Ndi ethylene, propylene ndi non-conjugated diolefin copolymerization wa ethylene propylene diene mphira (EPDM) monga waya ndi chingwe kutchinjiriza chuma ali ndi zaka zoposa 60 mbiri. EPDM ndi polyvinyl kolorayidi (PVC) ndi mtanda zogwirizana polyethylene (XLPE) ndi zipangizo zina insulating ali ndi malo ofanana irreplaceable, ndipo ubwino wake wapadera ndi: moyo wautali utumiki, kukana bwino madzi ndi mpweya ndi matenthedwe bata, osiyanasiyana osiyanasiyana kutentha ntchito. Monga kugwiritsa ntchito kwa EPDM pankhani ya kutchinjiriza kwa magetsi ndikokulirakulira, zofunikira za zizindikiro zazikulu za EPDM zimakhalanso zovuta kwambiri, makamaka m'mapulogalamu ena apamwamba, kuwongolera zizindikiro zazikulu za EPDM kumakhala ndi zofunika kwambiri, pokhapokha ngati zizindikiro zofananira zili m'njira yoyenera, kuti EPDM ikwaniritse kukonza, kugwira ntchito ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zofunikira. Tengani EPDM monga chitsanzo cha kupanga sing'anga-voteji waya ndi kutchinjiriza chingwe, ngati kumakokedwa mphamvu, kung'amba elongation, mphamvu kuwonongeka, dielectric imfa, buku resistivity ndi zina zofunika mawotchi ndi magetsi katundu wa mankhwala akhoza kukwaniritsa zofunika, zopangira EPDM ethylene zili, mooney mamasukidwe akayendedwe, okhwima diolefin okhutira ndi chiyero ndi malire zizindikiro kiyi ayenera kukhala ndi malire. Pali zinthu zambiri zomwe zimakhudza kukana kuwonongeka kwa waya wa EPDM ndi kusungunula chingwe. Kuphatikiza pa zomwe tatchulazi ethylene, diolefin zili ndi chiyero, zomwe zili mu gel osakaniza mu EPDM, komanso kusintha ndi kukhathamiritsa kwa chilinganizo chokonzekera kumakhudza kwambiri kukana kwa mankhwala. Iwo sali amodzi okha komanso odzipatula kukopa zinthu, komanso ntchito pamodzi ndi zotsatira zonse pa kukana magetsi kuwonongeka kwa mankhwala. Mu pepalali, zina mwazinthu zomwe zimakhudza kukana kwa kuwonongeka kwa EPDM zimasankhidwa kuti zifufuze mwadongosolo komanso kusanthula, kuti apereke chidziwitso chofunikira pakuphatikizika kwa zinthu za EPDM pakupanga waya ndi chingwe.
1 Zotsatira za zomwe ENB zili pamphamvu yosweka
Zolemba za ENB (gawo la misa) <4.5%, ndipo ndi kuwonjezeka kwa ENB zomwe zili, mphamvu yowonongeka ya mankhwala imachepa; Zomwe zili mu ENB (kachigawo kakang'ono) ≥4.5%, ndipo ndi kuwonjezeka kwa ENB (kagawo kakang'ono), mphamvu yowonongeka ya mankhwala imawonjezeka.
2. Chikoka cha chiyero cha mphira pa mphamvu yosweka
EPDM ikagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza zida zotchingira magetsi, chiyero cha zinthucho chimafunikira pamlingo wina. Chiyero cha EPDM nthawi zambiri chimafotokozedwa molingana ndi phulusa, lomwe limapangidwa makamaka ndi mchere wamchere wokhala ndi ayoni azitsulo (vanadium, aluminiyamu, chitsulo, sodium, ndi zina zotero) zomwe zimayambitsidwa panthawi ya polymerization ndi post-processing, komanso zonyansa zakunja. Kukhalapo kwa phulusa, lofanana ndi 'chilema' chakuthupi, kumakhala kosavuta kukhala wopambana muzinthu za rabara ndi kugwedezeka kwamagetsi. Pamene phulusa la EPDM likuwonjezeka, zitsulo za ion zitsulo mu chitsanzo zimawonjezekanso, ndipo mphamvu yowonongeka ya mankhwala yomalizidwa imachepa. Phulusa (mayoni achitsulo, zonyansa zakunja) zimakhala ndi vuto linalake pakuwonongeka kwamagetsi pamagetsi. Poganizira zotsatira za ayoni zitsulo pa kukaniza kusweka kwa mankhwala, ayoni zitsulo mu chitsanzo mayeso kupanga malo m'dera mkati mankhwala pansi zochita za kumunda magetsi kunja, amene adzakhala superimposed ndi munda kunja kuwononga mankhwala. Pamene zili zitsulo ayoni mu chitsanzo ukuwonjezeka, mkati kumunda mphamvu pang'onopang'ono ukuwonjezeka, ndi kuthekera kwa kuphatikizira m'dera aggregation zitsulo ayoni komanso ukuwonjezeka, chifukwa mu abnormally mkulu m'deralo mphamvu kumunda, ndi zinthu zonsezi kuchepetsa kugwa kukana kwa mankhwala. Kachiwiri, taganizirani zotsatira za zonyansa zakunja pa kukana kuwonongeka kwa mankhwala, mankhwala a mphira m'zinthu zakunja makamaka monga mchenga ndi dzimbiri, ndi zina zotero, kawirikawiri, zonyansa izi ndi mphira zimakhala zosagwirizana kwambiri, ndipo kupezeka kwawo kwa mankhwala a mphira ndikofanana ndi 'chilema', kuwononga kufanana ndi kukhulupirika kwa mankhwala a rabara. Mphamvu yamagetsi yakunja yakunja imagwira ntchito pamagetsi amagetsi a EPDM okhala ndi 'zowonongeka', zimakhala zosavuta kuthyola zida zamagetsi pa 'zowonongeka', motero zimachepetsa kukana kwa mankhwalawa ku kuwonongeka kwamagetsi.
3. Mphamvu ya gel okhutira pa mphamvu zowonongeka
Gel ndi mawonekedwe apadera a 'rabala particles' omwe amapangidwa panthawi ya polymerization ya EPDM. Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake apadera komanso kapangidwe kake, kuyanjana kwake ndi unyolo wanthawi zonse wa mamolekyulu mu rabara ndikofooka, ndipo kukhalapo kwake kumatha kuonedwa ngati 'chidetso' chotsalira mu mankhwala a rabara. '. Pazinthu zamtundu wapamwamba wa EPDM zotchinjiriza magetsi, zomwe zili ndi gel zitha kukhudzanso kuwonongeka kwamagetsi kwa chinthucho. Pamene gel osakaniza mu EPDM akuwonjezeka, mphamvu ya kuwonongeka kwa chinthu chomalizidwacho imachepa. gel pamwamba ndi unyolo wachibadwa wa ma molekyulu ndi ofooka kuposa omwe ali pakati pa unyolo wamtundu wa EPDM wa maselo Mphamvu yolumikizana pakati pa gel osakaniza ndi unyolo wachibadwa wa maselo ndi ofooka kusiyana ndi omwe ali pakati pa maunyolo amtundu wa EPDM, ndipo gel osakaniza sikutanthauza 'kudzazidwa' ndi unyolo wa EPDM.
Pamwamba pa gel osakaniza sikoyenera 'kudzazidwa' ndi unyolo wa mamolekyulu a EPDM, ndipo pakhoza kukhala 'mipata' ina. Popeza kukhalapo kwa gel osakaniza kudzakhudza homogeneity ya mankhwala, mankhwala okonzedwa adzapanga munda gradient kuzungulira gel osakaniza pansi zochita za kunja high-voltage magetsi magetsi. Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu pakati pa morphology ndi mapangidwe a gel ndi maunyolo ozungulira a EPDM a molekyulu, kupangika kwakukulu kwa gradient yamunda, kumakhala kosavuta kuswa pamwamba pa gel omwe ali ndi mphamvu yofooka yachibale ndipo pangakhale 'kusiyana' mu mankhwala. Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa maunyolo a maselo a EPDM, kumapangitsanso kukula kwa munda, kungathenso kuwononga gel osakaniza pamene mphamvu yachibale imakhala yofooka ndipo pangakhale 'mipata', kupanga 'zowonongeka' mu mankhwala, zomwe zimatsogolera ku kuwonongeka koyambirira kwa chitsanzo, ndipo motero kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa chitsanzo.
4. Chikoka cha kachulukidwe formula pa mphamvu zowonongeka
Kukonza fomula ndichinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakukonza zinthu za EPDM kukhala zinthu zotchinjiriza zamagetsi, komanso chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu zomwe zimakhudza kuwonongeka kwa zinthu zamagetsi zamagetsi. Kusintha ndi kukhathamiritsa kwa chilinganizo choyambira ndikuwonjezera zowonjezera zamagetsi kungathe kusintha kwambiri kuwonongeka kwa zinthu zamagetsi zamagetsi. Pambuyo pa EPDM yaiwisi yaiwisi yomwe ikugwiritsidwa ntchito molingana ndi machitidwe osiyanasiyana, zida zamakina sizisintha kwambiri, ndipo zotsirizirazi zimakhala pafupifupi 5% kuposa zakale, koma mphamvu yowonongeka ya magetsi imakhala ndi kusintha kwakukulu, ndipo chomalizacho chili pafupi ndi 60% kuposa chakale. Chifukwa chachikulu cha kusintha kwa mawotchi ndi magetsi ndi chakuti opanga zingwe zam'madzi amawongolera mlingo wa diisopropyl benzene peroxide panthawi yokonza zinthuzo, kotero kuti zomangira ziwiri za mbali ya ENB zimadutsana bwino, ndipo zotsalira zapawiri zimachepetsedwa, ndipo kaolini ndi zina zowonjezera magetsi zimawonjezedwa, zomwe zimatha kuwonjezera ntchito ndi zotsalira zotsalira. mankhwala. Mfundo ziwiri zomwe zili pamwambazi ndizokwanira kutsimikizira kufunikira kwa njira yopangira makina kuti apititse patsogolo kuwonongeka kwa magetsi a EPDM magetsi otsekemera.
5.Mapeto
(1) Chomangira chapawiri mu unyolo wam'mbali wa monoma yachitatu (ENB) mu EPDM ndi yolumikizidwa mokwanira.
(1) EPDM mu monoma yachitatu (ENB) mu unyolo wa mbali ya mgwirizano wapawiri, wolumikizana kwambiri, m'munsimu chiwerengero cha zotsalira, ndizothandiza kwambiri kuzinthu zamagetsi zamagetsi (waya ndi kusungunula chingwe) kukana kwa magetsi.
(2) Kukwera kwa chiyero cha EPDM yaiwisi (kutsitsa phulusa), kumathandizira kwambiri pakuwongolera zinthu zamagetsi zamagetsi (waya ndi chingwe chosanjikiza) kukana kwamagetsi.
(3) Kutsika kwa gel osakaniza a EPDM yaiwisi, kumathandizira kwambiri kukonza zinthu zamagetsi zamagetsi (waya ndi kusungunula chingwe) kukana kwamagetsi.
(3) Kutsika kwa gel osakaniza za EPDM yaiwisi, kumapangitsanso kukana kwamphamvu kwa zinthu zamagetsi zamagetsi (waya ndi kusungunula chingwe).
(4) Kusintha kuchuluka kwa EPDM m'mapangidwe apansi a magetsi opangira magetsi (waya ndi kusungunula chingwe) ndikuwonjezeranso ndi zowonjezera zowonjezera zamagetsi zimatha kusintha kwambiri kukana kwa zowonongeka kwa magetsi (waya ndi kusungunula chingwe).
