ꯚꯂꯀꯦꯅꯥꯏꯖꯤꯡ ꯑꯦꯛꯇꯤꯕ ꯑꯦꯖꯦꯟꯇ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯈꯉꯅꯕꯥ ꯔꯕ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯑꯦꯛꯇꯤꯕ ꯑꯦꯖꯦꯟꯇ꯫ ꯚꯂꯀꯦꯅꯥꯏꯖꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯤꯂꯦꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯇꯤꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯍꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯏꯅꯑꯣꯔꯒꯥꯅꯤꯛ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯣꯔꯒꯥꯅꯤꯛ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯤꯂꯦꯇꯔꯒꯤ ꯀꯦꯄꯥꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯃꯦꯛꯁꯤꯃꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ, ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯤꯂꯦꯇꯔꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯚꯂꯀꯦꯅꯥꯏꯖꯦꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯏꯅꯑꯣꯔꯒꯥꯅꯤꯛ ꯑꯦꯗꯤꯇꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯗꯤ ꯙꯥꯇꯨꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯥꯏꯗ, ꯍꯥꯏꯗ꯭ꯔꯣꯛꯁꯥꯏꯗ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯕꯦꯁꯤꯛ ꯀꯥꯔꯕꯣꯅꯥꯏꯠꯁꯤꯡ, ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯤ ꯖꯤꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯥꯏꯗ, ꯂꯤꯗ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯥꯏꯗ, ꯀꯦꯂꯁꯤꯌꯝ ꯍꯥꯏꯗ꯭ꯔꯣꯛꯁꯥꯏꯗ, ꯂꯤꯗ ꯀꯥꯔꯕꯣꯅꯥꯏꯠ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯆꯤꯡꯕꯥ, ꯑꯣꯔꯒꯥꯅꯤꯛ ꯑꯦꯗꯤꯇꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯐꯦꯇꯤ ꯑꯦꯁꯤꯗꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯦꯃꯤꯟ, ꯁꯥꯄꯣꯅꯁꯤꯡ, ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯌꯥꯔꯤꯛ ꯑꯦꯁꯤꯗ, ꯗꯥꯏꯇꯂꯤꯑꯦꯂꯤꯛ ꯑꯦꯁꯤꯗ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯤ, ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯆꯤꯡꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯖꯤ.ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯁꯤ. ꯔꯕ꯭ꯕꯔꯒꯤ꯫
ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯁꯤꯐꯤꯛ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯚꯤꯇꯤ (5.6 g/cm3)ꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯉꯧꯕꯥ, ꯃꯍꯤꯛ-ꯃꯇꯥꯏ ꯂꯩꯇꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯎꯗꯔ꯫
ꯃꯦꯜꯇꯤꯡ ꯄꯣꯏꯟꯇ: 1,975°C; ꯔꯤꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯛꯇꯤꯕ ꯏꯟꯗꯦꯛꯁ: ꯲.꯰꯰꯸–꯲.꯰꯲꯹.
ꯚꯂꯀꯦꯅꯥꯏꯖꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯦꯛꯇꯤꯚꯦꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯔꯤꯑꯦꯛꯇꯤꯚꯤꯇꯤ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ꯫
ꯌꯨ.ꯚꯤ.-ꯕ꯭ꯂꯣꯀꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯤꯃꯥꯏꯛꯔꯣꯕꯤꯌꯥꯜ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯄꯔꯇꯤꯁꯤꯡ꯫
ꯁꯂꯐꯥꯔ ꯚꯂꯀꯦꯅꯥꯏꯖꯦꯁꯟ (ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ 20–30% ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯜꯂꯤ) ꯈꯣꯡꯖꯦꯜ ꯌꯥꯡꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫
ꯃꯦꯀꯥꯅꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯄꯔꯇꯤꯁꯤꯡ (ꯇꯦꯟꯁꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯦꯡꯊ +15–25%, ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯇꯥ ꯏꯂꯣꯡ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ +10–15%) ꯐꯒꯠꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫
ꯐꯨꯗ-ꯀꯟꯇꯦꯛꯇ ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯗꯤ.ꯑꯦ.ꯅꯥ ꯑꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯄꯤꯈꯤꯕꯥ (꯲꯱ ꯁꯤ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯑꯥꯔ. ꯱꯷꯲.꯴꯸꯰)꯫
ꯑꯀꯣꯌꯕꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯕꯝ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯟꯗꯕꯥ (ꯅꯟ-ꯇꯣꯛꯁꯤꯀꯦꯜ, ꯔꯤꯁꯥꯏꯀꯜ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ)꯫
ꯇꯌꯥꯔꯁꯤꯡ: ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯂꯅꯥ ꯕꯦꯜꯇ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯔꯦꯗꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯇꯌꯥꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯥ (ꯔꯕ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯂꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯐꯒꯠꯍꯅꯕꯥ)꯫
ꯈꯣꯡꯎꯄꯁꯤꯡ: ꯑꯥꯎꯇꯁꯣꯜ ꯀꯝꯄꯣꯅꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ (ꯑꯦꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁ ꯐꯒꯠꯍꯜꯂꯤ, ASTM D5963: 50–80 mm3 ꯂꯣꯁ)꯫
ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯜ: ꯁꯔꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯒ꯭ꯂꯣꯕꯁꯤꯡ (ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯤꯃꯥꯏꯛꯔꯣꯕꯤꯌꯥꯜ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯇꯦꯛꯁꯟ, ꯑꯦ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯦꯝ. ꯏ.꯲꯱꯴꯹)꯫
ꯑꯦꯗꯖꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯚꯁꯤꯡ: ꯔꯕ꯭ꯕꯔ-ꯇꯨ-ꯃꯦꯇꯜ ꯕꯣꯟꯗꯤꯡ (30–40%)꯫
ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯂꯤꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯗꯦꯟꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯊꯥꯔꯃꯣꯁꯦꯇꯤꯡ ꯄꯣꯂꯤꯃꯔ꯫
ꯍꯤꯠ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁ: ꯂꯦꯞꯇꯅꯥ 180°C ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ (ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯃꯤꯇꯦꯗ 250°C) ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ꯫
ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯔꯤꯖꯤꯗꯤꯇꯤ (ꯃꯣꯗ꯭ꯌꯨꯂꯁ: 2–4 GPA) ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯗꯥꯏꯃꯦꯟꯁꯅꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ꯫
ꯑꯦꯁꯤꯗꯁꯤꯡ, ꯕꯦꯖꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯣꯂꯚꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ꯫
ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔꯦꯜ ꯔꯤꯏꯅꯐꯣꯔꯁꯃꯦꯟꯇ (ꯍꯥꯔꯗꯅꯦꯁ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯍꯜꯂꯤꯕꯥ 10–20 ꯁꯣꯔ A) ꯄꯤ꯫
ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯝ ꯔꯤꯇꯥꯔꯗꯦꯟꯇ (ꯍꯦꯂꯣꯖꯦꯟ ꯑꯦꯗꯤꯇꯤꯚꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯎꯗꯕꯥ UL94 V-0 ꯔꯦꯇꯤꯡ)꯫
ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯁꯤꯑꯦꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯊꯥꯔꯃꯣꯞꯂꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯀꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯆꯥꯡꯗꯝꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯆꯪꯏ꯫
ꯀꯁ꯭ꯇꯃꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡ (ꯑꯦꯁꯤꯗ-ꯀꯦꯇꯥꯂꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯍꯤꯠ-ꯑꯦꯛꯇꯤꯚꯦꯠ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ)꯫
ꯇꯌꯥꯔꯁꯤꯡ: ꯁꯥꯏꯗꯋꯥꯜ ꯀꯝꯄꯥꯎꯟꯗꯁꯤꯡ (ꯀꯠꯄꯥ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁ ꯐꯒꯠꯍꯜꯂꯤ, ASTM D624)꯫
ꯏꯟꯗꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯕꯦꯜꯇꯁꯤꯡ: ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯣꯌꯔꯣꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯀꯟꯚꯦꯌꯔ ꯕꯦꯜꯇꯁꯤꯡ (ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ, ꯁꯤꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯥꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ)꯫
ꯐ꯭ꯔꯤꯛꯁꯟ ꯃꯦꯇꯔꯤꯑꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ: ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯛ ꯄꯦꯗꯁꯤꯡ (200°Cꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ 0.35–0.45ꯗꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯤꯛꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯀꯣꯑꯣꯐꯤꯁꯤꯑꯦꯟꯁꯤ ꯂꯩ)꯫
ꯐꯥꯎꯟꯗꯔꯤ: ꯀꯣꯔ ꯁꯦꯟꯗ ꯕꯥꯏꯟꯗꯔꯁꯤꯡ (ꯀꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯁ ꯏꯚꯣꯜꯌꯨꯁꯟ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯜꯂꯤ)꯫