Fluoroelastomers , leyi tlhelaka yi tiviwa tani hi FKM, i muxaka wa rhaba yo endliwa leyi nga na swivumbeko swo hlawuleka swa ku dyuhala ka maxelo na ku lwisana na ozone. Swihlawulekisi leswi swo hlawuleka swi endla leswaku ti faneleka swinene eka switirhisiwa eka vutleketli bya swihahampfhuka, laha ku hlangana na swiyimo swo tika swa mbango swi nga papalatekiki.
Mhaka yosungula leyi faneleke ku tekeriwa enhlokweni i ku tiya ka ku dyuhala ka maxelo ka ti fluoroelastomers. Swilo leswi swi tiveka hi vuswikoti bya swona byo tiyisela ku tshama nkarhi wo leha eka mahiselo lamakulu, miseve ya UV ni swilo swin’wana leswi cinca-cincaka maxelo. Kuhambana na ti elastomers ta ndhavuko, ti fluoroelastomers ti kombisa ku onhaka kutsongo naswona ti hlayisa swivumbeko swa tona swa xiviri hambi endzhaku ka nkarhi woleha eka swiyimo swo tika swa maxelo. Leswi swi endla leswaku ti va letinene ngopfu ku tirhisiwa eka ku famba hi swihaha-mpfhuka, laha swihaha-mpfhuka ni swihaha-mpfhuka swi cinca-cincaka ngopfu hi mahiselo ni ku tshama swi ri eku vonakaleni ka dyambu.
Xin’wana xa nkoka xa ti- fluoroelastomer i ku lwisana ka tona eka ozone. Ozone, ku nga xivumbeko xa okisijini lexi tirhaka swinene lexi kumekaka exibakabakeni xa Misava, xi nga onha swilo swo tala swinene. Hambiswiritano, ti- fluoroelastomer ti kombise ku lwisana loku hlamarisaka ni ku onhiwa ka ozone. Ku tiyisela loku ku tiyisisa vutomi byo leha na ku tshembheka ka swiphemu leswi endliweke kusuka eka ti fluoroelastomers eka tisisiteme ta vutleketli bya swihahampfhuka, laha ku hlangana na tindzhawu leti fuweke hi ozone switolovelekeke.
Hikwalaho ka ku dyuhala ka tona loku hlawulekeke ka maxelo ni ku lwisana ni ozone, ti- fluoroelastomer ti ve leti nga pfuniki nchumu eka bindzu ra ku fambisa swihaha-mpfhuka. Ti kuma ku tirhisiwa eka swiphemu swo hambana-hambana swa nkoka, ku katsa ni swisirhelelo, ti- gasket, ti-O-ring ni swilo swin’wana swo pfalela. Vuswikoti bya ti fluoroelastomers ku hlayisa matirhelo ya tona na vutshembeki eka swiyimo swo tika i swa nkoka swinene eka ku tiyisisa vuhlayiseki na ku tirha kahle ka tisisiteme ta vutleketli bya le xibakabakeni.
Eka xihloko lexi, hi ta lavisisa hi vuxokoxoko ku lwisana na ku dyuhala ka maxelo na swivumbeko swa ku lwisana na ozone swa ti fluoroelastomers. Ku engetela kwalaho, hi ta nghenelela eka matirhiselo yo hambana ya switirhisiwa leswi swo hlamarisa eka vutleketli bya swihahampfhuka. Hiku twisisa swihlawulekisi swo hlawuleka swa ti fluoroelastomers, vaendli na vanjhiniyara vanga teka swiboho leswinga na vutivi mayelana na ku hlawuriwa ka switirhisiwa eka tisisiteme ta vutleketli bya swihahampfhuka, ekuheteleleni va ndlandlamuxa matirhelo na ku tshembheka ka tona.
Ku lwisana na ku dyuhala ka maxelo eka ti Fluoroelastomers
Fluoroelastomers i muxaka wa rhaba yo endliwa leyi kombisaka ku lwisana loku hlawulekeke eka ku dyuhala ka maxelo. Nhundzu leyi yo hlawuleka yi endla leswaku ti faneleka swinene eka switirhisiwa swo hambana eka tiindasitiri to fana na mimovha, swa swihahampfhuka, na ku lulamisiwa ka tikhemikhali. Ku dyuhala ka maxelo swivula ku onhaka ka switirhisiwa hikokwalaho ka ku hlangana na swiyimo swo tika swa mbango, kukatsa na ku vonakala ka dyambu, kuhisa, ozone na tikhemikhali. Eka ti fluoroelastomers, xivumbeko xa tona xa molecule na xivumbeko xa tona swi hoxa xandla eka ku lwisana ka tona loku xiyekaka eka swilo leswi.
Xin’wana xa swilo swa nkoka leswi endlaka leswaku ti fluoroelastomers ti kota ku tiyisela ku dyuhala ka maxelo i nhlayo ya tona ya fluorine yotala. Nhlayo leyi yale henhla ya fluorine ayi antswisi ntsena ku tiya ka tona eka kuhisa na ti khemikhali kambe yitlhela yinyika ku tiya lokunene eka miseve ya ultraviolet (UV) kusuka eka ku vonakala ka dyambu. UV radiation yinga vanga ku onhaka naku pandzeka ka ti polymers hiku famba ka nkarhi, leswi endlaka leswaku kuhunguteka matirhelo xikan’we na vutomi. Hambiswiritano, ku lwisana ka ntumbuluko ka ti fluoroelastomers eka miseve ya UV switiyisisa vutomi bya tona byo leha hambi loko ti hlangana na swiyimo swo tika swinene swale handle.
Ku engetela eka nhlayo ya tona ya le henhla ya fluorine, ti fluoroelastomers titlhela tiva na nkolo wo hlawuleka wa carbon-fluorine. Nkolo lowu wu hoxa xandla eka ku lwisana ka tona loku hlawulekeke ka tikhemikhali, leswi endlaka leswaku ti lwisana swinene ni ku onhiwa hi ti- acid, ti- base, ti- solvent ni mafurha. Ku lwisana loku na nhlaselo wa tikhemikhali swiya emahlweni swi ndlandlamuxa vuswikoti bya tona byo tiyisela ku dyuhala ka maxelo, tani hileswi ku hlangana na swilo swohambana hambana leswi thyakisa mbango na swilo leswi thyakeke swinga hatlisisaka ku onhaka ka switirhisiwa.
Ku tlula kwalaho, ti fluoroelastomers ti kombisa ku tiya lokunene ka mahiselo, leswi pfumelelaka ku hlayisa swivumbeko swa tona swa michini eka mahiselo yo anama. Ti kota ku tiyisela ku hisa lokukulu handle ko lahlekeriwa hi ku olova ka tona kumbe ku va brittle. Ku tiya loku ka mahiselo swina nkoka swinene eka switirhisiwa laha ti fluoroelastomers tinga hlangana na mahiselo yale henhla kumbe ku cinca cinca ka mahiselo, kufana na ti engine seals, gaskets, na O-rings.
Ku tiyisisa matirhelo ya kahle ya ti fluoroelastomers eka swiyimo swa maxelo yo dyuhala, ku endliwa kahle naku hlanganisiwa swina nkoka. Vaendli va hlawula hi vukheta naku hlanganisa switirhisiwa swohambana hambana kuva va endla ti fluoroelastomers letingana swivumbeko swokarhi xikan’we na swihlawulekisi swa matirhelo. Endlelo ro hlanganisa ri katsa ku hlanganisa fluoroelastomer na swiengeteri swohambana hambana, swofana na switirhisiwa swo horisa, swihatlisisi, na swilo swo tata, kuva ku antswisiwa swivumbeko swa yona swa michini, ku lulamisiwa na ku lwisana na ku dyuhala ka maxelo.
Ku lwisana na ozone eka ti Fluoroelastomers
Ku lwisana na ozone eka ti fluoroelastomers i nchumu wa nkoka swinene lowu faneleke ku tekeriwa enhlokweni loko ku hlawuriwa switirhisiwa eka switirhisiwa swohambana hambana swa ti indasitiri. Ti fluoroelastomers, leti tlhelaka ti tiviwa tani hi FKM kumbe FPM, i switirhisiwa swa rhaba leswi endliweke leswi kombisaka ku lwisana loku hlawulekeke eka ku onhiwa ka ozone. Ozone, xivumbeko xa oxygen lexi cincaka swinene, xinga vanga ku onhaka lokukulu eka switirhisiwa, leswi endlaka leswaku kuhunguteka matirhelo na vutomi. Hambiswiritano, ti- fluoroelastomer ti endliwe hi ku kongoma leswaku ti tiyisela vuyelo byo biha bya ku hlangana ni ozone.
Xivumbeko xo hlawuleka xa timolekhuli ta ti- fluoroelastomer xi hoxa xandla swinene eka ku lwisana ka tona ni ozone. Swilo leswi swi vumbiwa hi nkolo lowu endliweke hi tiatomo ta khaboni ni ta fluorine. Kuva kona ka ti athomo ta fluorine swinyika xisirhelelo xa kahle swinene eka ku nghena ka ozone, leswi sivelaka swilo leswi kuva swi onhaka. Ku engetela kwalano, ti fluoroelastomers tina ku tiya swinene eka swilo swin’wana swa mbango swofana na kuhisa, ti khemikhali, na mahiselo yotala swinene, leswi endlaka leswaku ti kota ku cinca cinca swinene eka switirhisiwa swohambana hambana leswi lavaka.
Xin’wana xa swipfuno swa nkoka swa ti fluoroelastomers eka ku lwisana na ozone i vuswikoti bya tona byo hlayisa swivumbeko swa tona swa michini hambi endzhaku ka nkarhi wo leha ti hlangana na ozone. Kuhambana na ti elastomers tin’wana, ti fluoroelastomers ati endli ku nonoka swinene kumbe ku pandzeka loko ti hlangana na ozone, leswi tiyisisaka vutshembeki bya material na ntirho. Leswi i swa nkoka swinene eka tiindasitiri laha switirhisiwa ni swiphemu swi hlanganaka ni tindhawu leti fuweke hi ozoni, to tanihi tiindasitiri ta timovha, ta swihaha-mpfhuka ni ta oyili ni gasi.
Ku tlula kwalaho, ku lwisana loku hlawulekeke ka ozone ka ti- fluoroelastomer ku hoxa xandla eka vutomi bya tona byo leha bya ntirho. Hi ku tiyisela vuyelo byo onha bya ozone, switirhisiwa leswi swi nga hlayisa swihlawulekisi swa swona swa matirhelo ku ringana nkarhi wo leha, leswi hungutaka xilaveko xo cinciwa nkarhi na nkarhi. Leswi a swi hlayisi ntsena ku durha kambe swi tlhela swi hunguta nkarhi wo yima na ku tiyisisa matirhelo lama yaka emahlweni ya tisisiteme ta nkoka.
Ku tiyisisa ku tiya lokukulu ka ozone, i swa nkoka ku hlawula nkatsakanyo wa fluoroelastomer lowu faneleke eka xitirhisiwa xin’wana na xin’wana xo karhi. Swilo swofana na mahiselo, ku hlangana na ti khemikhali, na ntshikelelo wa michini swifanele ku tekeriwa enhlokweni loko ku hlawuriwa nchumu lowu faneleke. Ku engetela kwalano, maendlelo ya kahle ya dizayini na vunjhiniyara, kukatsa na ku antswisiwa ka sisiteme yo pfalela na ku pfalela loku ringaneleke, swi tlanga xiave xa nkoka eka ku kurisa matirhelo na vutomi bya swiphemu swa fluoroelastomer.
Ku tirhisiwa ka Fluoroelastomers eka Aerospace Navigation
Ti- fluoroelastomer ti humelerile tanihi xiphemu xa nkoka eka bindzu ra ku fambisa swihaha-mpfhuka, leswi hundzuleke ndlela leyi swihaha-mpfhuka swi fambaka ha yona exibakabakeni. Switirhisiwa leswi swa xiyimo xale henhla swinyika ku tiya loku hlawulekeke eka mahiselo yotala, tikhemikhali na mafurha, leswi endlaka leswaku swiva kahle eka switirhisiwa swohambana hambana eka ntirho lowu lowu lavaka matimba.
Yin’wana ya matirhiselo yosungula ya ti fluoroelastomers eka ku fambisa swihahampfhuka i ku endliwa ka ti seals na ti gaskets. Swiphemu leswi swi hoxa xandla swinene eku tiyisekiseni ka vutshembeki bya tisisiteme to hambana-hambana, to tanihi tintambhu ta mafurha, tisisiteme ta hayidiroliki ni swiyenge swa njhini. Ti fluoroelastomers, hi ku tiya ka tona ko hlawuleka eka mafurha na tikhemikhali, tinyika xisirhelelo lexi tshembekaka eka ku vupfa na ku bola, leswi antswisaka vuhlayiseki hinkwabyo na matirhelo ya xihahampfhuka.
Ku tirhisiwa kun’wana lokukulu ka ti fluoroelastomers i eka swihlanganisi swa gezi na tisisiteme ta ti wiring. Ku famba hi swihaha-mpfhuka swi titshege ngopfu hi fambiselo ra gezi leri rharhanganeke leswaku ku vulavurisana, ku fambisa swihaha-mpfhuka ni ku tirhisa switirhisiwa. Ti fluoroelastomers, hi swivumbeko swa tona swa kahle swinene swo pfalela gezi, ti sivela ku hlangana ko koma naswona ti tiyisisa ku hundziseriwa loku tshembekaka ka swikombiso, hambi kuri ehansi ka swiyimo swo tika. Leswi a swi antswisi ntsena ku tirha kahle ka tisisiteme to fambisa swikepe kambe swi tlhela swi hunguta khombo ra ku onhaka ka gezi.
Kuya emahlweni, ti fluoroelastomers tikuma kutirhisiwa swinene eka vuhumelerisi bya ti O-rings nati seals ta ti hydraulic systems. Maendlelo lawa i ya nkoka swinene eku lawuleni ka ku famba-famba ka swiphemu swo hambana-hambana swa swihaha-mpfhuka, swo tanihi switirhisiwa swo wisa, swiphepherhele ni swilo leswi lawulaka. Ku tiya ka ti khemikhali loku hlawulekeke ka ti fluoroelastomers switiyisisa ku pfariwa loku tiyeke naku tiya, ku sivela ku vupfa kwihi na kwihi ka mati ya hayidiroliki. Leswi swi hoxa xandla eka ku tshembheka hinkwako na vuhlayiseki bya xihahampfhuka hi nkarhi wa ku famba.
Ku engetela eka swivumbeko swa tona swa ntirho, ti fluoroelastomers titlhela tinyika swipfuno leswikulu eka kuhunguta ntiko. Ku famba hi swihaha-mpfhuka swi kandziyisa xilaveko xa switirhisiwa swo vevuka leswaku ku antswisiwa ku tirhisiwa ka mafurha hi ndlela leyinene ni ku hunguta ku humesiwa ka swilo swo biha. Ti fluoroelastomers, letingana matimba ya tona yale henhla kuya eka ntiko, tinyika xitshunxo xo olova handle ko kavanyeta matirhelo. Leswi a swi pfuni ntsena eku hunguteni ka ntiko hinkwawo wa xihaha-mpfhuka kambe swi tlhela swi hoxa xandla eka ku antswisiwa ka ku famba-famba ni ku engeteleka ka vuswikoti byo hakela.
Mahetelelo
Ti fluoroelastomers ti lwisana swinene na ku dyuhala ka maxelo, leswi endlaka leswaku tiva nhlawulo lowu tsakeriwaka eka switirhisiwa leswinga eka ku vonakala ka dyambu, kuhisa, ozone na tikhemikhali. Ku tala ka tona ka fluorine, xivumbeko xo hlawuleka xa timolekhuli, ku lwisana ni tikhemikhali ni ku tiya ka ku hisa swi hoxa xandla eka ku hanya ka tona ko leha ni ku tshembeka. Ti indasitiri tinga vuyeriwa hiku twisisa swivumbeko leswi xikan’we naku hlawula ti fluoroelastomers eka switirhisiwa leswinga tiyisela ku dyuhala ka maxelo. Ku engetela kwalaho, ti- fluoroelastomer ti nyika ku tiya loku hlawulekeke ka ozone, leswi endlaka leswaku ti va letinene eka tiindasitiri leti karhatekaka hi ku hlangana ni ozone. Hi ku hlawula nkatsakanyo lowu faneleke wa fluoroelastomer ni ku tirhisa maendlelo lama faneleke ya ku dizayina, tiindasitiri ti nga tirhisa ku tiya ka le henhla ka ozone loku nyikeriwaka hi swilo leswi. Ti fluoroelastomers na tona i ta nkoka swinene eka bindzu ra vutleketli bya swihahampfhuka, ti nyika ku lwisana na swiyimo swo tika na ku tiyisisa vuhlayiseki, ku tirha kahle, na matirhelo ya swihahampfhuka. Switirhisiwa leswi swi tirhisiwa eka swisirhelelo, ti gasket, swihlanganisi swa gezi, na tisisiteme ta hayidiroliki, leswi fambisaka vutumbuluxi na ku endla leswaku ku famba hi xihahampfhuka ku hlayiseka no tshembeka.
