion polymerized ndi calcium chloride ngati coagulant, nthawi zambiri imakhala yotsika kwambiri.
Kwa mphira wa NBR, ngati mukufuna kuyang'ana kwambiri ntchito yake yopindika yokhazikika, yesani kusankha mitundu yokhala ndi nthambi zambiri komanso yolumikizira unyolo wambiri kapena mitundu yokhala ndi acrylonitrile otsika.
12. Ethylene-acrylate rabara
Kwa mphira wa AEM, ma peroxide vulcanizing agents atha kupereka kuponderezana kocheperako kuposa ma diamine vulcanizing agents.
13. Homogenizers opangidwa ndi utomoni
Pewani kugwiritsa ntchito utomoni ofotokoza homogenizers mu mphira mankhwala, monga izi kumawonjezera psinjika ya pawiri.
14. Zodzaza
Kuchepetsa kudzazidwa, kapangidwe ndi malo enieni a chodzaza (kuwonjezera kukula kwa tinthu) nthawi zambiri kumachepetsa kuyika kwa psinjika. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, kuwonjezera ntchito ya filler pamwamba kungathenso kupititsa patsogolo kukana kwazitsulo zapawiri.
15. Silika
Otsika silika filler mu pawiri amachepetsa compression set. Kuti mukhale ndi kupanikizika kochepa, m'pofunika kupewa kudzazidwa kwakukulu kwa silika. Ngati kudzaza kuchulukira kuposa magawo 25 (ndi misa), kupindika kokhazikika kwapawiri kumakhala kwakukulu.
16. Silane coupling agent
Poganizira kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa silane coupling agent mu kuchuluka kwa silika komwe kumadzaza, kuponderezana kokhazikika kwa zomatira kumatha kuchepetsedwa. Silane coupling wothandizira amatha kuchepetsa kupindika kosatha kwa mphira wodzaza silika, komanso kuchepetsa kupindika kosatha kwa mtundu wa silicate filler monga dongo, ufa wa talcum ndi mphira wina wodzaza.
17. Plasticizers
Kuchepetsa kudzaza kwa plasticizer mu rabala nthawi zambiri kumachepetsa kupindika kosatha kwa mphira.
