Kuwongolera chitsandikiro pakati pa mphira ndi chitsulo ndi sayansi yosiyana, ndipo nthawi zina zimakhala zovuta kukwaniritsa. Ngakhale kugwirira koyambirira kumakhala bwino nthawi zina, kugwiririra, kugwirizanitsa, kutukwana ndi kukana chinyezi kumatha kukhala kovuta mukatha kukalamba. Kugwirira koyambirira sikuti kulosera kolondola kogwiritsira ntchito mukatha kukalamba. Kuphatikiza apo, kuyesa kolumikizira kokhazikika mu labotale sikuwonetsa mokwanira kutumikirana kwathunthu kwa mphira wazitsulo za mphira popanga.

Mlandu wofala kwambiri wa rabat ndi waya-waya-waya, womwe munjira iyi ndi waya wamkuwa, ndipo zitsulo zina za mphira zomwe zafotokozedwa pansipa. Mapulogalamu otsatirawa oyeserera kapena malingaliro amatha kusintha mgwirizano pakati pa mphira ndi chitsulo.

1. NR

Nthawi zambiri ngongole zachilengedwe zabwinobwino kwa waya wamkuwa.

2. Mchere wa Cobalt

Mchere wa cobalt nthawi zambiri umatha kuwonjezeredwa ku mikangano ya mphira kuti musinthe cholumikizira cha mphira kuti ukhale waya wamtambo wokwera. Mchere wa cobalt umakhudza kupanga kwa mkuwa pamtunda wa waya, womwe umathandizira 'khungwa Kuchulukitsa kuchuluka kwa mchere wa cobalt kumachepetsa chiberekero cha ukalamba ndikuthandizira sulfur vallization. M'malo mwake, kukulitsa kuchuluka kwa mchere wa cobabala kumathandiza koyambirira koma kumachepetsa kugwiriridwa pambuyo pa chinyezi. Chifukwa chake, kuti muchepetse zinthu zosiyanasiyana, ndikofunikira kusankha mchere woyenera wa cobabala, sulufule ndi kufulumizitsa.

3. Offccinol formaldehyde utondo ndi hexamethoxy melamine

Nthawi zambiri restorcyol formaldehyde ndi hexamethoxy Melamine amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mchere wamtundu wa cobalt kuti apititse patsogolo kugwirizanitsa koyambirira, chifukwa rf ndi rf kudzaza mu Stuosotion kuti muteteze chinyezi.

4. Sulfure yayikulu ndi kukwezedwa kotsika

Chifukwa chatsamba bwino za waya wachitsulo chamkuwa, ma sulfure opangidwa ndi zivundikiro kuti azikhala okwera pomwe othamanga ayenera kutsika kwambiri, chifukwa chotsimikizira kuti ma cux ali pa waya.

5. DCBS

Mu dongosolo la mphira wa mphira, ma DCB ndi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri, amatha kuchepetsa liwiro la ziphuphu kuposa ena a sul-sulfur amatsitsimutsa, ndipo motero amathandizira kukonza momwe mukugwirira ntchito. Onjezani kuchuluka kwa sulfure / dcbs, amatha kusintha magwiridwe antchito oyambira ndi chinyezi cholumikizira.

6. Silica

Mu waya wolumikizirana, zoyera za kaboni nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo mwa no wakuda zimatha kulimbikitsa mibadwo ya ZN pa mawonekedwe a Z ko.

7. Carbon Black N326

Mu waya wachitsulo wogwirizanitsa zomatira, N326 nthawi zambiri imasankha zomata zakuda, chifukwa kutsika kaboni iyi kumatha kupatsa mphamvu mphamvu yabwino kwambiri, ndipo kutsika kochepa kumatha kukhalanso ndi kulimbikitsidwa kwambiri, komanso kosavuta kulowa mu waya kukalimbikitsanso mgwirizano.

8. Stearic acid ndi zinc oxide mphamvu

Mu zomatira zomatira, ochuluka kwambiri acid amachepetsa zokhutiritsa pambuyo polumikizana ndi chiwidzi, makamaka pankhani yokwanira nambale. Acid ochuluka kwambiri amatha kuwononga mkuwa chifukwa chake amakhala ndi vuto la waya. Nthawi zambiri makanema a zinc oxide opangidwa pamtambo amasungunuka ndi acid. Kuti mupewe izi, acid acid iyenera kudyedwa mwachangu ndi zitsulo ndi zinc oxide osankhidwa kuti zichitike mwachangu kuti itha kuchita mwachangu ndi acid acid. Kuphatikiza apo, zinc oxide / stearic acid ziyenera kukhala zazitali.

9. Zotsatira za Vulcanization

Pambuyo powonjezera kutentha kwa chivundikiro kuchokera ku 130 ° C mpaka 190 ° C, mphamvu ya m'kutuwa ya mphira / waya umatsika moyenerera.

10.

Kugwiritsa ntchito kwa co-olota kumathandizanso kupinga kwa ma rubcan opukusira. Nthawi zina, kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa zinc methacrylate (Saret 633), thandizo lolowera, lothandizani katundu wa aluminium, zinc kapena mkuwa pamwamba pa mphira.

11. Mu neoprene ndi waya wopanda pake wolumikizira zomatira, kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa sulufule, nthawi zambiri magawo a sulfure, kuchuluka kwa sulufule pazinthu zachilengedwe nthawi zambiri kumakhala magawo atatu (misa).

12. Chithandizo cha Chitsulo

Pofuna kupeza katundu wabwino wa mphira ndi zitsulo, malo achitsulo ayenera kukhala oyera komanso amathandizidwa bwino musanagwiritse ntchito.