Nge-ethylene, i-propylene kanye ne-non-conjugated diolefin copolymerization ye-ethylene propylene diene rubber (EPDM) njengoba impahla yokufakwa kwentambo nekhebula ineminyaka engaphezu kwengama-60 yomlando. I-EPDM kanye ne-polyvinyl chloride (PVC) kanye ne-polyethylene exhunywe ngokuphambana (i-XLPE) nezinye izinto zokuvikela zinendawo efanayo engenakushintshwa, futhi izinzuzo zayo eziyingqayizivele yilezi: impilo ende yesevisi, ukumelana kangcono kwamanzi nomoya-mpilo nokuzinza okushisayo, ububanzi obubanzi bokushisa okusebenzayo. Njengoba ukusetshenziswa kwe-EPDM emkhakheni wokufakwa kukagesi kubaba kakhulu, izidingo zezinkomba ezibalulekile ze-EPDM nazo ziya ngokuya ziba nzima, ikakhulukazi kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ezisezingeni eliphezulu, ukulawulwa kwezinkomba ezibalulekile ze-EPDM kunezidingo eziqinile, kuphela lapho izinkomba eziyinhloko ezihambisanayo zikububanzi obunengqondo, ukuze i-EPDM ihlangabezane nokucubungula, ukusebenza nokusetshenziswa kwezidingo. Thatha i-EPDM njengesibonelo sokwenziwa kocingo lwe-medium-voltage kanye nokufakwa kwekhebula, uma amandla aqinile, ukuklebhuka kwe-elongation, amandla okuqhekeka, ukulahleka kwe-dielectric, ukumelana nevolumu kanye nezinye izinto ezibalulekile zomshini nezogesi zomkhiqizo zingahlangabezana nezidingo, okuqukethwe kwe-EPDM kwe-ethylene okuluhlaza, i-mooney viscosity, okuqukethwe kwe-diolefin nobumsulwa nezinye izinkomba ezibalulekile zomkhawulo kufanele zibe nemikhawulo. Kunezici eziningi ezithinta ukumelana nokuqhekeka kwentambo ye-EPDM nokufakwa kwekhebula. Ngaphezu kokuqukethwe kwe-ethylene okukhulunywe ngenhla, okuqukethwe kwe-diolefin nobumsulwa, okuqukethwe kwejeli ku-EPDM, kanye nokulungiswa kanye nokwenza kahle kwefomula yokucubungula kunomthelela obalulekile ekuphikiseni ukuwohloka komkhiqizo. Akuzona kuphela izici ezithonya ezingashadile nezizimele, kodwa futhi zisebenza ndawonye ukuze zibe nomthelela ophelele ekuphikisweni kokuwohloka kagesi kwemikhiqizo. Kuleli phepha, ezinye zezici ezithinta ukumelana nokuqhekeka kwe-EPDM zikhethelwa ucwaningo oluhlelekile nokuhlaziywa, ukuze kuhlinzekwe ireferensi ebalulekile yokuhlanganiswa kwemikhiqizo ye-EPDM yokufakwa kwezintambo nezintambo.
1 Umthelela wokuqukethwe kwe-ENB emandleni okuhlukanisa
Okuqukethwe kwe-ENB (ingxenye enkulu) <4.5%, futhi ngokwanda kokuqukethwe kwe-ENB, amandla okuqhekeka omkhiqizo ayancipha; Okuqukethwe kwe-ENB (ingxenyana yobuningi) ≥4.5%, futhi ngokukhuphuka kokuqukethwe kwe-ENB (ingxenyana yobuningi), amandla okuqhekeka omkhiqizo ayanda.
2. Umthelela wokuhlanzeka kwerabha emandleni okuqhekeka
Lapho i-EPDM isetshenziswa ekucubunguleni izinto zokuvikela ugesi, ukuhlanzeka kwezinto kuyadingeka ngezinga elithile. Ukuhlanzeka kwe-EPDM kuvame ukuvezwa ngokokuqukethwe komlotha, okuhlanganisa ikakhulukazi usawoti we-inorganic oqukethe i-ion yensimbi (i-vanadium, i-aluminium, insimbi, i-sodium, njll.) eyethulwa ngesikhathi se-polymerization kanye ne-post-processing, kanye nokungcola kwamanye amazwe. Ukuba khona komlotha, okulingana 'nesici' somzimba, kalula kube impumelelo emikhiqizweni yenjoloba ngokushaqeka kukagesi. Njengoba okuqukethwe komlotha ku-EPDM kwanda, okuqukethwe kwe-ion yensimbi kusampula nakho kuyanda, futhi amandla okuqhekeka komkhiqizo oqediwe ayancipha. Umlotha (ama-ion ensimbi, ukungcola kwamanye amazwe) unawo umthelela othile ekusebenzeni kokuwohloka kukagesi komkhiqizo. Uma kucatshangelwa umthelela wama-ion ensimbi ekuphikiseni ukuwohloka komkhiqizo, ama-ion ensimbi kusampula yokuhlola azokwakha inkambu yendawo ngaphakathi komkhiqizo ngaphansi kwesenzo senkambu kagesi yangaphandle, ezobekwa phezulu nenkambu yangaphandle ukuze kulimaze umkhiqizo. Njengoba okuqukethwe kwe-ion yensimbi kusampula kwanda, amandla enkambu yangaphakathi akhula kancane kancane, futhi kungenzeka ukuthi ukuhlanganiswa kwendawo kwama-ion ensimbi kuyanda, okuholela ekuqineni kwensimu yendawo ephakeme ngokungavamile, futhi zonke lezi zici zizonciphisa ukumelana nokuqhekeka komkhiqizo. Okwesibili, cabangela umthelela wokungcola kwamanye amazwe ekuphikisweni kokuwohloka kwemikhiqizo, imikhiqizo yenjoloba ekungcoleni kwangaphandle ikakhulukazi ihlanganisa isihlabathi nokugqwala, njll., ngokuvamile, lokhu kungcola nemikhiqizo yenjoloba ayihambelani kahle kakhulu, futhi ukuba khona kwayo emikhiqizweni yenjoloba kulingana 'nesici', ibhubhisa ukufana nobuqotho bemikhiqizo yenjoloba. Uma inkambu kagesi yangaphandle enamandla amakhulu isebenza kumikhiqizo yokufakwa kukagesi ye-EPDM 'ineziphambeko', kuzoba lula uma kuqhathaniswa ukugqobhoza imikhiqizo yokufaka ugesi 'kuzonakalo', ngaleyo ndlela kunciphe ukumelana komkhiqizo nokuphuka kukagesi.
3. Umthelela wokuqukethwe kwejeli emandleni okuqhekeka
Ijeli iyisakhiwo esikhethekile 'sezinhlayiya zerabha' ezakhiwe ngesikhathi se-polymerization ye-EPDM. Ngenxa yokuma kwayo okukhethekile kanye nesakhiwo, ukusebenzisana kwayo neketango lengqamuzana elivamile emkhiqizweni wenjoloba kubuthakathaka, futhi ukuba khona kwayo kungabuye kubhekwe 'ukungcola' okusele emkhiqizweni wenjoloba. '. Ngemikhiqizo yokufakwa kukagesi yekhwalithi ephezulu ye-EPDM, okuqukethwe kwejeli kungase futhi kube nomthelela ekusebenzeni kokuwohloka kukagesi komkhiqizo. Njengoba okuqukethwe kwejeli ku-EPDM kukhula, amandla okuqhekeka omkhiqizo oqediwe ayancipha. Njengoba ijeli iyisakhiwo semeshi exhumene, i-morphology yayo ihluke kakhulu kuleyo yamaketanga e-EPDM amangqamuzana avamile, ngakho-ke ayihambisani ne-molecular ye-DMDM kanye ne-chanches ye-DMD evamile phakathi kwamangqamuzana e-EPDM. ubuso bejeli kanye namaketanga avamile wamangqamuzana abuthakathaka kunalawo aphakathi kwamaketanga amangqamuzana e-EPDM avamile Amandla okusebenzelana phakathi kobuso bejeli namaketanga avamile amangqamuzana abuthakathaka kunalawo aphakathi kwamaketanga avamile e-EPDM, futhi i-gel surface ayithi 'igcwaliswe' ngamaketanga e-EPDM.
Ubuso bejeli 'akugcwaliswa' ngempela ngamaketanga emolekyuli e-EPDM, futhi kungase kube 'nezikhala' ezithile. Njengoba ukuba khona kwejeli kuzothinta i-homogeneity yomkhiqizo, umkhiqizo ocutshungulwayo uzokwakha i-gradient yensimu ezungeze ijeli ngaphansi kwesenzo senkambu kagesi yangaphandle ephezulu. Uma umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwe-morphology kanye nesakhiwo sejeli kanye namaketanga e-molecular EPDM azungezile, ukwakheka okukhulu kwe-gradient yasensimini, kuba lula ukuphula ingaphezulu lejeli elinamandla ahlobene abuthakathaka futhi kungase kube khona 'igebe' emkhiqizweni. Uma umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwamaketanga e-molecular EPDM, kuba mkhulu i-gradient yenkundla, maningi amathuba okuthi kucekeleke phansi indawo yejeli lapho amandla ahlobene ebuthakathaka futhi kungase kube khona 'izikhala', okwakha 'amaphutha' emkhiqizweni, okuholela ekuqhekekeni kwangaphambi kwesikhathi kwesampula, futhi ngaleyo ndlela kuncishiswe ukusebenza kokuhlukaniswa kwesampula.
4. Umthelela wokucubungula ifomula emandleni okuhlukanisa
Ifomula yokucubungula iyisixhumanisi esibalulekile ekucutshungulweni kwemikhiqizo ye-EPDM ibe yimikhiqizo yokuhlanganisa ugesi, kodwa futhi enye yezinto ezibalulekile ezithinta ukuwohloka kokusebenza kwemikhiqizo yokufaka ugesi. Ukulungiswa kanye nokwenza kahle kwefomula yokucubungula eyisisekelo kanye nokwengezwa kwezithasiselo zokuvikela ugesi kungathuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kokuwohloka kwemikhiqizo yokufaka ugesi. Ngemuva kokuba impahla eluhlaza ye-EPDM efanayo icutshungulwe ngokuvumelana namafomula ahlukene, izakhiwo zemishini aziguquki kakhulu, futhi lezi zokugcina zingaphezu kuka-5% kuphela kunezokuqala, kodwa amandla okuphuka kagesi anenguquko ephawulekayo, futhi lokhu okugcina cishe ku-60% ephakeme kunangaphambili. Isizathu esiyinhloko sokuthuthukiswa kwezakhiwo zikagesi ukuthi umenzi wezintambo zasolwandle uthuthukise umthamo we-disopropyl benzene peroxide ngesikhathi sokucutshungulwa kwemikhiqizo, ukuze amabhondi aphindwe kabili ochungechungeni oluseceleni lwe-ENB axhumeke ngokuphelele, futhi amabhondi asele kabili ancishisiwe, futhi i-kaolin nezinye izithasiselo zikagesi ze-insulating zengezwe, okwandisa i-sortsorption kanye nomsebenzi osele. imikhiqizo. Amaphuzu amabili angenhla anele ukufakazela ukubaluleka kwefomula yokucubungula ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kokuwohloka kukagesi kwemikhiqizo yokufaka ugesi ye-EPDM.
5.Isiphetho
(1) Ibhondi ekabili kuchungechunge oluseceleni lwe-monomer yesithathu (ENB) ku-EPDM ixhunywe ngokuphambanayo ngokwanele.
(1) I-EPDM ku-monomer yesithathu (ENB) ochungechungeni oluseceleni lwebhondi ephindwe kabili, lapho ixhunywe ngokugcwele, iyancipha inani lezinsalela, iba ngcono kakhulu emikhiqizweni yokufakwa kukagesi (intambo nokufakwa kwekhebula) ukusebenza kokumelana nokuwohloka kukagesi.
(2) Ukuhlanzeka okuphezulu kwe-EPDM impahla eluhlaza (ukuncipha komlotha), kuba usizo kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwemikhiqizo yokuvikela ugesi (ucingo nongqimba lwe-cable insulation) ukumelana nokuqhekeka kukagesi.
(3) Ukuncipha kokuqukethwe kwejeli ye-EPDM impahla eluhlaza, kulapho kusiza kakhulu ukuthuthukisa imikhiqizo yokufaka ugesi (intambo nokufakwa kwekhebula) ukumelana nokuqhekeka kukagesi.
(3) Ukuncipha kokuqukethwe kwejeli yempahla eluhlaza ye-EPDM, kuba ngcono ukumelana nokuqhekeka kwemikhiqizo yokufaka ugesi (intambo nokufakwa kwekhebula).
(4) Ukulungisa inani le-EPDM ekwakhiweni kwesisekelo sama-insulators kagesi (intambo nokufakwa kwekhebula) nokuwufaka ngezithasiselo zokuvikela ugesi kungathuthukisa kakhulu ukumelana nokuqhekeka kwama-insulators kagesi (intambo nokufakwa kwekhebula).
