Intangiriro

Ikibazo, 'Irashobora guhindurwa nta biti? ' Gukora ku buryo bukomeye bwo guhungabanya ibidukikije, guhanga imbere mu nganda, no mu bumenyi. Mugihe ibyifuzo byisi bya Rubber bikomeje kuzamuka ninganda nkimodoka, aerospace, hamwe nibicuruzwa bisanzwe bya reberi karemano, bigasukuye ku giti cya Hevea Brisiliensis, Guhura no Kwiyongera. Impungenge zikikije amashyamba, igihome cyihariye, hamwe nimyitwarire myiza yumusaruro wa reberi catalizad gushakisha ahandi. Muri iyi rupapuro, twashukishaga uburyo bushoboka bwo gutanga reberi tutiriwe ku biti, dushakisha iterambere rya none muri synthetic na reberi ya resike buhoro buhoro ihuza ingengabinya.

Gusobanukirwa inzibacyuho kuva kamere kugeza synthique reberi isaba gusuzuma inganda zuzuye za reberi gakondo hamwe nikoranabuhanga rigaragara muri reberi ya synthetic. Mugusesengura iterambere muri reberi ya shimi, harimo no gukoresha peteroli zishingiye kuri peteroli, iyi mpapuro zishingiye ku nganda, abafatanyabikorwa ba bio, abafatanyabikorwa, n'abamugaye babitsindishirizwa ku ngoro. Byongeye kandi, guhuza imbere nka reberi ya synthetic, Rubber ibisubizo , na Ibicuruzwa bya rubber bizashyirwa mu bikorwa muri iyi mpapuro kugirango bikongere ibitekerezo byacu kuri aya majyambere.

Amavu n'amavuko kuri Rubber

Reberi karemano: icyerekezo cyamateka

Rubber ya rubber yabaye imfuruka yiterambere ryinganda kuva yavumburwa no gucuruza mu kinyejana cya 19. Yakomokaga ahanini kuva muri lapx yakusanyijwe mu giti cya Hevea brianis, reberi karemano ifite imitungo idasanzwe ifatika yatumye habaho gutangazwa mu masomo atandukanye, kuva mu mapine y'ibihonyo ku bikoresho by'ubuvuzi. Ariko, nkuko bisabwa, byiyongera, niko ingaruka zibidukikije byashinze imirima. Amashyamba akomeye yo kwakira imirima ya rubber yahujwe nigihombo kinini cyo gutakaza urusobe rwibinyabuzima, gutesha agaciro urusobe rwibinyabuzima, biganisha ku buryo bwo guhamagarira uburyo burambye bwa rubber.

Kuzamuka kwa reberi ya synthetic

Kuza kwa reberi ya synthetike mugihe cyintambara ya kabiri yisi yose byaranze impinduka zikomeye munganda za rubber. Hamwe na reberi karemano zaciwe kubera amakimbirane ya geopolitiki, ubundi buryo bwa sinthetike bwabaye ngombwa. Synthesied kuva kumafaranga ya peteroli nka Styrene-Butadiene na Polobadiene, reberitike ya synthetike itanga imitungo isa ariko yongerewe imbaraga mubushyuhe, amavuta, no kwambara. Uyu munsi, rubber ya synthetike kuri 60% ya reberi yisi yose, igaragaza akamaro kayo nkubundi buryo bufatika.

Nubwo byari byiza, resika ya sintetike ntabwo ari ibibazo byayo. Kwishingikiriza kuri Ssil Puels kugirango umusaruro uratera impungenge zubwiyuha bwa karubone no kuramba. Byongeye kandi, reberi ya sintetike ikunze kubura elastique no kwihangana reberi karemano, bikagabanya ibyifuzo byabo munganda zimwe. Ariko, ubushakashatsi bukomeje mugihe cyubuhanga bwimiti nubumenyi bwa polymer bukemura ibyo bibazo tugateza imbere reberi yagezweho hamwe nibintu byanoze.

Ibikoresho bya rubber

Gutezimbere Polymers Bishingiye

Umwe usezeranya inzira yo gutanga reberi nta biti niterambere rya polymers zishingiye kuri bio. Ibi bikoresho bikomoka kubikoresho bishobora kongerwa nkibimera, algae, cyangwa mikorobe, gutanga ubundi buryo burambye kuri reberi karemano na peteroli. Kurugero, Polusoprene-verisiyo yuburyo bwa reberi karemano-irashobora gukorwa hakoreshejwe mikorobe ya microbial ihindura isukari muri polymers.

Polymeniya ishingiye kuri bio ntabwo igabanya gusa kwishingikiriza gusa ibicanwa byamashyamba ariko kandi itanga inyungu mubijyanye na biodedaditabishoboye no kugabanya ingaruka zibidukikije. Icyakora, ibibazo bikomeje gutangaza umusaruro kugira ngo babone ibyifuzo by'inganda no kureba ko reberi zishingiye kuri bio zihuye n'ibiranga reberi gakondo. Imbaraga zikomeje ubushakashatsi nimbaraga ziterambere zibanze ku guhitamo ibi bikorwa kugirango ushyireho ibicuruzwa.

Ibikomoka kuri Petrochemical muri reberi

Abakomoka kuri Petrochemical bakomeje kugira uruhare runini mugukora reberi ya synthique. Ibikoresho nka Ethylene-proney-diene monomer (EPDMM), STRREE-BRBLENE BEBER (SBR), na Nitrile Butadiene Rubber (NBR) yakoreshwaga mu nganda ziva mubicuruzwa byabaguzi. Izi rubbesi ya synthetike zahawe ibihembo kubera kuramba, kurwanya ibintu bikabije, no gukora neza.

Ariko, ingaruka zishingiye ku bidukikije za reberi zishingiye kuri Petrochemical ntishobora kwirengagizwa. Gukuramo no gutunganya ibiti by'ibinyabuzima bigira uruhare mu cyuho cya GREAHOYA hamwe n'ibindi byahuga. Byongeye kandi, reberi yatunganijwe-petrochemical ntabwo ari bizima, biganisha ku mpungenge kubijyanye no gucunga imyanda no kwanduza. Nkibyo, hariho ubushake bwo gukura ubundi buryo burambye burabangamira imikorere cyangwa ikiguzi.

Udushya muri siyanse ya polymer

Iterambere rya siyanse ya Polymer ririmo guhanga udushya mugutezimbere ubwoko bushya bwa reberi zidasanzwe zishobora gusimbuza rubber karemano. Agace kamwe kabibanda ni synthesis yo guhagarika copolymers-polymers ikozwe mubice bibiri cyangwa byinshi bitandukanye byateguwe mubice - bitanga ihuriro ryimitungo yifuzwa muri buri gice.

Kurugero, elaspeplamest therkostic (tpestoplastique (tapes) ihuza elastique ya reberi hamwe nibikorwa bya plastiki, bigatuma bikwiranye nuburyo butandukanye. Byongeye kandi, ubushakashatsi muri NanoCOMesite-ibikoresho bikubiyemo nanoscale kuzumura muri polymers - byerekanaga amasezerano muguhuza imiterere ya reberi ya synthetic mugihe cyo kugabanya ingaruka zibidukikije.

Ibidukikije

Ibibazo birambye muri reberi

Mugihe kumenya isi ibidukikije ibibazo byibidukikije bikura, kuramba kwa reberi byaje mubugenzuzi. Imisaruro gakondo gakondo ifitanye isano no gutema amashyamba, gutakaza urusobe rwibinyabuzima, hamwe ningorane zimibereho nkamakimbirane yubutaka hamwe numurimo mubi mugutanga ibihugu. Kurundi ruhande, umusaruro wa synthetique wuzuye cyane ku mashyamba y'ibimaro, kugira uruhare mu kirere cya karubone no kwangiza ibidukikije.

Kugira ngo ukemure izo mbogamizi, abafatanyabikorwa mu nganda barimo gushakisha ingamba zitandukanye zo kuzamura imisaruro ya rubber. Ibi birimo kunoza imikorere yubuhinzi mubihingwa bisanzwe bya reberi, guteza imbere reberi zikora neza.

Isuzuma ryubuzima (LCA) bwibicuruzwa bya Rubber

Isuzuma ryubuzima (LCA) nigikoresho cyingenzi cyo gusuzuma ingaruka zishingiye ku bidukikije ku mibereho yose yose ukwezi kwose kugera cyangwa gusubiramo. Mugusuzuma ibintu nkibikoreshwa ingufu, icyatsi kibisi cya gaze, imikoreshereze yamazi, nogusekuru amazi, LCA itanga igitekerezo cyuzuye cyibidukikije byubwoko butandukanye bwa reberi zitandukanye za reberi zitandukanye za reberi zitandukanye za reberi zitandukanye za rubber.

RCASS iherutse kugereranya reberi zisanzwe na synthetike zagaragaje ibicuruzwa bigira uruhare muguhitamo ubwoko bumwe kurenza ubundi. Mugihe reberi karemano ishobora kugira ikirenge cyo hepfo ya karubone kubera inkomoko yayo ishobora kongerwa, akenshi ifitanye isano namazi yo gukoresha amazi no gukora ku butaka kubera imihango yo guhinga. Ibinyuranye, rubresi ya synthetike irashobora kugira imyuka yo hejuru ya karubone kubera imikoreshereze y'ibimaro ariko bisaba umutungo muto n'amazi.

Ejo hazaza h'umusaruro wa rubber nta biti

Ikoranabuhanga

Ejo hazaza h'umusaruro wa rubber nta biti biri mu iterambere no gucuruza ubuhanga bushya bwo gutanga tekinoroji irambye kuri reberi karemano na Perrochemical. Muri ubwo buhanga harimo uburyo bwibinyabuzima bufasha umusaruro wa Polusiprene - igice kinini cya reberi-kamere nka mikorobe nka bagiteri.

Ikindi gice gitangaje ni ugukoresha ibiryo bishobora kongerwa nkamavuta yo gutera cyangwa imyanda yubuhinzi kugirango itange elastomers zishingiye kuri bio ifite imitungo ugereranije niyabavuya gakondo. Byongeye kandi, gutera imbere mu buryo bwo gutunganya imiti bishobora gutanga inzira ya sisitemu yo gufunga aho yakoreshejwe ibicuruzwa bya rubber yamenetse muri monomer yabo hanyuma yongera kugira ibikoresho bishya.

Isoko Ingaruka ku Bafatanyabikorwa

Ku nganda, harimo inganda, abafatanyabikorwa, n'abagabutse - guhindura imivugo ya rubber-kubuntu bitanga imbogamizi n'amahirwe. Ku ruhande rumwe, uhindura ibikoresho bishya birashobora gusaba ishoramari rikomeye mu bushakashatsi n'iterambere ndetse no guhindura inzira zisanzwe. Ku rundi ruhande, byerekana ubundi buryo burambye bushobora gutanga impanuro yo guhatana mugukura abaguzi bakura ibicuruzwa bishinzwe ibidukikije.

Byongeye kandi, imikazo yo kugenzura ishobora kwiyongera nk'ubutegetsi ku isi mu gushyira mu bikorwa ibipimo by'ibidukikije bigamije kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ka karubone no guteza imbere imirahamwe y'ubutaka - harimo no kwishingikiriza kuri reberi mbi . Muguma imbere yiyi nzira binyuze mukwemera ikoranabuhanga rifatika n'ibikoresho, amasosiyete arashobora kwihagararaho igihe kirekire mu masoko y'isoko ihindagurika.

Umwanzuro

Ikibazo 'Birashobora guhindurwa kidafite ibiti? Mugihe iterambere ryingenzi ryakozwe mubundi buryo nka reberi ya synthechemike cyangwa polymes ishingiye kuri microbial cyangwa ibinyabuzima bishingiye kuri microbial

Ubwanyuma nubwo - nkubushakashatsi bukomeje gutera imbere muburyo burambye nkubundi buryo-bushobora kubamo ubumwe bwurubuga biteganijwe-abakoresha imperuka kwisi yose! Biragaragara ko abiyemera izo mpinduka hakiri kare bazasanga bahagaze neza kurushaho guhatanira ubumuga bwo kugenzura kwisi yose bitera imbere - cyane cyane guhamagarira abaguzi bashinzwe iterambere rya leta buri munsi birasa! Kubareba kure muri tekinoloji yo kureba muriyi ngingo - cyangwa gushaka ibisubizo byihariye bihumura neza - Witondere kugenzura ibice bihari biboneka ukoresheje aya mahuza yatanzwe hano harimo Ibisubizo bya Raw-Rubber, Porogaramu-Ibikoresho Byihariye wongeyeho izindi ngingo zijyanye no mubyiciro byacu byibicuruzwa urutonde kumurongo uyumunsi!