Indlela yokunciphisa izindleko zokuhlanganisa irabha
Ezweni eliqhudelana kakhulu lemboni yenjoloba, izindleko zokuhlanganisa zibalulekile empumelelweni yomnotho yomkhiqizo. Kuyenzeka kusungulwe inhlanganisela ehlangabezana nezidingo zekhasimende ngokusebenza kokubili, kodwa inqatshwe yikhasimende ngoba ibiza kakhulu.
Ukwengeza, imikhiqizo yenjoloba ngokuvamile ithengiswa ngevolumu kunesisindo (imikhiqizo ebunjiwe ngokuvamile isayizi). Ngakho-ke, kunengqondo ukuqhathanisa 'izindleko zevolumu ngayinye' kunokuthi 'izindleko ngesisindo ngasinye' zerabha.
Izimo ezilandelayo zingase zehlise izindleko zezomnotho zenkomponi. Qaphela: Lezi zimo zokuhlola ezijwayelekile zingase zingasebenzi esimweni ngasinye. Noma yikuphi okuguquguqukayo okunciphisa izindleko kuzothinta ezinye izakhiwo, okungcono noma okubi kakhulu.
1. Ikhabhoni emnyama/ipulasitiki
Ukukhetha i-carbon structural black ephezulu kanye nokusebenzisa uwoyela wokugcwalisa okuphezulu kuzogcina i-modulus yenhlanganisela ingashintshi ngenkathi izindleko zehla.
2. Inani lokugcwalisa i-Carbon emnyama
Cabanga ukukhetha indawo ephansi eyakhiwe futhi ephansi ethize ethize ye-carbon black, ngoba le carbon black ayibizi nje kuphela, kodwa futhi inenani eliphezulu lokugcwalisa, elinganciphisa ngokuphumelelayo izindleko zenjoloba.
Khetha i-ultra-low structured semi-reinforced semi-reinforced carbon black, ngoba ingagcwaliswa ngobuningi, okunganciphisa ngempumelelo izindleko zenjoloba.
Khetha indawo ethile ephansi ethile kanye nekhabhoni emnyama ehlelekile ephansi ukuze ugcwalise irabha ebiza kakhulu, futhi ugcine i-viscosity yerabha ingabi phezulu kakhulu, ukuze irabha ingabunjwa ngomjovo noma ivuthwe ngezinye izindlela, futhi izindleko zizoncishiswa ngokulingene.
3. Usilika
Ngokumelana okuphansi kokugoqa kanye nokumelana okuhle kokushelela, i-silica ivame ukusetshenziswa njengesigcwalisi futhi kusetshenziswa i-organosilane coupling agent. I-Silane coupling agents iyabiza, futhi uma inani elincane kakhulu le-ejenti yokuhlanganisa i-silane lingasetshenziswa futhi ukusebenza kwenhlanganisela kuhlala kungashintshile, izindleko zenhlanganisela zingancishiswa kakhulu. Umkhuba ojwayelekile ukusebenzisa i-silica enokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-hydroxyl engaphezulu, njengoba kuhlolisiswe ukuthi ihlanganiswe kalula. Ngakho-ke, ngamaqembu e-hydroxyl engeziwe ku-compound, i-ejenti yokuhlanganisa i-silane encane iyadingeka futhi izici ezifanayo zemishini ziyagcinwa ngenkathi izindleko zehliswa.
4. Isigcwalisi
Kumakhomponi amhlophe agcwele i-TIO2, ezinye izigcwalisi ezimhlophe ezingabizi kakhulu (njengobumba olugezwe ngamanzi, i-calcium carbonate, i-ejenti emhlophe, njll.) zingacatshangelwa ukuthi zimiselele enye ye-TIO2, futhi inhlanganisela isazoba namandla athile okusibekela kanye nobumhlophe.
Ku-silica egcwele ama-tread compounds, ukufaka esikhundleni se-silica nge-carbon black-silica biphasic fillers nakho kunganciphisa izindleko ze-compound, ngoba kunganciphisa inani le-agent yokuhlanganisa i-silane, futhi kunciphise isinyathelo sokwelashwa kokushisa kwinqubo yokuxuba.
Ukugcwalisa irabha nge-calcium carbonate kuzonciphisa kakhulu izindleko zenjoloba. Ngokufanayo, ubumba luzonciphisa kakhulu izindleko ze-adhesive.
Nakuba ukuminyana kwe-talc (2.7g/cm3) kukhulu kunokwekhabhoni emnyama (1.8g/cm3), uma izingxenye ezingu-1.5 (ngesisindo) ze-talc zisetshenziswa esikhundleni sengxenye engu-1 (ngesisindo) sekhabhoni emnyama, izindleko zenhlanganisela zingancishiswa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-talc powder izokwandisa isivinini se-extrusion futhi ithuthukise okukhiphayo, okuzonciphisa ngokungaqondile izindleko.
5. Ukunciphisa ukuminyana
Imikhiqizo yenjoloba ngokuvamile inenani ngevolumu kunokuba ngesisindo. Uma ushintsha ifomula yerabha ukuze wenze ukuminyana kube phansi, kuyilapho ugcina intengo ngevolumu yeyunithi ingashintshiwe, unganciphisa ngokungaqondile izindleko. Isibonelo, ngokufaka i-NBR esikhundleni se-CR, izindleko zeyunithi ngayinye yevolumu yerabha ziyehla, inqobo nje uma ezinye izinguquko kunjoloba zingakhokhi le nzuzo yezindleko.
6. esikhundleni sokuhlanganisa okuyizinyathelo ezimbili nokuhlanganisa okuhlanganisayo.
Uma kungenzeka, ukufaka esikhundleni sokuhlanganisa okuzinyathelo ezimbili ngokuhlanganisa isinyathelo esisodwa ngokusebenzisa amasu okulawula amandla kanye nokuhlolwa kwamandla okusebenza ngempumelelo kunganciphisa izindleko.
7. Izinsiza zokucubungula
Ukusetshenziswa kwezinsiza zokucubungula kungathuthukisa isivinini se-extrusion noma i-calendering ye-compound, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphise izindleko.
8. Ukuhlanganisa i-FKM/ACM
Ukufaka esikhundleni se-FKM emsulwa ngenhlanganisela ye-FKM/ACM ye-peroxide (i-Dai-El AG-1530) kungenza irabha ibe nokushisa okungcono nokumelana nowoyela.
