Ububi obuvelele be-fluoroelastomer (FKM) ukumelana nezinga lokushisa eliphansi eliphansi. Izinga lokushisa eliphansi lokuhoxisa izinga lokushisa (TR10) le-FKM kanambambili ngokuvamile lingu -18 ukuya ku -16 ℃, futhi izinga lokushisa lokushintsha kwengilazi (Tg) lingu -20 ℃; ukumelana nezinga lokushisa eliphansi kwe-ternary FKM kubi kakhulu kunalokho kwe-FKM kanambambili. Uhlobo olukhethekile lwezinga lokushisa eliphansi le-FKM linokumelana okuhle kwezinga lokushisa eliphansi, kodwa intengo iphezulu kakhulu.
I-FKM ku-ASTM D 2000-2012 'isistimu yokuhlukaniswa kwemikhiqizo yenjoloba yezimoto' yemikhiqizo yezinga le-M2, M5, M6 edingekayo ukuze kudlule isivivinyo sezinga lokushisa eliphansi le-F15 (-25 ℃), imikhiqizo yebanga le-M4 edingekayo ukuze kuphumelele isivivinyo sezinga lokushisa eliphansi F17 (-4) . Eminyakeni yamuva, imikhiqizo eminingi ye-FKM iyadingeka ukuze ihlangabezane nezidingo zakho zombili izinga lokushisa eliphezulu (250-275 ℃) kanye nokushisa okuphansi kwe-embrittlement F15 noma F17. Indlela engcono kakhulu ukusebenzisa izinga lokushisa eliphansi le-FKM, elifana ne-brittleness lokushisa -45 ~ -40 ℃ I-Viton GLT yohlobo lwe-FKM, kodwa lokhu kusebenza kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu kwe-FKM kubi futhi intengo inzima ukwenza imakethe yamukeleke. Ngokwenza ngcono ukusebenza kwezinhlanganisela kanambambili ze-FKM zingahlangabezana ngesikhathi esisodwa nezidingo zokumelana nokushisa okuphansi nokuphezulu, futhi izindleko nazo zinengqondo, isiphenduke indawo eshisayo yocwaningo.
Leli phepha lihlaziya ukucaciswa kokusebenza kwezinga lokushisa eliphansi kwe-FKM kwe-Tg, TR10 kanye nezinga lokushisa eliqinile (Tbri) lobudlelwano phakathi kwabafundi abathola iziqu, izigcwalisi, inqubo yokuhlanganisa, njll. kokunamathela kwe-FKM kanambambili kanye ne-ternary ye-FKM yokusebenza okunokushisa okuphansi kwethempelesha ukuze kulungiselelwe ukunamatheliswa kwereferensi ye-FKM engaphansi kwezinga lokushisa eliphansi ukuze kuhlinzekwe okunamathelayo kwereferensi ye-FKM!
1. Ukucaciswa kwezakhiwo ze-FKM ezifaka izinga lokushisa eliphansi
I-Rubber ine-deformation eguquguqukayo, ingaveza ukuguqulwa okukhulu ngaphansi kwesenzo samandla amancane angaphandle, futhi ingabuyiselwa esimweni sayo sokuqala ngemva kokukhipha amandla angaphandle, ngakho-ke isetshenziswa kabanzi. Nokho, njengoba izinga lokushisa lincipha, ukunwebeka kwenjoloba kancane kancane kuyawohloka, futhi lapho ifika ku-Tg, irabha ilahlekelwa ukunwebeka kwayo futhi ihluleke. Ngenxa yezinhlobonhlobo zemikhiqizo yenjoloba, ngesikhathi sokusebenzisa kungase kube nomthelela, ukungezwani, ukugunda, ukukhwehlela, ukuqhunyiswa, ukuhuzuka, njll., ukusebenza kwayo kokushisa okuphansi kwe-embrittlement kufanele kusekelwe esimweni sayo sokusebenza ukuze kukhethwe indlela yokuhlola efanele. Izindlela ezijwayelekile zokuhlola ukusebenza kwe-imbrittlement yezinga lokushisa eliphansi zifaka ukuhlolwa kwe-Tg, ukuhlolwa kokushisa komthelela, isivivinyo sokuhoxisa izinga lokushisa eliphansi, isivivinyo sezinga lokushisa eliphansi le-torsional rigidity (ukuhlolwa kwe-Gimen), ukumelana nokuhlolwa okunwebekayo nokubanda, ukuhlola ubulukhuni bezinga lokushisa eliphansi, ukuwohloka unomphela kokucindezelwa kwezinga lokushisa eliphansi kanye nokuhlolwa kokukhululeka kwengcindezi, njll.
Ukumelana nokushisa okuphansi kwe-FKM kungabonakala nge-Tg, Tbri, TR10 kanye ne-Torsion Temperature ekushiseni okuphansi (TGem), njll. Le mingcele inezincazelo ezahlukene kodwa inobudlelwano obuthile komunye nomunye.
(1) I-Tg izinga lokushisa lapho irabha ishintsha khona ukusuka kusimo sokunwebeka kakhulu ukuya endaweni eyingilazi kanye nesimo esiyingilazi ukuya esimweni sokunwebeka kakhulu, okuvame ukubonisa ukunyakaza okuncanyana kwamaketanga engqamuzana lerabha.
(2) I-Tbri izinga lokushisa lapho kungekho monakalo owenzeka kurabha ngaphansi kwezimo ezishiwo zokuguquguquka kwamandla okuthinta, ngokuvamile okubonisa amandla enjoloba ukuze isetshenziswe emazingeni okushisa aphansi kanye nekhono layo lokumelana nomonakalo.
(3) I-TR10 isetshenziselwa ukuhlola i-viscoelasticity kanye nomphumela we-crystallization wenjoloba emazingeni okushisa aphansi, futhi ngokuvamile ibonisa izinga lokushisa eliphansi kakhulu lapho into yerabha ingagcina ukutholakala kwayo okunwebekayo.
(4) I-TGem isebenzisa intambo yensimbi yensimbi ene-torsional constant eyaziwayo njengento eyireferensi ukuze isonte isifanekiso nge-engeli enkulu, kuyilapho izinga lokushisa lincipha, imodulus yenjoloba iyanda, ukuqina kuyanda, futhi i-engeli ye-torsion yehla ize ifike lapho ingajiki khona ku-Tg. I-angle ye-torsion yerabha ngokuya ngokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa ingahlola ukusebenza kwayo kwezinga lokushisa eliphansi, ngokuvamile ibonise izinga lokushisa eliphansi kakhulu lapho irabha igcina ukunwebeka kwayo.
2 FKM Tg, TR10 kanye nobudlelwano phakathi kwe-Tbri
Amapharamitha wokusebenza okushisa okuphansi kwe-FKM asetshenziswa kakhulu yi-Tg, TR10 kanye ne-Tbri, umphakeli uvamise ukusebenzisa ipharamitha i-Tg ne-TR10, i-ASTM yamukela ipharamitha i-Tbri, kunomehluko othile kanye nobudlelwano phakathi kwalaba abathathu.
2. 1 Ubudlelwano phakathi kwe-Tg ne-TR10
I-TR10 yebanga ngalinye le-FKM iseduze ne-Tg (umehluko awukho ngaphezu kuka-3 ℃), okubonisa ukuthi kokubili i-Tg ne-TR10 ingabonisa ukunyakaza okunezinga lokushisa eliphansi kanye nezinga lokushisa lengilazi leketango lamangqamuzana erabha.
2.2 Ubudlelwano phakathi kokuqukethwe kwefluorine kwe-FKM kanye nezakhiwo ze-embrittlement zezinga lokushisa eliphansi
Ku-FKM kanambambili kanye ne-ternary, i-TR10 iyanda ngokwanda kokuqukethwe kwe-fluorine; lapho i-monomer yesine, i-PMVE, yethulwa, okuqukethwe kwayo kunethonya elikhulu ku-TR10.
Okuqukethwe kwayo kunomthelela omkhulu ku-TR10. Nakuba ukwanda kokuqukethwe kwe-fluorine kungathuthukisa umkhawulo ongaphezulu wokushisa wokusetshenziswa kwe-FKM, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngenxa yebhondi ye-CF ithatha indawo yebhondi ye-CH, kunciphisa ukuthambile kweketango lamangqamuzana nokusebenza okuphansi kwezinga lokushisa kwerabha.
2.3 Ithonya lama-filler kuzakhiwo ze-embrittlement ezisezingeni eliphansi zenhlanganisela ye-FKM
I-Carbon black N774 adhesive ine-Tbri ephansi kakhulu kanye nokumelana okungcono kakhulu kwezinga lokushisa eliphansi; i-zinc oxide adhesive ine-Tbri ephakeme kakhulu kanye nokumelana okubi kakhulu kwezinga lokushisa eliphansi; ukusebenza kwe-embrittlement yokushisa okuphansi kwezinhlobo ezinhlanu zokunamathela akuhlukani kakhulu. Ngemva kokuhlaziya, ngemva kokwengeza izigcwalisi ezihlukene, igebe nesakhiwo phakathi kwamaketanga e-FKM amangqamuzana ahlukile, futhi ukusebenza okuhambisanayo kwe-embrittlement esezingeni eliphansi lokushisa kuhlukile.
Ngemva kokuhlaziya, ngemva kokwengeza ama-fillers ahlukene, izikhala nezakhiwo phakathi kwamaketanga e-FKM amangqamuzana ahlukile, futhi izakhiwo ezihambisanayo zokushisa okuphansi kwe-embrittlement zihlukile, futhi isigcwalisi esinenani elincane lenjoloba sinokuqukethwe kwejeli okukhulu kanye nokumelana okungcono kwezinga lokushisa eliphansi.
2.4 Umthelela wenqubo yokuxuba kuzakhiwo ze-embrittlement ezisezingeni eliphansi zezinhlanganisela ze-FKM
Inqubo yokuxuba iphinde ibe nomthelela emazingeni okushisa aphansi e-embrittlement ye-FKM compounds. Ukwenza ipulasitiki ngaphambi kokuxuba kungathola ukuguquguquka kwe-molecule yerabha kangcono
Ukumelana nokushisa okuphansi kwe-compound kungathuthukiswa nge-plasticizing ngaphambi kokuxuba. Ukwelashwa kwe-Thin pass ngemuva kokuthi i-compound ipakiwe kungathuthukisa izakhiwo zokuhlakazeka zama-fillers nama-compatibilizers, futhi kuthuthukise ukumelana nezinga lokushisa eliphansi. Ngokuvamile, uma ukubumba isikhathi eside, i-Mooney viscosity yerabha iyancipha. Ukwandisa inani lezikhathi zokubumba kuzonciphisa i-Tg yerabha, kodwa lo mkhuba awubalulekile, futhi awukho umehluko obalulekile phakathi kwe-Tg ne-Tbri yerabha ye-FKM enenani elihlukile lezikhathi zokubumba.
3 Isiphetho
(1) I-Tg ye-FKM iseduze naleyo ye-TR10, engabonisa ukunyakaza okuphansi kwezinga lokushisa kwe-FKM yengqamuzana yengqamuzana lokushisa kanye nezinga lokushisa lengilazi, futhi i-Tbri iphansi kunaleyo ye-Tg ne-TR10.
ingaphansi kuka-Tg no-TR10.
(2) Isakhiwo sokushisa esiphansi se-peroxide sulfurized high fluorine FKM singcono, futhi izinga lokushisa eliphansi le-embrittlement impahla ye-bisphenol kanambambili sulfurized FKM yimbi kakhulu.
(3) Irabha ye-FKM egcwele ikhabhoni emnyama i-N774 inokumelana okungcono nezinga lokushisa eliphansi; irabha enenani elincane lokugcwalisa inokuqukethwe kwejeli ephezulu kanye nokumelana okungcono kwezinga lokushisa eliphansi.
(4) Inani lezikhathi zokubumba linomthelela omncane endaweni ye-embrittlement esezingeni eliphansi yezinhlanganisela ze-FKM.
