Kenyelletso
Potso, 'na li-rabara li ka etsoa ntle le lifate? Ha likhoere tsa lefatše tsa rabara li ntse li tsoela pele ho tsamaisoa ke indasteri e kang ea li-rati ea tlhaho, tse ngata tsa setso sa Hevea Brasibele. Matšoenyeho a potileng ho se buseleha ha meru, mefuta-futa ea merafong le litlamorao tsa boitšoaro tsa tlhahiso ea rabara li na le ho batla mehloli ea mefuta e meng. Ha re fumana hore ho hlahisa rabara ntle le ho itšetleha ka lifate, mesebetsing e meng ea bo-chele e fokotsang naha ea maiketsetso.
Ho utloisisa phetoho ho tlhokahalo ea tlhaho ho ea raraba ea moea e hloka tlhahlobo e felletseng ea indasteri ea meralo ea meralo le mahlale a hlaha ka tlhahiso ea syntheta. Ka ho sekaseka tsoelo-pele ea makhoba a lik'hemik'hale, ho kenyelletsa le poone ea pentivamical, pampiri ena e ikemiselitse ho fana ka mekhoa ea indasteri le likonteraka tse ka fanang ka limpho tsa pherekano. Ho feta moo, lihokela tsa kahare tse kang rabara ea synthetatic, Tharollo ea rabara , 'me Lihlahisoa tsa rabara li tla behiloe ka har'a pampiri ena ho ntlafatsa kutloisiso ea rona ea liketsahalo tsena.
BackgroUnd mabapi le tlhahiso ea rabara
Rabara ea tlhaho: mokhoa oa histori
Raber ea tlhaho e bile sekhutlo sa nts'etsopele ea indasteri ho tloha ka ho fumana khoebo ea eona lekholong la bo19 la lilemo. Ha e le hantle ho tloha Latex e bokelloang ho tsoa ho thepa ea HEVA Brasilienss, Rubber ea tlhaho e na le lintho tse ikhethang tsa 'mele, e tsoang mabili a likoloi. Leha ho le joalo, joalo ka ha tlhokahalo e ile ea hola, ka hona tšusumetso ea tikoloho ea masimo a rabara. Ho fanoa le merusu e kholo ho amohela metseng ea rabara e hokahane le khatello ea liketsahalo tsa khale, e lebisang mekhoa ea tlhahiso ea rabara.
Ho phahama ha rabara ea synthetatic
Ho qaptjoa ha rabara la maiketsetso nakong ea Ntoa ea II ea Lefatše ho ile ha tšoaea phetoho ea bohlokoa khoebong ea Rubber. Ka lijo tsa rabara tsa tlhaho tse khaotsoeng ka lebaka la likhohlano tse hlomallang, mekhoa e meng ea maiketsetso e ile ea ba ea bohlokoa. Kenya maikutlo a tsoang ho liphoofolo tsa peterochemical joalo ka styrene-Bulybumane le polybuene le polybuene le polybutene Kajeno, li-account tsa rabara tse fetang 60% ea tlhahiso ea lefats'e ea lefats'e, e totobatsang bohlokoa ba eona e le ketso e sebetsang.
Leha e le Melemo ea Hae, Rubber ea maiketsetso ha e na mathata. Ho itšetleha ka batho ba fossil bakeng sa tlhahiso ha ho mamella ho tšoenyehile ka masene a khathatsang ka khabone le ho tsilatsila. Ho feta moo, merabe ea maiketsetso hangata e haelloa ke mokhoa o makatsang le ho ipheta ha rabara ea tlhaho, ho fokotsa kopo ea bona indastering e itseng. Leha ho le joalo, lipatlisiso tse sa khaotseng ho boenjiniere ba lik'hemik'hale le tsa Polymer li buang ka litaba tsena ka ho hlahisa merabe e tsoetseng pele e nang le thepa e ntlafalitsoeng e nang le thepa e ntlafalitsoeng e nang le thepa e ntlafalitsoeng e nang le thepa e ntlafalitsoeng e nang le thepa e ntlafalitsoeng e nang le thepa e ntlafalitsoeng.
Mefuta e Mefuta e Mefuta ea Li-comber
Nts'etsopele ea li-polymers tse thehiloeng ho bio-tse thehiloeng ho bio
Aevenue e le 'ngoe e tšepisang ea ho hlahisa rabara ntle le lifate ke nts'etsopele ea li-polymer tse thehiloeng ho bio-they. Lisebelisoa tsena li tsoa ho lisebelisoa tse khutlisoang joalo ka limela, kapa li-microorganisms, li fana ka mofuta o mong o tsitsitseng ho lieta tse tsitsitseng tsa tlhaho le pettrochemical. Mohlala, Polyisoprene - Mofuta oa maiketsetso oa rabara oa tlhaho - a ka hlahisoa o sebelisa lits'ebetso tsa motlakase tsa tlhaho tse fetolang likepe tsa polyers.
Li-Polymers tse thehiloeng ho Bio-Bio ha li felise ka botšepehi ho batho ba fossil ea khale empa e fana ka melemo e nepahetseng mabapi le tšusumetso ea liphoofolo tsa phetetso le liphoso tsa tikoloho. Leha ho le joalo, mathata a ntse a lekola tlhahiso ea tlhahiso ea litaba tsa indasteri le ho netefatsa hore lithupa tse ipatileng li tsamaisana le litšobotsi tsa khale tsa likoetlisi. Boiteko bo sa khaotseng le tsoelo-pele ba tsepamisitse maikutlo ho e khothatsang lits'ebetso tsena ho theha lihlahisoa tse ntle tsa khoebo.
Li-sorivamamical li-sorivamaties ka tlhahiso ea rabara
Li-sorivaties tsa Petrochemical li ntse li tsoela pele ho bapala karolo ea bohlokoa tlhahisong ea li-rublegre tsa maiketsetso. Lisebelisoa tse kang Edylene-Diene Monommer (EPDRene-Butrine-Butrine-Butrine-Butriele Rubber Barekisi bana ba maiketsetso ba ratoa haholo ke ho tšoarella ha bona, ho hanyetsa maemo a feteletseng, le boitlamo bo theko e boima.
Leha ho le joalo, litlamorao tsa tikoloho ea tikoloho ea Petrochemical e ke keng ea hlokomolohuoa. Ho tlosoa le ho sebetsa ha mafura a Fossil ho kenya letsoho ho tsoa ho mafura a futhumatsang khase le lipente tse ling tsa tikoloho. Ntle le moo, li-ruble tsa Petrochemical ha li bidegradation, e lebisang ho litsobotsi ka taolo ea litšila le tšilafalo. Kahoo, ho na le thahasello e ntseng e eketseha ea ho hlaolela mefuta e meng e tsitsitseng e sa sijoeng ka ts'ebetsong kapa litšenyehelo.
Lits'ebetso tsa mahlale a polymer
Tsoelo-pele ea mahlale a polymer e ntse e khanna ho ipholla ha mefuta e mecha ea mefuta e mecha ea lik'hemi tsa lik'hemik'hale tse ka beng li e-ja lijo tsa tlhaho ka ho felletseng. Sebaka se le seng sa ho tsepamisa mohopolo ke sets'oants'o sa li-copolymers-li-polymers tse entsoeng ho tsoa ho li-monomers tse peli kapa ho feta tse hlophisitsoeng ka lithibelo - tse fanang ka thepa e lakatsehang e tsoang karolong e 'ngoe le e' ngoe.
Mohlala, Thermopmermers ea Thermoplane (TVpes) e kopanya elasticity ea rabara ka ts'ebetso ea lipolanete, e etsa hore e be litšebeletso tse fapaneng. Ho feta moo, lipatlisiso ka lebaka la li-nanoscape li kenyelletsa baetsi ba Nanoscale ba kenang pompong - ba bontšitse ka lebaka la matla a bona a maiketsetso a maiketsetso a bona.
LITLHAKISO TSA BOPHELO
Liphephetso tse matlafatsang tlhahiso ea rabara
Joalo ka ho lemoha ha lefatše ka litaba tsa tikoloho ho hola, ho boloka tlhahiso ea rabara ho tlisitsoe kencheng e eketsehileng. Tlhahiso ea rabara ea tlhaho e amahanngoa le ho resa ha meru, ho lahleheloa ke mefuta-futa ea limela le maemo a limela le maemo a bocha a ho hlahisa linaha. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, tlhahiso ea rabera ea raraba ea maiketsetso e itšetleha haholo ka mafura a bata haholo, a kenya letsoho ho tsoa ha Carbon le ho senya tikoloho.
Ho sebetsana le mathata ana, baetsi ba indasteri ba hlahloba maano a fapaneng a ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea rabara. Tsena li kenyelletsa ho ntlafatsa litloaelo tsa temo hotseng ba morabe, ho nts'etsapele lits'ebetso tsa mofuta o sebetsang haholoanyane tsa boitšoaro ba moea, le tsetela lipatlisisong tse ling tse thehiloeng ho bio-theying.
Tlhahlobo ea bophelo ea bophelo (LCA) ea lihlahisoa tsa rabara
Sesebelisoa sa Bophelo sa Bophelo (LCA) ke sesebelisoa sa bohlokoa sa ho hlahloba ts'usumetso ea tikoloho ea lihlahisoa tsa liboko tsa libopuoa tsohle tsa bophelo bohle ba bophelo bohle. Ka ho hlahloba lintlha tse kang tšebeliso ea matla, e entsoe khase ea metsi a futhumatsang metsi, LCA e fana ka pono e felletseng ea mefuta ea tikoloho ea rabara ea rabara.
LCAs ea morao-rao e bapisa li-ruberger tsa tlhaho le tsa maiketsetso li totobalitse liphatlalatso tsa khoebo tse amanang le ho khetha mofuta o mong ho o mong. Le ha rabara ea tlhaho e ka ba le leoto le ka tlase la khase ka lebaka la tšimoloho ea eona e kholo, hangata e amahanngoa le tšebeliso e phahameng ea metsi le mosebetsi oa mobu ka lebaka la mekhoa ea temo. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, li-ruberger tsa maiketsetso li kanna tsa ba le lisioni tse phahameng tsa khabone ka lebaka la tšebeliso ea mafura a sefako empa li hloka lisebelisoa tse fokolang le lisebelisoa tsa metsi.
Bokamoso ba tlhahiso ea rabara ntle le lifate
Tenolo e hlahang
Bokamoso ba tlhahiso ea rabara ntle le lifate li haella ka nts'etsopele ea mahlale le khoebong ea mahlale a ntlafalitsoeng a fana ka mekhoa e meng e hlophisehileng ho li-ruri tsa petrochemical. Har'a mahlale a Mahlale o thusa ho hlahisoa ha Polyisoprene - karolo ea mantlha ea likokoana-hloko tse kang likokoana-hloko tse kang libaktheria kapa tomoso.
Sebaka se seng se ts'episang ke ts'ebeliso ea li-feedtock tse nchafatsoang tse kang semela kapa litšila tsa temo ho hlahisa li-e ruiloeng tse tšoanang le tsa li-ruble tse tšoanang. Ho feta moo, tsoelo-pele ea lik'hemik'hale e ka bula tsela ea lits'ebetso tse koahetsoeng moo lihlahisoa tsa liboko li senyehileng teng ebe u kenella ka thepa e ncha.
Litlamorao tsa Mmaraka bakeng sa batsamaisi ba 'maraka
Bakeng sa baetsi ba indasteri - ho kopanyelletsa le liforomo, balekane - ba fetohela ho linyeoe tsa libope tsa mahala tsa sefate ho hlahisa mathata le menyetla. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, ho ikamahanya le lisebelisoa tse ncha ho ka hloka matsete a maholo lipatlisisong le ntlafatsong le ntlafatso le liphetoho tsa lits'ebetso tse teng tsa tlhahiso. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, mefuta e meng e kopaneng e ka fana ka pheletso ea tlholisano ka ho kopana le tumello e ntseng e hola ea bareki ea bareki bakeng sa lihlahisoa tsa boikarabello ba tikoloho.
Ho feta moo, likhatello tsa taolo li ka eketseha e le mebuso ho potoloha lefatše ho kenya maemo a tikoloho le ho khothaletsa batho ba itšetlehileng ka bona raba raba . Ka ho lula ka pele ho mekhoa ena ka ho khotsofatsa mahlale le thepa ea thepa le lisebelisoa tse ncha, likhamphani li ka iphumana bakeng sa katleho ea nako e telele ea potoloho ea nako e telele.
Sephetho
Potso ea '' e ka ba rabara e entsoe ntle le lifate? Le ha tsoelo-pele ea bohlokoa e se e hlahisitsoe ka mekhoa e meng e kang likokoana-hloko tse tsoang ho likopi tsa likompele kapa ho feta likopo tse ngata tsa marang-rang.
Qetellong, ha lipatlisiso li ntse li tsoela pele ho rua molemo ka mefuta e meng e tsitsitseng joalo ka mekhoa ea lik'hemik'hale kapa e nang le botsoalle bakeng sa ho fihlela melao ea ts'ebetso e le kannete kajeno! Ho hlakile hore ba amohelang liphetoho tsena ba tla iphumana ba le bonolo haholo tlholisano e tsamaeang ka thata ho ea pele - haholo Mulliers e ntseng e hola ea bareki letsatsi le letsatsi joale ho bonahala! Bakeng sa ba shebang ho fihlela theknoloji e tsoang ho sehlooho sena-kapa ho batla lithahasello tsena ka nepo -e 'nete, netefatsa likarolo tse amehang tse fumanehang mona Tharollo ea Raw-Rubber, Lisebelisoa tse ikhethileng tsa kopo le lihlooho tse ling tse amanang le lenane la rona la lihlahisoa tsa lihlahisoa tsa ka mpeng le tsona tsa marang-rang le tsona!
