Pa'u malosi sui e lauiloa foi o le vulcanizing agent active. Ose mea fa'aletino po'o se mea fa'aola e fa'aaogaina e fa'agaoioi ai le fa'aoso fa'asao. E mafai ona faʻateleina le gafatia o le faʻavavevave, faʻaitiitia le aofaʻi o le faʻavavevave, ma faʻapuupuu le taimi vulcanization. O le tele o mea faʻaopoopo inorganic o oxides uʻamea, hydroxides ma carbonates faavae, e pei o le zinc oxide, lead oxide, calcium hydroxide, lead carbonate, ma isi, o le mea e sili ona taua i mea faʻapipiʻi faʻalaʻau o gaʻo gaʻo, sosoo ai ma amines, fasimoli, ma isi. E pei o le stearic acid, dibutyloleic acid amine, zinc stearate e itiiti ifo nai lo le mamafa 5.

Rubber Additives: Meatotino Auiliili, Tulaga lelei, ma Talosaga

1. Zinc Oxide (ZnO)

Meatotino:

• Pa'epa'e pa'epa'e e leai se manogi ma maualuga le kalave fa'apitoa (5.6 g/cm³).

• Liu liusuavai: 1,975°C; fa'ailoga fa'asolosolo: 2.008–2.029.

• High reactivity pei o se vulcanization activator.

• Uv-blocking ma antimicrobial meatotino.

Tulaga lelei:

• Faatelevaveina le sulfur vulcanization (faʻaitiitia le taimi faʻamalolo i le 20-30%).

• Faʻaleleia mea faʻainisinia (malosi tensile + 15-25%, elongation i le malologa + 10-15%).

• FDA-faʻamaonia mo talosaga faʻafesoʻotaʻi meaʻai (21 CFR 172.480).

• Siosiomaga (e le oona, toe fa'aaogaina).

Talosaga:

• Pa'u: Pa'u pa'u uamea fusipa'u (fa'aleleia le pipii i le va o le pa'u ma le sila).

• Vaevae: Fa'apipi'i pito i fafo (fa'aleleia le tete'e o le abrasion, ASTM D5963: 50–80 mm³ gau).

• Fomaʻi: Totigilima taʻavale (puipuiga antimicrobial, ASTM E2149).

• Fa'apipi'i: Fa'apipi'i u'amea i le u'amea (fa'ateleina le malosi o le pa'u ile 30–40%).

2. Phenolic Resin

Meatotino:

• Thermosetting polymer ma le maualuga o le crosslink density.

• Tete'e o le vevela: Fa'aauau le fa'aoga e o'o atu i le 180°C (250°C vavao).

• Maualuluga maualuga (modulus: 2-4 GPa) ma faʻamautu tulaga.

• Tete'e vaila'au i acids, faavae, ma solvents.

Tulaga lelei:

• Tuuina atu le faʻamalosia faʻavae (faʻateleina le maaa i le 10–20 Shore A).

• Fa'asa'o mu (UL94 V-0 fua fa'atatau e aunoa ma ni fa'aopoopoga halogen).

• Tau-lelei fa'atusatusa i mea fa'apitoa thermoplastics.

• Fa'atonu faiga fa'amalolo (acid-catalyzed po'o le vevela-activated).

Talosaga:

• Pa'u: Fa'apipi'i puipui i autafa (fa'aleleia le tete'e tipi, ASTM D624).

• Fu'u Fa'aaogāina: Fu'u fe'avea'i mo si'osi'omaga vevela maualuga (fa'ata'ita'iga, la'au sima).

• Mea Fa'a Fe'ese'esega: Pa'u taofi (fa'atumauina le fa'atatau o fe'ese'esea'i ile 0.35–0.45 i lalo ole 200°C).

• Fa'amea: Fa'amau oneone (fa'aitiitia le fa'aosoina o kasa a'o lafo).