Chiyambi

Funso, 'Kodi mphira uzipangidwa popanda mitengo? Monga momwe dziko lonse lapansi likufunira ndikuyendetsedwa ndi mafakitale monga mafakitale, Aerospace, ndi ogula zinthu zamkuwa za hema a Brasilies, nkhope ikuwonjezera yosawoneka bwino. Zokhudza kudula mitengo kwa mitengo yamiyala, kutaya kwamtundu mitundu, komanso tanthauzo la kusintha kwa mphira kumathandizira kusaka magwero ena. Mu pepala ili, timasamala kuti tizitha kupanga mphira popanda kungodalira mitengo, ndikuyang'ana momwe zinthu ziliri popanga njira zopangira komanso zamankhwala zomwe zimapangitsa kuti makampani azikhala pamavuto.

Kumvetsetsa Kusintha Kwachilengedwe Kuti Nyala Zopangidwa Izi zimapangitsa kuti kuyesa kwathunthu kwa malonda abizinesi abizinesi ndi matekinolojekiti omwe amatuluka muzopanga zopangira mphira. Mwa kusanthula zomwe zachitika mu mphira wa mankhwala, kuphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito zotumphukira za petrochemical ndi ma polio, pepalali likufuna kupereka zomwe amapanga, ndi ogawana nawo pozindikira zam'tsogolo komanso zomwe zingachitike maunyolo apamtsogolo. Kuphatikiza apo, maulalo amkati monga Kupanga mphira, Mayankho a mphira , ndipo Zinthu za mphira zidzaikidwa bwino pepalali kuti muwonjezere kumvetsetsa kwathu za izi.

Mbiri Yopanga rabara

Mphira wachilengedwe: Maganizo a mbiri yakale

Mtengo wachilengedwe wakhala mwala wapamwamba wa mafakitale kuyambira kupezeka kwawo komanso malonda m'zaka za zana la 19. Amatengedwa makamaka kuchokera ku latex yotengedwa kuchokera ku BUSSA BRASILILILISH, rabalusa wachilengedwe wokhala ndi zinthu zapadera zomwe zapangitsa kuti zikhale zofunika kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zosiyanasiyana, kuchokera ku matayala okha ku zida zamankhwala. Komabe, monga momwe zimafunira, momwemonso chilengedwe cha nkhalango rabani. Kudula mitengo yayikulu kwambiri kuti zigwirizane ndi mitengo ya rabani kwalumikizidwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yazomera ndi kuwonongeka kwa zachilengedwe, kumapangitsa kuti anthu azingopanga njira zopangira mphira.

Kuchuluka kwa mphira

Kubwera kwa mphira wakodzola pa Nkhondo Yadziko II idasinthira kofunikira mu malonda. Ndi zinthu zachilengedwe zodulidwa chifukwa cha zovuta za geopolical, kusintha njira zina zinasafunikira. Matenda ochokera ku setrochemical medestocks monga styrene-butadiene ndi polybutsiedene, zopangidwa ndi polybutsiedene, zopangidwa ndi zowonjezera zachilengedwe koma ndikulimbana ndi mafuta. Masiku ano, zopanga maakalasi a rubrung za zoposa 60% ya kupanga zida zapadziko lonse lapansi, ndikuwonetsa kufunika kwake ngati njira inayake.

Ngakhale anali ndi zabwino, kupangira range rababi sikuli popanda zovuta zake. Kudalirika pa mafuta opangira zinthu zakale zopanga kumabweretsa nkhawa za mpweya wa kaboni komanso kukhazikika. Kuphatikiza apo, kupanga opaleshoni yopangidwa nthawi zambiri kumasowa kwambiri komanso kulimba mtima kwa mphira wachilengedwe, kumalepheretsa ntchito yawo m'makampani ena. Komabe, kafukufuku wopitilira mu zamankhwala ndi polymer sayansi ikuthana ndi mavuto awa popanga opaleshoni yapamwamba yopangidwa ndi zinthu zopangidwa bwino.

Mitundu ya mankhwala

Kukula kwa ma polio

Njira imodzi yolonjeza yopanga mphira yopanda mitengo ndiyo kukula kwa ma poity. Zipangizozi zimachokera ku zinthu zokonzanso zomera monga, algae, kapena tizilombo tokha, ndikupereka njira yokhazikika ku rubber ndi ma petters okhazikika. Mwachitsanzo, polyisoprene - mtundu wa mphira wachilengedwe - tsopano akhoza kupangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira zopondera zoopsa zomwe zimatembenukira dzuwa m'matumbo.

Ma poio-okhazikika a Bio samangochepetsa kudalira mafuta zakale komanso amathandizanso mapindu omwe amatha malinga ndi kusintha kwa biodegradibidi yovuta. Komabe, mavuto amakhalabe popanga zopanga zamakampani ndikuwonetsetsa kuti opukutira obisala okhala ndi bio amafanana ndi magwiridwe antchito. Kufufuza kosalekeza ndi chitukuko kumayang'ana pakukhazikitsa njira zopangira zinthu zothandiza.

Zotumphukira zotumphukira zopanga mphira

Zosasinthika zochokera ku Perurochemi zipitilizabe kusewera gawo lopanga chidwi pakupanga opaleshoni yopanga. Zipangizo monga Ethylene-Propylene Monomer (EPDM), styrene-yadiene rabara (SBR), ndi Nitrile Mediene rabara (NBR) amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazogulitsa zamagalimoto. Izi zopangidwazi zimayatsidwa chifukwa chokwanira, kukana mikhalidwe yambiri, komanso kugwira mphamvu.

Komabe, kutanthauza zachilengedwe kwa oponya opanga ma petrochemical sangathe kunyalanyazidwa. Kuchotsa ndi kukonza kwa mafuta osungirako zinthu zakale kumathandizira kuti mpweya wabwino ukhale ndi mpweya wabwino. Kuphatikiza apo, ma ruble odetsedwa-a petrochemical sakhala bioidergradgle, omwe amachititsa nkhawa za kayendetsedwe ka zinyalala ndi kuipitsidwa. Mwakutero, pamakhala chidwi chokula popanga njira zina zosakhalitsa zomwe sizikugwirizana ndi magwiridwe antchito kapena mtengo.

Zowonjezera mu polymer sayansi

Kupita patsogolo kwa sayansi ya polymer sikuyendetsa bwino pakukula kwa mitundu yatsopano ya ma rubler a mankhwala omwe amatha kubwezeretsa konse. Dera limodzi loyang'ana kwambiri pobowole - ma polity opangidwa kuchokera ku monommers awiri kapena kupitilira omwe amakonzedwa m'mabodi - omwe amapereka kuphatikiza kwa zinthu zabwino kuchokera ku chinthu chilichonse.

Mwachitsanzo, elastomers elastomers (mapesi) amaphatikiza zotupa za mphira ndi mawonekedwe a mapulaji, kuwapangitsa kukhala oyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, kafukufuku wa Nanocomtites - zida zomwe zimayika mafayilo a Nanoscale mu ma polima - akuwonetsa lonjezo pakulimbitsa makina a opaleshoni yopanga mphamvu zawo pochepetsa mphamvu zawo.

Maganizo a chilengedwe

Mavuto Okhazikika M'mavuto a mphira

Pamene kudziwitsa padziko lonse lapansi kwa nkhani zachilengedwe kumakula, kukhazikika kwa kupanga kwa mphira kwabwera pansi pang'onopang'ono. Kupanga kwachilengedwe kwachilengedwe kumagwirizanitsidwa ndi kudula mitengo, kuwonongeka kwa mitundu, ndi zovuta zachilengedwe monga mikangano ndi malo antchito m'maiko omwe amapanga. Kumbali inayo, kupanga zopangidwa ndi mphira kumadalira kwambiri mafuta ofutukulani, omwe amathandizira kuwonongeka kwa kaboni ndi kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe.

Kuti athane ndi mavutowa, omwe akuchita nawo malonda akufufuza njira zosiyanasiyana zothandizira kukhala ndi mphamvu yopanga mphira. Izi zimaphatikizapo kukonza minda yazaulimi muminda yachilengedwe, ndikupanga njira zopangira mphira zowoneka bwino, ndikuyika ndalama pakufufuza kwa njira zina zochokera ku Bio.

Kuwunika kwa moyo (LCA) kwa zinthu za mphira

Kuwunika kwa moyo (LCA) ndi chida chofunikira pakuwunika chilengedwe cha zinthu za rabani nthawi yonse yomwe adalipo, kuchokera ku zowonjezera zazomwe zimatayidwa kapena kukonzanso. Mwa kuyesa zinthu monga mphamvu zamagetsi, kugwiritsa ntchito madzi mpweya, kugwiritsa ntchito madzi, ndi mawonekedwe owononga.

LCAS yaposachedwa yopanga ma rubble komanso opangidwa mwaluso awonetsa malonda omwe amakhudzidwa posankha mtundu wina kuposa wina. Ngakhale kuti mphira wachilengedwe umatha kukhala ndi mawonekedwe a kaboni otsika, nthawi zambiri imagwirizanitsidwa ndi ntchito zochulukirapo zamadzi komanso zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha kubisalama. Mofananamo, kupanga opaleshoni yopangidwa kumatha kukhala ndi mpweya wambiri chifukwa cha mafuta ogwiritsa ntchito mofatsa koma amafunikira malo ochepa ndi madzi.

Tsogolo la kupanga mphira wopanda mitengo

Tekinolojeni ikutuluka

Tsogolo la mphira wopanda mitengo lopanda kanthu limagona popitilizabe komanso malonda a matekinoloje abwino omwe amapereka njira zina zachilengedwe komanso zopumira. Mwa matekinolokiyi awa ndi njira zopindika za boeisopreoprene zomwe zimapangitsa kupanga kwa polysoprene - gawo lalikulu la mphira lachilengedwe pogwiritsa ntchito tizilombo ngati mabakiteriya kapena yisiti.

Malo ena olongosola ndi kugwiritsa ntchito madyedwe osinthanso ngati mafuta azomera kapena malo osungirako zaulimi kuti apange elastomers yopangidwa ndi ma biostor ndi katundu wofanana ndi asitikali azikhalidwe. Kuphatikiza apo, kupita patsogolo kwamankhwala kubwezeretsanso kumatha kuyika njira yotsekera madoko otsekeka komwe kumagwiritsa ntchito rabara kumang'ambika m'malo mwatsopano ndikuyikanso polymer mu zinthu zatsopano.

Misika Yamsika ya Opanga Makampani

Kwa omwe akuchita nawo makampani, kuphatikiza mafakitale, abwenzi, ndi ogawira - kusuntha kwa kupanga mitengo ya mphira kumabweretsa zovuta zonse komanso mwayi. Kumbali ina, kusintha kwa zinthu zatsopano kungafune ndalama zofunika pakufufuza ndi kukonzanso komanso kusintha kwa njira zomwe zilipo. Kumbali inayi, kugwirizanitsa njira zina zokhazikika kumatha kupereka mpikisano wampikisano mwa kukumana kumakulitsa ogula kwa zinthu zachilengedwe.

Kuphatikiza apo, mapangidwe owongolera amatha kuwonjezeka monga maboma padziko lapansi amakhazikitsa miyezo yachilengedwe yokhazikika pochepetsa mphamvu ya kaboni, kuphatikizapo kudalira mafakitale. rait rabara . Mukamakhala patsogolo pazinthuzi kudzera mu kukhazikitsidwa kwakale za matekinoloje opanga, makampani amatha kukhala ochita bwino nthawi yayitali pamsika.

Mapeto

Funso 'Kodi phle chopangidwa ndi mitengo? Ngakhale kupita patsogolo kwakukulu kwachitika pakupanga njira zina monga masitano opangidwa kuchokera ku ma petrochemicals kapena ma polio-ntchentche opangidwa kudzera mu microbial kufalikira komwe kumachitika pagawo la mafakitale.

Pamapeto pano kafukufuku amapitilira patsogolo pa mitundu yopanda malire ngati njira zosakhazikika monga njira zomwe mungagwiritse ntchito pofuna kugwiritsa ntchito miyezo yomaliza padziko lonse lapansi! Zikumvekanso kuti iwo amene amakumbukira izi amadzipeza bwino malo ogwirira ntchito modabwitsa kwambiri - makamaka ogwiritsa ntchito ogula pafupi ndi njira zamaboma tsiku lililonse zikuwoneka! Kwa iwo omwe akuyang'ana m'matumbo omwe akutuluka omwe ali pamutuwu, kapena kufunafuna mayankho apadera ogwiritsira ntchito moyenera, onetsetsani kuti mwakhala mukugwirizanitsa zitsamba zomwe zaperekedwa pano kuphatikiza Mayankho a mphira, Zothandiza-zapadera kuphatikiza mitu ina yokhudzana ndi zomwe tapeza zili ndi magawo omwe ali pa intaneti lero!