Ukuqalisa
Umbuzo, 'Ngabe irabha ingangenziwa ngaphandle kwezihlahla? Njengoba ukufunwa komhlaba wonke kweRubber kuyaqhubeka ukukhulelwa yizimboni ezinjengezimoto, ze-aerosper, nezimpahla zabathengi - imithombo yendabuko yerabha yemvelo, itholakala kakhulu esihlahleni se-hevea brasiliensis, itholakala kakhulu esihlahleni sakwaHevea Brasiliensis. Ukukhathazeka okuzungeze ukugawulwa kwamahlathi, ukulahleka kwezinto eziphilayo, kanye nemiphumela yokuziphatha okuhle kokukhiqizwa kwenjoloba ibekelwe ukusesha eminye imithombo. Kuleli phepha, singena ekwenzeni amandla okukhiqiza irabha ngaphandle kokuncika ezihlahleni, ukuhlola intuthuko yamanje ezindaweni zokwenziwa kanye namakhemikhali enjoloba ezinye zezimboni.
Ukuqonda inguquko kusuka ku-Natural Rubber idinga ukuhlolwa okuphelele kokubili imboni yendabuko yerabha kanye nobuchwepheshe obusafufusa ekukhiqizweni kwerabha yokwenziwa. Ngokuhlaziya intuthuko enjoloba yamakhemikhali, okubandakanya ukusetshenziswa kwama-petrochemical derivatives kanye nama-polymers asuselwa ku-bio, leli phepha lihlose ukuhlinzeka ababambiqhaza bezimboni njengamathrendi okuzayo nemithelela engaba khona kumaketanga okunikeza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izixhumanisi zangaphakathi ezifana zokwenziwa irabha, izixazululo zenjoloba , futhi Imikhiqizo yeRubber izobekwe ngokwecebo kulo lonke leli phepha ukuze ithuthukise ukuqonda kwethu lokhu kwentuthuko.
Ingemuva ekukhiqizeni irabha
Irabha Yemvelo: Umbono Ongokomlando
IRubber yemvelo ibilokhu iyitshe le-Cornersterial Development selokhu litholwe kanye nokuhweba ngekhulu le-19. Kuthathwe ikakhulukazi kusuka ku-latex eqoqwe kusuka esihlahleni se-hevea brasiliensis, irabha yemvelo inayo izakhiwo ezihlukile ezenziwe zazenza zibaluleke kakhulu ezinhlelweni ezahlukahlukene, ezisukela kumathayi ezithuthi kuya kumadivayisi wezokwelapha. Kodwa-ke, njengoba ukufunwa kwakhula, kanjalo nomthelela wezemvelo wamasimu enjoloba. Ukugawulwa kwamahlandla amakhulu okuthola ukuhlasela amahlathi enjoloba kuxhunyaniswe ekulahlekelweni kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kanye nokonakaliswa kwemvelo, okuholela kwizingcingo zezindlela zokukhiqiza zenjoloba ezizinzile.
Ukukhuphuka kwenjoloba yokwenziwa
Ukuqala kwenjoloba zokwenziwa ngesikhathi seMpi Yezwe II kuphawulwe ukuhamba okubalulekile embonini yerabha. Nge-Natural Rubber Supplies inqunywe ngenxa yezingxabano ze-geopolitical, ezinye izindlela zokwenziwa zaba zibalulekile. Kwenziwe kusuka kuma-petrochemical feedstocks afana ne-styrene-buthadiene kanye ne-polybutadiene, amarubhu okwenziwa anikela ngezakhiwo ezifanayo kwirabha yemvelo kepha ngokumelana okuthuthukisiwe kokushisa, uwoyela nokugqoka. Namuhla, okwenziwayo kwerabha ama-60% okukhiqizwa kwama-60% omhlaba wonke, aqokomisa ukubaluleka kwawo njengenye indlela esebenzayo.
Naphezu kwezinzuzo zayo, irabha yokwenziwa alikho ngaphandle kwezinselelo zalo. Ukuthembela kumafutha ezinhlamvu zokukhiqiza kuphakamisa ukukhathazeka mayelana nokukhishwa kwekhabhoni nokusimama. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amarubs okwenziwa okwenziwa ngokuvamile aswele ukuqina nokuqina kwenjoloba yemvelo, kunciphisa uhlelo lwawo kwizimboni ezithile. Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo oluqhubekayo ku-Chemical Engineering kanye ne-Polymer Science lukhuluma ngalezi zingqinamba ngokuthuthukisa amahabhu athuthukile okwenziwa ngezakhiwo ezithuthukisiwe.
Ezinye izindlela zenjoloba
Ukuthuthukiswa kwama-polymers asuselwa kwi-bio
I-Avenue ethembisayo ekhiqiza irabha ngaphandle kwezihlahla ukuthuthukiswa kwama-polymers asuselwa kwi-bio. Lezi zinto zokwenziwa zithathwe kwizinsizakusebenza ezivuselelekayo ezinjengezitshalo, i-algae, noma ama-microorganisms, zinikeza enye indlela yokuzinza kubo bobabili ama-rubber wemvelo nakwe-petrochemical-based rubber. Isibonelo, i-polyisoprene - inguqulo yokwenziwa yerabha yemvelo - manje isingakhiqizwa kusetshenziswa izinqubo zokuvulwa kwezinto ze-microbial eziguqula ushukela waba ama-polymers.
Ama-polymers asuselwa kwi-bio awanciphisi ukuncika kumafutha fossil kodwa futhi anikele ngezinzuzo ezingaba khona ngokuya nge-biodegracability kanye nomthelela wezemvelo oncishisiwe. Kodwa-ke, izinselelo zihlala ekukhiqizeni ukukhiqizwa ukuba zihlangabezane nezidingo zezimboni futhi ziqinisekise ukuthi amarudla asuselwa kwi-bio ahambisana nezimpawu zokusebenza kwabahlukumezi bendabuko. Ucwaningo oluqhubekayo kanye nemizamo yentuthuko igxile ekuzuzeni lezo zinqubo ukudala imikhiqizo esebenzayo.
Ama-derivatives ase-Petrochemical ekukhiqizeni irabha
Ama-derivatives asePetrochemical ayaqhubeka nokudlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu ekukhiqizweni kwama-rubters zokwenziwa. Izinto ezifana ne-ethylene-propylene-diene mony (i-EPDM), i-styrene-buthadien rubber (SBR), futhi i-nitrile buthadien rubber (i-NBR) isetshenziswa kabanzi ezimbonini ezisukela empahleni yezimoto. Labo bantu be-zokwenziwa bakhuthazelwa ukuqina kwabo, ukumelana nezimo ezimbi kakhulu, kanye nokusebenza kwezindleko.
Kodwa-ke, imiphumela yezemvelo yama-rubber asuselwa ku-petrochemical awanakwa. Ukukhishwa kanye nokucutshungulwa kwamafutha okugcwala kufaka isandla ekuphumeni kwamagesi abamba ukushisa kanye nokunye ukungcoliswa kwemvelo. Ngokwengeziwe, ama-rubbers atholakala e-petrochemical awawona angathandeki, okuholela ekukhathazekeni ngokuphathwa kokungcola nokungcola. Njengoba kunje, kukhona intshisekelo ekhulayo ekwakheni ezinye izindlela ezizinzile ezingakhanyiki ekusebenzeni noma ekulahleni.
Izinto ezintsha ku-polymer science
Intuthuko ku-Polymer Science ishayela izinto ezintsha ekwakhiweni kwezinhlobo ezintsha zama-rubbers amakhemikhali angahle abuyise ngokuphelele irabha yemvelo. Indawo eyodwa yokugxilwa yi-synthesis yama-block copolymers-polymers enziwe ngama-monomers amabili noma ngaphezulu ahlukene ahlelwe emabhulokini - anikela ngenhlanganisela yezakhiwo ezifiselekayo ezivela kwingxenye ngayinye.
Isibonelo, ama-thermoplastic elastomers (TPES) ahlanganisa ukuqina kwenjoloba ngokusebenza kwamapulasitiki, okwenza balungele izinhlelo eziningi zezicelo. Ngokwengeziwe, ukucwaninga ngama-nanocomposites-izinto ezifaka ama-nanoscale filler kuma-polymers - kukhombisile ukuthembisa ukuthuthukisa izakhiwo zemishini zokuhlukumeza zokwenziwa ngenkathi kunciphisa umthelela wazo wezemvelo ngenkathi kunciphisa umthelela wawo wezemvelo.
Ukucatshangelwa Kwezemvelo
Izinselelo Zokusimama Emkhiqizweni weRubber
Njengoba ukuqwashisa komhlaba kwezingqinamba zemvelo kukhula, ukuqina kokukhiqizwa kwenjoloba sekukhuliswe okuhlolisisiwe. Ukukhiqizwa kwendabuko kwendabuko kwendabuko kuhlotshaniswa nokugawulwa kwamahlathi, ukulahleka kwezinselelo zezinto eziphilayo, kanye nezinselelo zenhlalo njengokuphikisana nomhlaba kanye nezimo ezingezinhle zabasebenzi lapho kukhiqizwa amazwe. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukukhiqizwa kwenjoloba okwenziwe ngokwenziwa kuncike kakhulu kumafutha e-fossil, kufaka isandla ekuphumeni kwekhabhoni kanye nokuwohloka kwemvelo.
Ukubhekana nalezi zinselelo, ababambiqhaza bezimboni bahlola amasu ahlukahlukene okuthuthukisa ukusimama ekukhiqizeni irabha. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukuthuthukisa imikhuba yezolimo kumahlathi enjoloba emvelo, ethuthukisa izinqubo zokukhiqiza ezisebenza kahle zokwenziwa kwerabha, futhi atshale imali ocwaningweni ngezindlela ezisetshenziselwa ukwenziwa nge-bio.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-Life Cycle (LCA) kwemikhiqizo yenjoloba
Ukuhlolwa kwe-Life Cycle (LCA) kuyithuluzi elibalulekile lokuhlola umthelela wezemvelo wemikhiqizo yenjoloba kuyo yonke imijikelezo yawo yonke impilo - kusuka ekukhishweni okuluhlaza okotshani ukuze uchithe noma usebenzise kabusha. Ngokuhlola izinto ezifana nokusetshenziswa kwamandla, ukuphuma kwamagesi abamba ukushisa, ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi, kanye ne-wate Generation, i-LCA ihlinzeka ngombono ophelele wesimo semvelo sezinhlobo ezahlukene zenjoloba.
I-LCA yakamuva eqhathanisa ama-rubber wemvelo nokwenziwa aqokomise ama-trade-offs ababandakanyeka ekukhetheni uhlobo olulodwa ngaphezu kolunye. Ngenkathi irabha yemvelo ingaba nesinyathelo esiphansi sekhabhoni ngenxa yemvelaphi yayo evuselelekayo, kuvame ukuhlotshaniswa nokusetshenziswa kwamanzi okuphezulu kanye nemithelela yokuhlala emhlabeni ngenxa yemikhuba yokulima amahlathi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amarubs okwenziwa angaba nokukhishwa okuphezulu kwekhabhoni ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwamafutha e-fossil kepha adinga imithombo encane yomhlaba nezinsizakusebenza zamanzi.
Ikusasa lokukhiqizwa kwenjoloba ngaphandle kwezihlahla
Ubuchwepheshe obuqhamukayo
Ikusasa lokukhiqizwa kwenjoloba ngaphandle kwezihlahla lilele ekuthuthukisweni okuqhubekayo kanye nokuthengiswa kwezobuchwepheshe obusezingeni eliphakeme abanikeza ezinye izindlela ezizinzileyo kubo bobabili ama-rubber asuselwa emvelo nase-petrochemical. Kulezi zindlela zobuchwepheshe yizindlela ezijabulisa ama-bioengineering ezinika amandla ukukhiqizwa kwe-polyisoprene - isakhi esiyinhloko serabha yemvelo - usebenzisa ama-microorganisms anjengegciwane noma imvubelo.
Enye indawo ethembisayo ukusetshenziswa kwama-feedstocks avuselelekayo afana namafutha ezitshalo noma imfucuza yezolimo ukukhiqiza ama-lastomers asuselwa kwi-bio ngezakhiwo eziqhathaniswa nalezo ze-rubber zendabuko. Ngaphezu kwalokho, intuthuko ekuvuseleleni kabusha kwamakhemikhali ingavula indlela yezinhlelo ezivaliwe lapho imikhiqizo esetshenzisiwe yerabha ihlukaniswe ngama-monoments abo akhona futhi iphinde ihlanganiswe ngezinto ezintsha.
Imiphumela yemakethe yababambiqhaza bezimboni
Kwababambiqhaza bezimboni - kufaka phakathi amafektri, abalingani beziteshi, kanye nabasabalalisi - ukushintshwa kokukhiqizwa kwama-ruble-free ruble kuveza zombili izinselelo namathuba. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuguqukela kwezinto ezintsha kungadinga ukutshalwa kwezimali okubalulekile ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni nasekuguqulweni kwezinqubo ezikhona zokukhiqiza. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukwamukela ezinye izindlela ezizinzile kunganikeza umphetho wokuncintisana ngokuhlangana nokudinga abathengi abakhulayo kwemikhiqizo ebhekele kuyo imvelo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izingcindezi zokulawula kungenzeka zikhuphuke njengoba ohulumeni emhlabeni wonke besebenzisa izindinganiso zemvelo ezinzima okuhloswe ngazo ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni futhi kuthuthukiswe ukuqina kuzo zonke izimboni - kufaka phakathi nalokho okuthembekile irabha eluhlaza . Ngokuhlala ngaphambi kwalezi zindlela ngokutholwa kwezobuchwepheshe obusha kanye nezinto zokwakha, izinkampani zingazibeka empumelelweni yesikhathi eside endaweni evelayo yemakethe.
Ukugcina
Umbuzo 'Ungabiwe ngerabha ngaphandle kwezihlahla? Ngenkathi inqubekela phambili enkulu yenziwe ekuthuthukiseni ezinye izindlela ezinjengerubs zokwenziwa ezivela kuma-petrochemicals noma ama-polmers asuselwa kwi-bio akhiqizwa ngezinqubo ezivutha ama-microbial -unts - kuhlala kusebenza kakhulu ngaphambi kokuthola i-addoment addoments ngezicelo zezimboni.
Ekugcineni yize - njengoba ucwaningo luqhubeka luthuthukela ekwamukeleni amafomu aqhubekayo afana nezindlela zamakhemikhali noma eziluhlaza - amangalo akhona - amandla okuthola ukufeza izinketho ze-eco-friendly ngaphandle kokuzikhandla emhlabeni jikelele! Kuyacaca futhi ukuthi labo abamukela lezi zinguquko kusenesikhathi bazozithola bebekwe kangcono kakhulu phakathi kwezindawo ezijikelezayo eziqhubekayo emhlabeni jikelele eziqhubekela phambili eziqhubekela phambili - izidingo zabathengi ezikhulayo ezikhulisa izindlela eziluhlaza okotshani nsuku zonke manje kubonakala! Kulabo ababheka phambili kubuchwepheshe obuqhamukayo ngalesi sihloko - noma ukufuna izixazululo ezithile zomkhiqizo ezenzelwe ukubheka izigaba ezifanelekile ezitholakalayo ngalezi zixhumanisi ezinikezwe lapha kufaka phakathi Izisombululo ezi-Raw-Rubber, Izinsizakusebenza eziqondene nohlelo lokusebenza kanye nezinye izihloko ezihlobene ezitholakala ngaphakathi kohlu lwethu lomkhiqizo oluphelele lwe-Online Nanamuhla!
