Ukuqalisa
Imikhiqizo yenjoloba ibaluleke kakhulu kwizimboni zanamuhla, ezisukela ezimotweni kuya ezimotweni eziya e-aerospace, zokwakha, kanye nezimpahla zabathengi. Kodwa-ke, ukuqinisekisa ukuqina kwale mikhiqizo kuhlala kuyinselelo ebalulekile kubakhiqizi nabaphenyi ngokufanayo. Ukuqina ngokuqina kuthinta ngokuqondile ukusebenza, ukuphepha, kanye nezinto zokuphila zezakhi zenjoloba, okwenza kube yindawo ebalulekile yokugxila ku-Material Science and Engineering. Lo mbhalo uhlola amasu athuthukile, izinto zokwakha nezinqubo ezingathuthukisa kakhulu ukuqina kwemikhiqizo yenjoloba. Ukuqonda ukusetshenziswa okuhlukahlukene kwenjoloba, ungahlola okuningi mayelana Okokuhlikihla.
Ukuqonda ukuqina kwenjoloba
Ukuchazwa nokubaluleka
Ukuqina kwe-Rubber kubhekisa emandleni okubonakalayo okumelana nezingcindezi ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi imishini, okushisayo, kanye namakhemikhali, ngaphezulu kwesikhathi eseluliwe. Le mpahla ibalulekile ukuthola izinhlelo zokusebenza lapho irabha ivezwa khona ezindaweni ezinokhahlo, njengamathayi ezimoto, izimboni zezimboni, namadivayisi wezokwelapha. Ukuthuthukisa ukuqina akugcini nje ngokunciphisa izindleko zokulungisa kepha futhi kuthuthukisa ukuphepha nokwethembeka.
Izici ezithinta ukuqina
Kunezici eziningana ezithinta ukuqina kwemikhiqizo yenjoloba. Lokhu kufaka phakathi uhlobo lwenjoloba olusetshenzisiwe, inqubo ehlanganisiwe, izimo zemvelo, kanye nohlobo lwengcindezi esetshenzisiwe. Isibonelo, irabha lemvelo linwebeka kakhulu kepha lingamelana nalutho lokushisa namakhemikhali ngokuqhathaniswa namarubs okwenziwa njenge-EPDM noma ama-fluoroolastomer. Ukuqonda lezi zinto kubalulekile ekuklameni imikhiqizo eqinile enjoloba.
Izinto zokwakha kanye nezithasiselo zokuqina okuthuthukile
Zokwenziwa dubars
Ama-Synthetic Rubers afana ne-EPDM, i-nitrile rubber (i-NBR), futhi ama-fluorooelastomers anikela ngokuqina okuphezulu ngokuqhathaniswa nerabha yemvelo. Isibonelo, i-EPDM yaziwa ngokumelana kwayo okuhle kakhulu ekushiseni, i-ozone, kanye nesimo sezulu, okwenza kube kuhle ngezicelo zezimoto nezokwakha. I-FluoRoalastomemers, ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-Excel ekumelaneni namakhemikhali wamakhemikhali kanye namazinga okushisa, ibenze balungele ukusetshenziswa kwe-aerospace kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezimboni.
Ukuqinisa Fillers
Ukugcizelela ama-fillers afana nekhabhoni emnyama kanye ne-silica kuthuthukisa kakhulu izakhiwo zemishini zenjoloba. I-Carbon Black ithuthukisa amandla ashubile, ukumelana ne-abrasion, kanye nokuvuselelwa okushisayo, ngenkathi i-silica ithuthukisa ukumelana futhi inciphise ukumelana kwamathayi. Ukukhethwa kwe-filler kuncike ohlelweni oluthile kanye nezinto ezifiselekayo.
Ama-antioxidants kanye nokuqina
Ama-antioxidants kanye nokugcina ukuqina kubalulekile ukuvimbela ukonakala kwe-oxidative, okungahlehlisa ukuqina kwenjoloba. Ama-antioxidants ajwayelekile afaka ama-andines kanye nama-phenols, avikela irabha kusuka ekushiseni nasekushijweni komoya-mpilo. Abaqiniqinise, njengabe-UV abaxhamazela, bakhulisa ukuqina ngokuvikela irabha kusuka emisebeni ye-ultraviolet.
Amasu okukhiqiza athuthukile
Ukungenisethangu
I-Vulcanization yinqubo yamakhemikhali ethuthukisa ukuqina namandla enjoloba ngokwakha izixhumanisi ezinqamula phakathi kwamaketanga we-polymer. Ukuzikhethela kwama-ejenti we-Vulcaning, njenge-sulfur noma i-peroxides, kanye namapharamitha enqubo, njengokushisa nokucindezela, kudlala indima ebalulekile ekunqumeni izakhiwo zokugcina zenjoloba.
Nanotechnology
I-Nanotechnology iguqula imboni yerabha ngokunika amandla ukufakwa kwama-nanomatadium afana ne-graphene ne-carbon nanotubes. Lezi zinto zokwakha zithuthukisa amandla ezenziwe ngemishini, ukuqina okushisayo, kanye nezindawo zokubopha, okwenza imikhiqizo yenjoloba ihlala isikhathi eside futhi iguquguquke.
Ukuphrinta 3d
Ukuphrinta kwe-3D kuyavela njengendlela ethembisayo yokukhiqiza izakhi eziyinkimbinkimbi zenjoloba ngokunemba okuphezulu. Lobu buchwepheshe buvumela ukwenza ngokwezifiso kwezinto ezibonakalayo kanye nokuhlanganiswa kokusebenza okuningi, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukise ukuqina nokusebenza.
Ukuhlola nokuqinisekiswa kwekhwalithi
Ukuhlolwa Kwemishini
Ukuhlolwa okwenziwe ngomshini, njengokuhlola okusheshayo, ukucindezela, kanye nokuhlolwa kokukhathala, kubalulekile ekuhlolweni ukuqina kwemikhiqizo yenjoloba. Lezi zivivinyo zihlinzeka ngokuqonda ekuziphatheni kwezinto ezibonakalayo ngaphansi kwezimo ezihlukile zokucindezela, ukusiza abakhiqizi ukuthi bathuthukise ukwakhiwa nezinqubo.
Ukuhlolwa Kwemvelo
Ukuhlolwa kwemvelo kubandakanya ukudalula imikhiqizo enjoloba ezimweni ezenziwe ngezimo, njengokushisa okuphezulu, imisebe ye-UV, nokuvezwa kwamakhemikhali, ukuhlola ukusebenza kwawo kwesikhathi eside. Lesi sinyathelo sibalulekile ukuthola izicelo ezindaweni ezinokhahlo, njengezimboni zezimoto nezezithuthi ze-aerospace.
Ukuhlolwa okungeyona eyonakalisayo
Izindlela zokuhlola ezingezona ezonakalisayo, ezinjenge-ultrasound ne-X-ray imaging, zivumela ukuhlolwa kweziphambeko zangaphakathi ngaphandle kokulimaza umkhiqizo. Lezi zinqubo zibalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ikhwalithi nokwethenjwa kwezakhi ezibalulekile zenjoloba.
Ukugcina
Ukuthuthukisa ukuqina kwemikhiqizo yenjoloba kuyinselelo enezinto eziningi ezidinga ukuqonda okujulile kwezinto zokwakha, izinqubo, kanye nezicelo. Ngokufaka izinto ezithuthukisiwe, izindlela zokukhiqiza ezintsha, kanye nezindlela zokuhlola eziqinile, abakhiqizi bangakhiqiza imikhiqizo enjoloba ehlangabezana nezidingo ezifunwayo zemboni yanamuhla. Ukuthola okuthe xaxa kuzicelo kanye nentuthuko kubuchwepheshe berabha, vakashela Okokuhlikihla.
